Contents
Space and weight allowances
TABLE
TABLE
TABLE
TABLE
TABLE
TABLE
TABLE
TABLE
14
1: Cooling loads
2: Cooling plant
3: Solar gains
4: Heat loads
Comfort factors
TABLE
TABLE
TABLE
TABLE
TABLE
TABLE
16
1: External conditions
2: Ventilation and air conditioning
3: Information technology
4: Room air movement
5: Noise levels
6: Comfort data sheet
System features
20
24
Electrical systems
26
Cost data
27
References
Rules of Thumb BSRIA 2001
32
3
Acknowledgements
The story behind the guide
This publication is the third update of the Technical Note TN 17/95: Rules
of Thumb last issued in 1995. The rules have been collected from various
contemporary sources in the building services industry and can reasonably
be held to reflect current design practices. The sources include major
design offices, individual engineers and public domain information
published by BSRIA and others.
The industry review team for this project comprised: John Louis Auguste
(Bovis Lend-Lease), Dennis Bastow (NHS Estates), Brian Charlesworth
(Troup Bywaters & Anders), Laurie Clark (Cundall Johnston & Partners),
Michelle Field (Buro Happold), Manus Freeman (SVM Partnership),
Nigel Hawkes (Fulcrum Consulting), Glen Irwin (Roberts & Partners),
Bob Keenan and Dr Ian Selby (Sheppard Robson, on behalf of the
British Council for Offices), Nick Mead (ACDP), Richard Tudor (WSP
Group), and Gay Lawrence Race and John Sands (BSRIA). We would
also like to thank AMEC Capital Projects, BAA plc, N G Bailey, Bryan
Franklin, Building Design Partnership, Foggo Associates, Foremans Ltd,
Hoare Lea & Partners, Max Fordham & Partners, Stanhope, and Whitby
Bird & Partners for their help.
Finally, BSRIA would like to make special acknowedgement to the
consulting engineers Foremans Ltd, whose financial support has enabled
BSRIA to extend the print run. BSRIA also acknowledges the editing
help of Nigel Pavey, author of the second edition of Rules of Thumb and
now chief engineer with Foremans Ltd.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
system, or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical including
photocopying, recording or otherwise without prior written permission of the publisher.
BSRIA TN 15/2001 August 2001
Roderic Bunn
Publisher
Rules of Thumb BSRIA 2001
When to use: During the early stages of design prior to plant selection or system analysis
Where to use: Plant room sizes, riser cupboard locations and plant capacities
Watch out for: Poor information that fails to allow for installation, commissioning or maintenance
TABLE 1: Floor space allowance for services (as a percentage of floor area)
Design area
Application
All services
Other information
Rule of thumb
Ref
Simple factory
Offices and commercial
Hi-tech building
4%
6 10%
15 30%
26
26
26
1 5 2 5%
3 4 5%
26
26
03 15%
26
05 1 5%
26
02 0 5%
26
Central plant
1 2%
26
Toilet extract
Supply and extract system
All air low velocity system
03 1%
3 5%
4 6%
26
26
26
Refrigeration (excluding
cooling towers)
Ventilation
Table 1 continued
For references see page 32
Application
Other information
Rule of thumb
Ref
space for
installation and
maintenance
25 + kW/200 m2
29
With extract
/recirculation
8 m2 per m3/s
29
Without extract
/recirculation
5 m2 per m3/s
29
26
26
Boilers
(percentage floor area)
Boiler plant
& calorifiers
0 8 1 8%
1 2%
Boilers
(floor area and height)
Boilers, pumps,
piping and space for
installation and
maintenance
Output: 100 kW
Output: 200 kW
Output: 1000 kW
Output: 4000 kW
15
25
80
30
m2
m2
m2
m2
x
x
x
x
3
3
4
5
m
m
m
m
29
29
29
29
Calorifiers
(floor area and height)
Calorifiers, pumps,
pipework, controls
and space for
installation and
maintenance
Vertical
Vertical
Vertical
Vertical
10
20
25
60
m2
m2
m2
m2
x
x
x
x
3
4
5
3
m
m
m
m
29
29
29
29
25
30
45
60
m2
m2
m2
m2
x
x
x
x
3
3
3
3
m
m
m
m
29
29
29
29
(1 m3)
(5 m3)
(10 m3)
(15 m3)
Horizontal
Horizontal
Horizontal
Horizontal
(1 m3)
(5 m3)
(10 m3)
(15 m3)
Table 2 continued
7
Design area
Application
Other information
Rule of thumb
Ref
With pumps,
pressurisation,
pipework and
control panels
Output: 1000 kW
Output: 2000 kW
Output: 3000 kW
Output: 4000 kW
50 m2 x 3 m
63 m2 x 3 m
83 m2 x 3 5 m
108 m2 x 4 m
29
29
29
29
Located outside.
Includes space for
installation and
maintenance
Output: 200 kW
Output: 400 kW
Output: 600 kW
Output: 800 kW
Output: 1000 kW
Output: 1200 kW
39 m2
53 m2
75 m2
84 m2
98 m2
116 m2
29
29
29
29
29
29
FA: 10 + V/075 m2
FA: 10 + V/1 6 m2
FA: 10 + V/2 4 m2
29
29
29
Minimum for
hot and cold
outlets
Offices
10-20 litres/person
Table 2 continued
For references see page 32
Design area
Application
Other information
Rule of thumb
Ref
Minimum for
hot and cold
outlets
Restaurant
Day school
Hostel
7 litres/meal
15-20 litres/pupil
90 litres/bed space
20
20
20
FA: 50 + kW/66 m2
29
HV switchgear
HV + MV switchgear
47 m2
14 m2
27 m2
29
29
29
FA:15 + kVA/30 m2
29
FA: (2 + kW/200) x 2 m2
29
Other information
Rule of thumb
Ref
1200 1800 mm
18
19
Cooling towers
Sub-station
Standby generation
2000 kVA
transformers
Switchgear
Application
10
Application
Air conditioning
Rule of thumb
Ref
VAV
VRV
Recessed chilled beams
Surface chilled beams
Chilled ceilings
Fan coils
Ducted air system
350 750 mm
450 mm
350 450 mm
250 mm
250 mm
450 mm
450 mm
16
16
16
16
16
27
27
Drainage
Soil and waste
100 mm dia.
150 mm dia.
10 25 mm per m run
7 16 mm per m run
27
27
Lighting
Fluorescent
Downlighter
100 200 mm
16
200 250 mm
16
Computer rooms
300 mm
16
Other information
Application
Air ducting
Lift shafts
Mechanical service
riser
Simple pipework
riser
Three-sided riser
11
Rule of thumb
Ref
02 m2/m3/s
30
3+A(N-4)/250 m2
30
Pipework
Service ducts
Other information
17
Pipe: 20 mm dia.
Pipe: 25 mm dia.
Pipe: 32 mm dia.
100 mm x 100 mm
120 mm x 120 mm
130 mm x 130 mm
30
30
30
Minimum depth
from services to (open)
access door/panel
690 mm
17
15 23 m
30
2:1 4:1
30
2%
30
12
Design area
Application
Other information
Rule of thumb
Ref
Kitchens including
preparation and
storage
Min. requirements:
Up to 100 meals
Up to 500 meals
04 m2/meal
0 25 m2/meal
31
31
Ratio of kitchen
space to dining space
033:1 to 0 5:1
31
1:1
31
Rule of thumb
Ref
General offices
12 17 m2/person
4 6 m2/person
15 m2 (or more)
per person
Enclosed offices
Application
Other information
Application
Single boiler
Rule of thumb
Ref
500 kW
1500 kW
2500 kW
1500 kg
4250 kg
6500 kg
39
39
39
4 m3
8 m3
12 m3
1250 kg
2500 kg
3300 kg
39
39
39
500 kW
1000 kW
1500 kW
2000 kW
150
225
275
325
kg
kg
kg
kg
39
39
39
39
1500 kW
3000 kW
4500 kW
10 000 kg
20 000 kg
30 000 kg
39
39
39
500 kW
1000 kW
1500 kW
6 000 kg
11 000 kg
14 000 kg
39
39
39
Single generator
500 kVa
1000 kVa
1500 kVa
5000 kg
8000 kg
11 000 kg
39
39
39
100 kVa
300 kVa
500 kVa
1250 kg
2750 kg
4250 kg
39
39
39
Single water-cooled
liquid chiller
13
Other information
14
When to use:
How to use:
Watch out for:
For estimates of thermal loads used to assess plant and terminal equipment sizes
To determine total solar and internal gains, multiply the loads by total floor area
Solar gains depend on glazing and shading, and contribution of thermal mass
Application
Other information
Rule of thumb
Ref
Banks
160 W/m2
34
Computer suites
34
Hotels
34
Offices (general)
125 W/m2
34
75 W/m2
34
120 W/m2
180 W/m2
34
34
Restaurants
220 W/m2
34
Retail buildings
140 W/m2
34
Other information
Rule of thumb
Ref
125 W/m2
40 W/m3
36
36
140 W/m2
45 W/m3
36
36
Central plant
Distributed plant
05 kW/kW
0 78 kW/kW
36
36
60% glazing
65% glazing
Application
kW/kW cooling
capacity
Design area
Application
Other information
Rule of thumb
Ref
Windows with
internal blinds
(June-Sept)
(June-Sept)
South facing
East-West facing
34
34
Out-of-town building
U-value 33 W/m2K
40
40
40
40
40
40
Other information
Rule of thumb
Ref
Floor area
34
Educational buildings
100 W/m2
34
Industrial buildings
80 W/m2
34
Offices
70 W/m2
34
Residential buildings
60 W/m2
34
7 5 W/m3
34
Retail buildings
110 W/m2
34
10 W/m2
12 W/m2
15 25 W/m2
16
16
16
Application
General buildings
Offices
General offices
15
Metabolic
Lighting
Office equipment
16
When to use:
Where to use:
Watch out for:
Comfort factors
During the early stages of design prior to plant selection or system analysis
Plant room sizes, riser cupboard locations and plant capacities
Poor information that fails to allow for installation, commissioning or maintenance
Application
Without surplus
boiler capacity
With 20% surplus
boiler capacity
Other information
Single-storey building
Other buildings
Rate of lowering
outdoor design temp.
with altitude above
sea level
Rule of thumb
Ref
-4C
37
-3 C
-1C
37
37
-06 C/100 m
37
28C
37
19C
37
Application
Other information
Rule of thumb
Ref
Ventilation: recommended
maximum temperature
Offices
95% operation/year
25 C
Offices
95% operation/year
IT rooms by classification
Type A IT rooms
Specifically designed
and built for IT equipment
(ideally, isolated from
office areas)
Dedicated IT room
required
38
Table 2 continued
For references see page 32
Application
Other information
IT rooms by classification
(continued)
Type B IT rooms
Type C IT rooms
Rule of thumb
Ref
Air-conditioned office,
room or workspace
38
Non air-conditioned
office, room or
workspace
38
Other information
Rule of thumb
Ref
In Winter
In Summer
At 21C
At 22C
At 23C
At 24C
On back of neck
015 m/s
0 25 m/s
0 15 m/s
0 2 m/s
0 25 m/s
0 3 m/s
0 2 m/s
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
08 m/s
37
02 0 3 m/s
Room where IT
equipment is used at
workstations (may use
natural or mechanical
ventilation)
Application
Television and
broadcasting studios
17
18
Comfort factors
TABLE 5: Noise levels
Design area
Application
Other information
Rule of thumb
Ref
Recommended maximum
background noise levels
NR 20
37
NR 25
37
NR 30
37
NR 35
37
NR 40
37
NR 45
NR 50 or above
37
37
Intelligibility of telephone
conversation at background
noise levels
Satisfactory
Slightly difficult
Difficult
Unsatisfactory
Up to NR 50
Up to NR 60
Up to NR 75
Over NR 75
37
37
37
37
Complaints expected
Marginal
37
37
Up to NR 40
Up to NR 45
Up to NR 50
Up to NR 55
Over NR 70
7m
4m
2 2 m
1 2 m
Too noisy
37
37
37
37
37
Quiet rooms
Private rooms
Public rooms
General areas
Work areas
Industrial areas
Humidity
(% RH)
Infiltration
(ac/h)
Ventilation
fresh air
Ventilation
air change
Lighting level
(Lux)
Noise level
(NR)
21-23C
19-21C
5010% RH
05 ac/h
8 l/s/person
6-10 ac/h
300 lux
NR25-NR30
21-23C
19-21C
505% RH
1 ac/h
8 l/s/person
4-15 ac/h
300 lux
NR35-NR45
21-23C
19-21C
505% RH
2 ac/h
8 l/s/person
6-10 ac/h
300 lux
NR25-NR35
21-23C
19-21C
50-55% RH
025-05 ac/h
8 l/s/person
1 ac/h
300 lux
NR40
Factory/warehouse
21-23C
11-21C
5010% RH
025-25 ac/h
8 l/s/person
6 ac/h
750-1000 lux
NR45-NR65
>18C
12-18C
40-70% RH
075 ac/h
8 l/s/person
4 ac/h
300 lux
NR30-NR40
23-25C
22-24C
50-60% RH
2 ac/h
8 l/s/person
3 ac/h
50-100 lux
NR30-NR35
Hotels (bedrooms)
21-23C
19-21C
5010% RH
1 ac/h
8 l/s/person
6-10 ac/h
50-100 lux
NR20-NR30
24-25C
22-23C
505% RH
025-075 ac/h
8 l/s/person
3-4 ac/h
300 lux
NR30-NR35
21-23C
19-21C
50-55% RH
1 ac/h
8 l/s/person
3-4 ac/h
200 lux
NR30-NR35
24C
22C
35-40% RH
025-05 ac/h
8-12 l/s/person
4-6 ac/h
300-500 lux
NR25-NR40
Retail (shops/stores)
21-23C
19-21C
455% RH
05-1 ac/h
8 l/s/person
3-8 ac/h
500-750 lux
NR35-NR45
300 lux
NR 40-NR50
19
23-26C
23-26C
40-70% RH
05 ac/h
20
When to use:
Where to use:
Watch out for:
System features
During outline design before the architect has finalised space planning
For determining the spatial and operational characteristics of main plant
The rules for boiler and cooling plant are based on unit floor area or unit volume
Application
Other information
36
16
Heating mode
Cooling mode
30C (max)
13C (min)
16
16
Air discharge
06 2 m/s
36
10 40 kPa
0 33 1 72 bar
16
36
8m
Not to exceed
50 mm within 1m
of diffuser outlet
36
Maximum height
36
Allow 03 m
width
36
36
36
Air distribution
From source
Ceiling diffusers
Non-zoning partitions
Sill diffusers
Ref
25 4 m/s
1 0 2 5 m/s
Heating coil
Cooling coil
Air supply
temperatures
Rule of thumb
Limit of throw
Surface projections
36
Table 1 continued
For references see page 32
Design area
Application
Other information
Rule of thumb
Ref
Boiler efficiency
Efficiency losses
Typical efficiency
Blowdown (steam)
Casing
Flue
75%
2%
3%
15 20 %
36
36
36
36
Condensing boilers
Underfloor or warm
water system
90%
22
87%
22
85%
22
80 82%
22
75%
22
70%
22
1 kW/person
36
Volume per kW
40 litres/kW
36
3 5 m/s
7 5 15 m/s
36
36
Boiler plant
Typical seasonal
efficiencies
Non-condensing
boilers
Fuel storage
Ductwork
Typical duct velocities
Class D oil
Table 1 continued
21
22
System features
Design area
Application
Ductwork
Inlet louvres
Ref
25 m/s
36
1 Pa/m
8 Pa/m
36
36
900 Pa
400 Pa
1 5 2 kPa
36
36
36
6%
3%
2%
15
15
15
Fans
36
1C per kPa
36
Offices
Restaurants
Retail stores, halls, theatres
14 litres/s per m3
3 5 litres/s per m3
2 1 litres/s per m3
23
23
23
Domestic systems
Commercial systems
Conventional system
1 litre/m2
36
Boilers
Aluminium, cast radiator
15 litres/kW
3 litres/kW
36
36
Class A
Class B
Class C
Heating systems
Approx. value
Approx. value
Table 1 continued
For references see page 32
Design area
Pipework
Capacity per unit length of
of steel pipe
Application
Rule of thumb
Ref
E xtruded aluminium
Steel panel radiators
12 litres/kW
5 litres/kW
36
36
15 mm diameter pipe
20 mm diameter pipe
25 mm diameter pipe
32 mm diameter pipe
40 mm diameter pipe
025 litres/m
0 4 litres/m
0 6 litres/m
1 2 litres/m
1 5 litres/m
36
36
36
36
36
15 50 mm pipe dia.
Over 50 mm pipe dia.
075 1 5 m/s
1 25 3 m/s
36
36
Initial pressure
per 100 m pipe run
6%
36
16
Corrosive water
1 m/s
1 2 m/s
2 m/s max
36
36
36
Superheated steam
Saturated steam
Exhaust
40 60 m/s
30 40 m/s
20 30 m/s
36
36
36
49 litres/m2
36
36
Copper pipework
36
Frost protection
Glycol concentration
16
Water velocity
Conventional systems
Water pressure
Conventional systems
Small bore
Microbore
Steam velocity
Pumps
Head pressure (pump head)
Water treatment
Additives required
23
Other information
24
When to use:
Where to use:
Watch out for:
Application
Natural Gas
Oil
Electricity
Coal
Other information
Average
Carbon to CO2
Rule of thumb
Ref
019
0 25
0 46
0 30
1
1
1
1
kg
kg
kg
kg
CO2/kWh
CO2/kWh
CO2/kWh
CO2/kWh
Divide by 3 67
Application
Other information
Rule of thumb
Ref
Good practice
Typical
3.50 m2 tfa
6.00 m2 tfa
1
1
Gas or oil
(delivered)
Good practice
Typical
79 kWh/m2
151 kWh/m2
1
1
Electricity
(delivered)
Good practice
Typical
33 kWh/m2
54 kWh/m2
1
1
Good practice
Typical
4.50 m2 tfa
7.00 m2 tfa
1
1
Good practice
Typical
79 kWh/m2
151 kWh/m2
1
1
Good practice
Typical
54 kWh/m2
85 kWh/m2
1
1
Table 2 continued
For references see page 32
Design area
Application
Other information
Rule of thumb
Ref
Energy costs
Good practice
Typical
8.00 m2 tfa
14.00 m2 tfa
1
1
Gas or oil
(delivered)
Good practice
Typical
97 kWh/m2
178 kWh/m2
1
1
Electricity
(delivered)
Good practice
Typical
128 kWh/m2
226 kWh/m2
1
1
Energy costs
Good practice
Typical
13.00 m2 tfa
20.00 m2 tfa
1
1
Gas or oil
(delivered)
Good practice
Typical
114 kWh/m2
210 kWh/m2
1
1
Electricity
(delivered)
Good practice
Typical
234 kWh/m2
358 kWh/m2
1
1
Design area
Application
Other information
Rule of thumb
Ref
Lighting benchmarks
Type 1
Good practice
Typical
12 W/m2
15 W/m2
1
1
Type 2
Good practice
Typical
12 W/m2
18 W/m2
1
1
Type 3
Good practice
Typical
12 W/m2
20 W/m2
1
1
Type 4
Good practice
Typical
12 W/m2
20 W/m2
1
1
25
26
When to use:
Where to use:
Watch out for:
Electrical systems
Application
Other information
Rule of thumb
Ref
Electrical supply
Electrical motors
Electrical motors
Above 3 kW rating
Up to and including
3 kW rating
3-phase supply
16
Direct on-line
starting
16
Assisted start
16
Lighting
10 12 W/m2
16
Small power
15 45 W/m2
16
Air conditioning
60 W/m2
35
Passenger lifts
10 W/m2
35
Electrical motors
Above 4 kW rating
Net area
16
Net area
16
Total kW/08
35
% increase in load
Add 25% to
existing capacity
35
Cost data
Application
Factories
Owner occupied
For letting
Other information
Rule of thumb
Ref
64 161
34 78
25
32
Hospitals
District general
Private
393 556
415 654
25
25
Offices
For letting
Non air-conditioned
(Category A standard) Fully air-conditioned
170 190
280 410
25
25
Offices
Owner occupied)
Non air-conditioned
Fully air-conditioned
210 280
310 500
25
25
Civic
Fully air-conditioned
350 500
25
Residential housing
Local authority
Two-storey houses
Medium rise flats
71 97
96 126
25
25
Schools
Secondary
/middle schools
163 241
25
Universities
Arts buildings
Science buildings
212 268
213 395
25
25
Shopping centre
Department store
223 347
32
Warehouses
High bay
86 171
25
Table 1 continued
27
28
Cost data
TABLE 2: Services costs per square metre as a percentage of total cost
Design area
Application
Other information
Rule of thumb
Ref
Arenas (indoor)
Mechanical
Electrical
Total m&e
Lift installations
Other
Total cost
9%
12%
21%
1%
78%
100%
7
7
7
7
7
7
Call centres
Mechanical
Electrical
Total m&e
Lift installations
Other
Total cost
10%
17%
27%
1%
72%
100%
8
8
8
8
8
8
Cinemas: multiplex
(shell construction)
Mechanical
Electrical
Lift installations
Total m&e
Other
Total cost
1%
8%
6%
9%
85%
100%
13
13
13
13
13
13
Cinemas: multiplex
(cinema fit-out)
Mechanical
Electrical
Total m&e
Lift installations
Other
Total cost
19%
13%
32%
0%
68%
100%
13
13
13
13
13
13
Table 2 continued
For references see page 32
Design area
Application
Other information
Rule of thumb
Ref
Conference centres
Mechanical
Electrical
Lift installations
Other
Total m&e
Total cost
8%
11%
3%
78%
19%
100%
5
5
5
5
5
5
Data/computer centres
Mechanical
Electrical
Lift installations
Other
Total m&e
Total cost
30%
61%
Not included
9%
91%
100%
14
14
14
14
14
14
Mechanical
Electrical
Lift installations
Other
Total m&e
Total cost
Offices: city
(shell & core only)
Mechanical
Electrical
Total m&e
Lift installations
Other
Total cost
2000 data
(m2 gifa)
Mechanical and
public health
Electrical
Total cost
1999 data
(per m2 nia)
13%
11%
1%
75%
24%
9
9
9
9
9
100%
46%
37%
83%
Not included
17%
100%
6
6
6
6
6
6
66%
34%
100%
12
12
12
Table 2 continued
29
30
Cost data
Design area
Application
Other information
Rule of thumb
Ref
Offices: out-of-town
commercial (shell & core)
Mechanical
Electrical
Total m&e
Other
1999 data
(per m2 gifa)
57%
30%
87%
13%
11
11
11
11
Offices: out-of-town
commercial (category A
standard fit-out)
Mechanical &
public health
Electrical
1999 data
(per m2 nia)
78%
11
22%
11
Mechanical
Electrical
Total m&e
Other
1999 data
(per m2 gifa)
47%
32%
79%
21%
12
12
12
12
Supermarkets
(services fit-out)
Mechanical
Electrical
Total m&e
Other
2000 data
(per m2 gifa)
15%
31%
46%
54%
10
10
10
10
Ventilation
(capital costs)
Low velocity
High velocity
67 113
71 119
33
33
Rule of thumb
Ref
Air conditioning
(capital costs)
67 113
82 136
109 181
91 151
33
33
33
33
Air conditioning
(maintenance costs)
14 22
14 22
14 22
33
33
33
148 248
33
Air conditioning
(average capital costs)
31
Application
Design area
32
References
Ref
Title
Publication
Year
Publisher
ISBN
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
2000
1986
2000
2000
2000
2000
1999
1999
1998
2000
1999
1999
2000
2001
BRECSU
CIBSE
Fry Technology
British Council of Offices
The Builder Group
The Builder Group
The Builder Group
The Builder Group
The Builder Group
The Builder Group
The Builder Group
The Builder Group
Davis Langdon & Everest
The Builder Group
0-9524131-2-4
0007-3318
0007-3318
ISSN 1365-5671
ISSN 1365-5671
ISSN 1365-5671
ISSN 1365-5671
ISSN 1365-5671
ISSN 1365-5671
Website
ISSN 1365-5671
1998
2001
HVCA
BSRIA
0-903783-27-4
Not published
1996
HMSO
0-11-772785-7
1996
HMSO
0-11-772785-7
1996
HMSO
0-11-772785-7
CIBSE Guide G
1999
CIBSE
0-900953-87-X
CIBSE Guide G
1999
CIBSE
0-900953-87-X
CIBSE Guide G
CIBSE Guide F
1999
1998
CIBSE
CIBSE
0-900953-87-X
0-900953-861
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
Ref
Title
Publication
Year
Publisher
ISBN
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
CIBSE Guide F
CIBSE Guide F
Rules of Thumb, 2nd Edition
Rules of Thumb, 2nd Edition
Rules of Thumb, 2nd Edition
Rules of Thumb, 2nd Edition
Rules of Thumb, 2nd Edition
Rules of Thumb, 2nd Edition
Rules of Thumb, 2nd Edition
Rules of Thumb, 2nd Edition
Rules of Thumb, 2nd Edition
Rules of Thumb, 2nd Edition
Rules of Thumb, 2nd Edition
Rules of Thumb, 2nd Edition
1998
1998
2001
1995
1995
1995
1995
1995
1995
1995
1995
1995
1995
1995
1995
CIBSE
CIBSE
Spon Press
BSRIA
BSRIA
BSRIA
BSRIA
BSRIA
BSRIA
BSRIA
BSRIA
BSRIA
BSRIA
BSRIA
BSRIA
0-900953-861
0-900953-861
0-415-24280-0
0-86022-4198
0-86022-4198
0-86022-4198
0-86022-4198
0-86022-4198
0-86022-4198
0-86022-4198
0-86022-4198
0-86022-4198
0-86022-4198
0-86022-4198
0-86022-4198
BS 7083, 1996
Building Services Journal, August 1997
1996
1997
BSI
The Builder Group
0-580-26705-9
ISSN 1365-5671
39
33