150 300 1 SM PDF
150 300 1 SM PDF
ABSTRAK
Saturasi air adalah salah satu faktor penting dalam estimasi akumulasi dan cadangan hidrokarbon.
Kesalahan dalam estimasi saturasi air akan menimbulkan bias yang cukup berarti atas kedua besaran tersebut.
Meskipun diketahui bahwa ada beberapa faktor yang dapat menimbulkan kesalahan dalam estimasi saturasi
air, pemilihan model saturasi air diperkirakan memainkan peranan yang penting. Studi ini melibatkan delapan
model saturasi air yang tetap banyak dipakai sampai sekarang. Dengan menggunakan data masukan yang sama
terbukti bahwa model-model tersebut menghasilkan estimasi saturasi air yang bervariasi. Dengan perbedaan
harga saturasi sebesar 20% saja maka kesalahan yang dihasilkan atas estimasi cadangan dapat mencapai
50%, bahkan lebih, terutama jika dilihat lebarnya potensi perbedaan harga saturasi air yang dihasilkan oleh
model-model tersebut. Bukti-bukti yang dihasilkan dari studi ini seharusnya dapat memperkuat kesadaran
kita akan kemungkinan adanya kesalahan tersebut di atas dan menjadikan kita menjadi lebih berhati-hati
dalam memilih model saturasi.
Kata kunci: saturasi air, pemilihan model saturasi air, kesalahan angka cadangan, kehati-hatian dalam
penerapan model
ABSTRACT
Water saturation is one of the most important governing factors in hydrocarbon in place and reserves
estimation. Error in the estimation of water saturation may signicantly impose bias in the estimation of both
quantities. In spite of there are various factors affecting potential error in water saturation estimation, choice
in water saturation model(s) appears to play an important factor. This study involves eight water saturation
models that are widely used in log analysis up until today. Using the same input data, the eight models have
proved themseleves to have produced different water saturation estimates. Using a moderate level of water
saturation error of 20% evaluation may result in up to 50% error in the reserves estimates. Observing the
wide disparities in the estimated water saturation values yielded by the models used in this study, errors
higher than 50% may take place. This evidence should strengthen our awareness over the potential error
and careful applications of model(s) and validation of results that have to be observed.
Keywords: water saturation, choice of water saturation model, error in reserves, careful application of
model
I. INTRODUCTION
Water saturation is an important parameter
in the determination of hydrocarbon in-place in
reservoir. Uncertainty in the water saturation data
results in uncertainty in the estimates of hydrocarbon
accumulation and reserves (Oil & Gas Journal,
2004). However, as Worthington put it earlier
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Scientic Contributions Oil & Gas, Vol. 35. No. 3, December 2012 : 99 - 107
Sw
100
a Rw
I m Rt
....................... (1)
Sw
a 1 Vsh
Rw .......... (2)
u
I m Rt Rsh 1 Vsh
Sw
2
a 1 V sh
Rw
I m Rt Rc
.......... (3)
Sw
I2
V sh
0,4 R w V sh
5
I R sh
R sh
Rt R w
, ... (4)
Rt
2
2
I
Sw
.......... (5)
Choice of Water Saturation Model in Log Analysis and Its Implication to Water Saturation Saturation
Estimates A Further Investigation (Bambang Widarsono)
V
0,4 Rw 1 Vsh Vsh
sh
2
Rsh
I
Rsh
I2
5
.
Rt Rw 1 Vsh
... (6)
Sw
S wt
b b2
Rw
Rwa
....................... (7)
S wb 1 Rw / Rwb
2
..................... (8)
S wb
I wb
It
..................... (9)
S we
S wt S wb
.
1 S wb
....................... (10)
aRw
1 V p 't ma
10 6
1
X
R
t
......... (11)
't p 't ma
't f 't ma
101
Scientic Contributions Oil & Gas, Vol. 35. No. 3, December 2012 : 99 - 107
100
100,0
80,0
Water saturation, %
Water saturation, %
80
60
Schlumberger
40
DW
Kamel-Mabrouk
20
Poupon et al
0
1
Hossin
10
Rock resistivity, Ohm-m
Archie
Fertl
Simandoux
60,0
40,0
Kamel-Mabrouk
20,0
100
Archie
Fertl
Simandoux
DW
Poupon et al
Hossin
0,0
1
Figure 1
Plot for the eight water saturation models,
with Vsh = 10% and porosity = 30%.
Note: shale volume fraction is for Poupon et al,
Hossin, Simandoux, Fertl,
and Schlumber models only.
102
Schlumberger
10
100
Figure 2
Plot for the eight water saturation models,
with Vsh = 10% and porosity = 20%.
Note: shale volume fraction is for Poupon et al,
Hossin, Simandoux, Fertl,
and Schlumber models only.
Choice of Water Saturation Model in Log Analysis and Its Implication to Water Saturation Saturation
Estimates A Further Investigation (Bambang Widarsono)
100,0
100,0
Schlumberger
80,0
60,0
40,0
Archie
Kamel-Mabrouk
Water saturation, %
Water saturation, %
80,0
Fertl
20,0
Schlumberger
60,0
Fertl
40,0
Archie
Kamel-Mabrouk
20,0
DW
Poupon et al
Simandoux
Poupon et al
Hossin
0,0
1
Hossin
0,0
10
Rock resistivity, Ohm-m
100
Simandoux
DW
10
100
Figure 3
Plot for the eight water saturation models,
with Vsh = 10% and porosity = 10%.
Note: shale volume fraction is for Poupon et al,
Hossin, Simandoux, Fertl,
and Schlumber models only.
Figure 5
Plot for the eight water saturation models,
with Vsh = 20% and porosity = 20%.
Note: shale volume fraction is for Poupon et al,
Hossin, Simandoux, Fertl,
and Schlumber models only.
100,0
100,0
80,0
80,0
Water saturation, %
Water saturation, %
Schlumberger
60,0
Schlumberger
Fertl
40,0
Kamel-Mabrouk
20,0
Archie
Poupon et al
60,0
DW
Archie
40,0
Kamel-Mabrouk
Fertl
20,0
Poupon et al
Hossin
DW
0,0
Simandoux
Simandoux
Hossin
0,0
1
10
100
Figure 4
Plot for the eight water saturation models,
with Vsh = 20% and porosity = 30%.
Note: shale volume fraction is for Poupon et al,
Hossin, Simandoux, Fertl,
and Schlumber models only
10
100
Figure 6
Plot for the eight water saturation models,
with Vsh = 20% and porosity = 10%.
Note: shale volume fraction is for Poupon et al,
Hossin, Simandoux, Fertl,
103
Scientic Contributions Oil & Gas, Vol. 35. No. 3, December 2012 : 99 - 107
100,0
100,0
80,0
80,0
Water saturation, %
Water saturation, %
60,0
Schlumberger
Fertl
40,0
60,0
Fertl
Archie
20,0
Poupon et al
Hossin
DW
0,0
1
DW
Kamel-Mabrouk
Archie
Poupon et al
Schlumberger
40,0
Kamel-Mabrouk
20,0
10
Simandoux
100
Figure 7
Plot for the eight water saturation models,
with Vsh = 30% and porosity = 30%.
Note: shale volume fraction is for Poupon et al,
Hossin, Simandoux, Fertl,
104
Simandoux
Hossin
0,0
1
10
100
Figure 8
Plot for the eight water saturation models,
with Vsh = 30% and porosity = 20%.
Note: shale volume fraction is for Poupon et al,
Hossin, Simandoux, Fertl,
and Schlumber models only
Choice of Water Saturation Model in Log Analysis and Its Implication to Water Saturation Saturation
Estimates A Further Investigation (Bambang Widarsono)
V. DISCUSSIONS
100,0
80,0
Water saturation, %
60,0
Fertl
40,0
DW
Archie
Kamel-Mabrouk
Simandoux
20,0
Poupon et al
Hossin
Schlumberger
0,0
1
10
100
Figure 9
Plot for the eight water saturation models,
with Vsh = 30% and porosity = 10%.
Note: shale volume fraction is for Poupon et al,
Hossin, Simandoux, Fertl,
and Schlumber models only.
Figure 10
The effect of error in water saturation
(assumed 20%) on error in the resulting
reserves estimates. The x-axis is the actual
average value of water saturatin in reservoir
(Oil & Gas Journal, 2004)
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Scientic Contributions Oil & Gas, Vol. 35. No. 3, December 2012 : 99 - 107
VI. CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES
106
Choice of Water Saturation Model in Log Analysis and Its Implication to Water Saturation Saturation
Estimates A Further Investigation (Bambang Widarsono)
14. Worthington, P.F. (1985). The Evolution of Shalysand Concepts in Reservoir Evaluation. Log Analyst,
Jan Feb.
107