ENGLISH

WORLD

LOMCE
Grammar
Appendix

ESO

B Burlington Books

ENGLISH WORLD ESO 4 LOMCE Grammar Appendix

Burlington Books
P.O. Box 54411
3721 Limassol
Cyprus
Burlington Books is an imprint of the Burlington Group.
The publisher gratefully acknowledges the following for providing photographs:
AP: page 11; Dynamic Graphics, Inc.: page 8 (B); Getty Images / PhotoDisc: page 8 (D); Shutterstock, Inc.: pages 4, 7, 8 (E), 9, 10 (teens)

Copyright 2015 Burlington Books

Contents
PAGE

SUGGESTED USE AFTER:

Future Continuous

Introduction

Relative Clauses

Unit 2

Past Perfect Simple

Unit 3

Zero Conditional,
Revision of Conditionals

Unit 4

Temporals and
Conditionals

Unit 4

Reported Speech

Unit 6

10

Modals

Unit 7

11

Grammar Revision

Unit 9

 3 Answer the questions about the dialogue in

Future Continuous

Exercise 2. Use the Future Continuous.

Affirmative

She will be leaving soon.

They will be leaving soon.

1. Why arent Rob and Ann meeting this evening?

2. When will Rob and Ann be meeting?

Negative

She wont be leaving soon.

They wont be leaving soon.

3. What will they be discussing?

4. Why arent they meeting on Saturday morning?

Interrogative

Will she be leaving soon?

Will they be leaving soon?

Short Answers

Yes, she will. / No, they wont.

Time Expressions

next week, tomorrow, this time

tomorrow, on Sunday, at 8.00, soon

4 Copy and complete the sentences with the

1 
Copy and complete the sentences with the

verbs below. Use the correct form of the

Future Continuous.
work sleep do not visit not travel
watch
1. Please dont call after 10 pm tonight
I . Im very tired.
2. My sister in Europe next month. Shell be in
South America.

3. Sara

her aunt this weekend. Shes too busy.

4. My mother cant drive us home. She

evening.

5.  your dad

6. What

you

at 8.00 this evening?

2 Complete the dialogue with the verbs in

brackets. Use the Future Continuous.

Rob: C
 an we meet this evening so
that we can plan the surprise
party?
Ann: Sorry, but my cousin 1.
(visit) us this evening. What
about Saturday? I 2. (not
do) anything special then.
Rob: S ounds good. We can meet
in the afternoon.

Rob: I 4.

you

(do)

(sleep)!

Ann: OK. Can you come over to

my house at 4.00? Im free
from 4.00 to 8.00.
Rob: Fine.
Ann: Good. I 5. (wait) for you.
See you then.

1. Jack doesnt feel well, so he

with me.

2. At this time tomorrow, we

I hope its not very hard.

3. Theres a delay. The train

least half an hour.

4.  you

5. Where you basketball on Saturday?

Id like to join you.

to the party
our maths exam.

the station for at

your project over the weekend?

5 Write questions with the words below.

Use the Future Continuous. Then match the
questions to the answers.

late this

sport on TV tonight?

Ann: Why, what 3.

all morning?

verbs below. Use the correct form of the

Future Continuous.
play leave finish take come

1. you / use / your bike / tomorrow

2. what time / you / leave / for the station

3. where / Vera / stay / in London

4. how many people / come / to the party

5. what / you / do / at six this evening

6. when / Larry / paint / his room

a. 15

d. at a small hotel

b. at 7 oclock

e. judo

c. all day tomorrow

f. No, you can borrow it.

6 Write sentences with the words below.

Use the Future Continuous.

1. he / sleep / between 4.00 and 6.00 / .

2. what / they / do / at this time next week / ?

3. you / study / in five years time / ?

4. I / not / arrive / until after midnight / .

5. she / watch TV / at 8.00 this evening / .

Relative Clauses
Defining clause

Watch Out!

The town where I live is quite big.

Non-defining clause
The town, which is quite big, is famous for its oranges.

1 Choose the correct words to complete the

The relative pronoun that

is not used in non-defining
clauses.

3 Copy and complete the second sentence so that

sentences.

1. In England, which / that / where it often rains,

you need an umbrella.

2. People that / whom / whose homes were

damaged by the fire will have to move.
3. The cake, whose / that / which we bought
yesterday, was tasty.

1. Mr Smith has just retired after teaching for 40

years. TEACHER

Mr Smith, who has been a teacher for 40 years,
has just retired.

4. Do you remember the summer that / where /

when we spent in the mountains?

5. Can you remember the exact time which /

when / where you heard the sound?

The holiday hotel

6. Our dentist, who / that / whom had been ill

for some time, decided to retire.

Our family doesnt eat

7. New York is the city which / that / where

I grew up.

8. Peter is going to marry a girl who / whose /

that sister studies in my school.

2 Copy and complete the sentences with the

correct relative pronoun.

2. Our holiday hotel was dirty.

IS

spicy or salty.

4. We all remember your graduation from university.

WHEN
from university.

5. My grandmother owned these plates, so they

are very special to me. BELONGED

These plates,

was dirty.

3. Our family doesnt like spicy or salty food.

We all remember

STAYED

, are very special to me.

6. We used to live in the beautiful city of Venice.

LIVED

1. Have you tried the new restaurant

town square?

2. The rap star Eminem, real name is Marshall

Bruce Mathers III, has had a lot of hit records.

4 
Combine the two sentences using a non-defining

3. Seventeen, is a magazine for teenage girls,

is very popular.

4. Nobody can remember the day

born!

5. Jason is the only friend

when I have a problem.

it has a similar meaning to the first sentence,

using the word given. Do not change the word
given. You must use between two and five
words, including the word given.

is in the

Venice,

they were

I can really count on

, is a beautiful city.

clause. Make any necessary changes.

1. The blue-ringed octopus is poisonous. It lives in
Australia.


The blue-ringed octopus, which lives in Australia,
is poisonous.

6. The lake we went swimming is not far from

my home.

2. Christina Aguilera became a mother in 2008.

She is a famous singer.

7. My French teacher, is very good at her job,

comes from Marseilles.

3. Joanna always wears nice clothes. Her mum is a

fashion designer.

4. Alton Towers is a theme park. It is in England.

5. Malta is a member of the European Union.

My pen-friend lives there.

6. Ancient Olympia attracts lots of visitors. It is in

the Peloponnese.

8. The forest
night.

the boys got lost is frightening at

 3 Rewrite the sentences. Use the words in bold.

Past Perfect Simple

She had arrived.

Negative

We hadnt arrived.

Interrogative

Had he arrived?

By the time I got to the door, my mother

had already opened it.

Short Answers

Yes, he had. / No, we hadnt.

Time Expressions

yet, already, as soon as, after,

before, by the time, until, when

2. The students left the classroom when the bell

rang. had

After the bell

classroom.

, the students left the

1 Copy and complete B using the Past Perfect

They went to the beach because they

studying.

Simple. Then match A to B to form sentences.

1. Before I read the book Twilight,

2. I could answer the question

3. My brother was worried that

4. Ben was pretty upset because

5. Ellen couldnt see the board because

6. Dave left the classroom as soon as

a. he

(finish) the maths test.

b. he

(forget) to lock the front door.

c. his friend

d. I

e. after the teacher

f. she

4. We had absolutely no food left at the end of

the picnic. eaten

We use the Past Perfect Simple for the action that

happened first and the Past Simple for the action
that happened second.
The bus had left before I arrived.

(shout) at him.

4 Copy and complete the sentences. Use the

(see) the film.

Past Simple or the Past Perfect Simple.

(explain) it.

1. Sally (just get) to school when the bell

(ring).

2. The film was boring and by the time it

Billy (fall) asleep.

3. I (buy) a new bike after I

money.

(leave) her glasses at home.

2 Copy and complete the sentences using

3. They finished studying, so they went to the

beach. had

By the time the picnic ended, everyone

absolutely all the food.

1. I got up to open the door, but my mother

opened it first. already

Affirmative

(end),

the time expressions below. Use each time

expression only once.
before when already for all day after
by the time

1.  Tom had taken a course in film making,

he made a short film of his own.

4. Sally (travel) to France after she

French.

2.  Betty finished school, she had studied French

for seven years.

5. After the children (do) their homework,

they (go) to the park.

6. Richard (be) happy because his grandparents

(buy) him a puppy.

(save) enough
(study)

3. We ran to catch the bus, but it had

4. Our team played very well because we had

practised several weeks.

5 
Write sentences. Use the Past Simple and the

5. I had never seen a kangaroo

Australia.

6. Dave was tired because he had worked

7. We had already finished studying for the test

the teacher decided to cancel it.

left.

I went to
.

Past Perfect Simple.

1. Adam / have / a stomach ache / because / he /
eat / too much chocolate


Adam had a stomach ache because he had
eaten too much chocolate.

2. Mary / start to drive / after / she / look /

at the map

3. The bus / leave / before / I / arrive

4. We / finish / the game / by the time / it / begin /

to rain

5. Carl / come / home / as soon as / he / finish /

his lesson

Zero Conditional

Match A to B to make sentences.

A
If we want cheap vegetables, we go
to the market.

1. David wouldnt have broken his leg

2. If I were a teacher,

3. If Megan makes you angry,

4. If you go to the market tomorrow,

verbs below. Use the Zero Conditional.

get feel fly go do wear

5. Unless I phone,

1. If I study, I

better in exams.

6. Holly would take the train to work

2. The ground

wet if it rains.

7. Ray would have phoned

1 
Copy and complete the sentences with the

3. If she to the London office, she takes

the train.

4. If athletes
less often.

a. if he had arrived home from holiday.

b. you should tell her. Youre much too polite.

5. If I do a lot of sport, I

c. if she lived near the station.

6. You need a passport if you

d. I wouldnt give my students any homework.

e. if he hadnt climbed that tree.

f. I will come with you.

g. come tomorrow at 4.00.

protective gear, they get hurt

great.
to another country.

Watch Out!

Revision of Conditionals

unless = if not

Choose the correct answer.

1. If Anna had closed her bag, she

a. wouldnt lose

her purse.

c. wouldnt have lost

b. wont lose

2. If the phone rings, please

a. to answer

4 Copy and complete the sentences. Use the

it.

c. will answer

2. If I were rich,

give / money to the poor

3. If I lived in the USA,

go / to Disney World every week

4. If I buy a book in English,

my parents / be happy

5. If I hadnt gone to school today,

sleep / all day

6. If I exercise too much,

my legs / hurt

b. answer

3. Tammy wouldnt have fallen if she

long skirt.

a. didnt wear

such a

c. hadnt worn

b. wouldnt have worn

4. If you dont meet Sam at the station, he

your house.

a. would never find

c. never finds

b. will never find

5. Unless you drink enough water, you

a headache.

words in bold. Then tick (3) the sentences that

are true for you.
1. If I have time today, I will visit my grandparents.
visit / my grandparents

5 What do parents often say? Copy and

complete the sentences.

1. If you didnt watch so much TV,

b. would have got

2. You would feel better

3. You wouldnt be tired

4. Unless you study harder,

5. You would learn a lot

a. would get

c. will get

6. Karen would invite more people to the

party if she ..... a bigger house.

a. would have

c. had had

.
.

b. had

7. If Harry ..... your birthday, he would have

bought you a present.

a.
had remembered c.
would have remembered
b. remembered

8. Unless I a famous actress, I wouldnt live in

Hollywood.

a. will be

c. had been

b. were
7

 2 Match A and B to complete the sentences.

Temporals and Conditionals

1 Choose the grammatically correct sentence

1. I would have sent you a postcard

2. We wont start the game

3. If I were you,

4. Dont wear that hat

5. If you took up a new sport,

2. a. Unless you hurry, you miss the train.

6. Dad will clean the garage on Saturday

b. Unless you hurry, you will miss the train.

7. I will go to the party

8. If I had remembered my umbrella,

in each pair. Then match the sentence to a

picture.

1. a. If you mix blue and red, you get purple.

b. If you mix blue and red, you would get

purple.

3. a. If I were you, I would apologise.

b. If I were you, I had apologised.

4. a. Tim wouldnt have hurt his neck if he didnt

fall off his bike.

a. I would take some vitamins.

b. Tim wouldnt have hurt his neck if he hadnt

fallen off his bike.

b. I wouldnt have got wet.

c. if he has time.

d. as long as my parents agree.

b. If I lived in Africa, I wouldnt be so cold.

e. if I had had your address with me.

f. until everyone arrives.

g. which one would you choose?

h. unless you want everyone to laugh at you.

5. a. If I would live in Africa, I wouldnt be so cold.

3 Copy and complete the sentences with the

verbs in brackets. Use the Zero, First, Second
or Third Conditional or a temporal.

1. If you (read) this more carefully, you

wouldnt have got the answer wrong.

2. Do you think Julia

short hair?

3. What you (do) after school if youve only

got a little bit of homework?

4. You wont be warm enough unless you

(wear) a sweater.

5. My dog (start) barking the moment she

hears my key in the door.

4 Rewrite the sentences. Use the words in bold.

1. Well go to the cinema, but first well have

dinner. before

Well have dinner

E

(look) better if she had

to the cinema.

2. Sally is tired all the time because she goes to bed

late. not

If Sally to bed late, she wouldnt be tired all

the time.

3. If Steve feels better tomorrow, hell go to school.

as soon as

better, hell go to school.

4. Ellen was late for school yesterday because she

didnt hear her alarm clock. been

Ellen late for school if she had heard her

alarm clock.
8

 3 Copy and complete the sentences. Use the

Reported Speech

words in bold.

Questions

Do the boys play hockey?

She asked if / whether the boys played hockey.
What sport do the girls play?
She asked what sport the girls played.

Commands

1. I will come back from England next week,

Lyn said. come
Lyn told us she would come back from England
the following week.

2. Why dont you take a taxi home? Laura said.

suggested

Laura

a taxi home.

Dont touch that!

She told me not to touch that.

Suggestions

My mother said that Sam

Lets try this.

He suggested that we try that.

3. Sam can help you later, my mother said.

could
4. Dont sit on the wet paint, Mark said to me.
not

Mark warned

on the wet paint.

Offers

Ill help you with your homework.

He offered to help me with my homework.

Tom suggested that

1 Copy and complete the sentences in reported

speech. Pay attention to all the changes.

5. Lets meet for lunch, Tom said. we

for lunch.

6. Ill come this evening at 8.00 pm, Dan

offered. to

Dan offered

later.

evening at 8.00 pm.

7. Well meet tonight at eight oclock, Karen

said. that

1. The band will play tomorrow, he said.

He said that the band would play the next day .

Karen said that they

4 Adam and Joe are helping their aunt

2. We can meet here, Sam said.

Sam said that they

3. Pat is having a party this weekend. Lynn said.

Lynn said that Pat

4. There is a good film today, the teacher said.

The teacher said that

5. I want to leave now, Jon said.

Jon said that he

6. I must study tonight, Nancy said.

Nancy said that she

Write the questions in reported speech.

1. Are you watching the game tonight?

Neville asked.


Neville asked if / whether I was watching the
game that night.

2. Will we see Jake at the party tomorrow?

David asked.

3. Can we come over this weekend? Tina asked.

4. Which school does Ben go to? Larry asked.

5. What time are the girls going to the beach?

Sam asked.

night at eight oclock.

and uncle on their farm. Read the list

of things they have to do. Then complete
Joes e-mail. Use reported speech.

Dont forget!
feed the ducks
brush the ponies
dont leave the gate open
dont go near the bull
turn off the lights when you leave
Hi Max,
Adam and I are staying with our aunt and uncle this weekend.
Theyve got a big farm and were helping them. We have got
plenty of things to do.
They asked us (1) the ducks and (2) the ponies. We like
doing these things. They also told us things that we already
knew. For example, they asked us (3) the gate open. They
told us (4) near the bull. They also asked us (5) the lights
when we left.
Were having a lot of fun. Are you having a good weekend?
I hope so!
Joe

Modals
be able to

need to

Steve is able to ski.

Children need to go to school.

Watch Out!

Dad wasnt able to get tickets.

I dont need to buy a new shirt.

We will be able to go to the party.

They will need to leave soon.

We can use be able to and

need to in different tenses.

1 Write each sentence in the negative and

3 
Copy and complete the sentences. Use the

interrogative form in your notebook.

affirmative or negative form of need to.

1. Dave is able to meet us for lunch.

1. Greg cant go out. He

2. We were able to get tickets for the show.

2. Helen

3. You will be able to download the photos.

3. I can do this by myself. You

4. He needs to do his homework now.

5. Sarah needed to buy her plane ticket yesterday.

4. Peter get up early last week. He was on

holiday.

6. They will need to bring an umbrella.

5. We are going to a restaurant tonight, so we

cook.

2 
Look at the pictures and complete the

sentences. Use the affirmative or negative

form of be able to.

do if they want to be

4 Copy and complete the sentences with the

modals below. Use each modal only once.

dont need to be able to have to might
shouldnt mustnt may can could
1. You drink and drive because its illegal and
dangerous.

2. We wont
money.

3. You

buy a new car till we save some

take an umbrella; its not raining outside.

4. You start eating before your host eats. Its not

so polite.

5. The students didnt do any homework

because it was a holiday.

6. Hes only six years old, but he

piano.

already play the

7. I have a cup of coffee, please?

Mr Bellows open his

car door yesterday.
5

Dont worry about the

ketchup on your shirt.
Im sure I wash it off.
6

Mrs Henry speak to

you at the moment. She
is in a meeting.

10

help me.

Revision of Modals

Susan has hurt her foot,

so she walk very well.

It took a long time but

in the end, the police
officer catch the thief.

leave soon. She has got a piano lesson.

6. What the gymnasts

in the team?

Jack and Sue arent in

a hurry this afternoon,
so they to help their
grandfather.

study for a test.

8. My reading glasses be anywhere in the house.

Where did I leave them?

9. We go to the party on Saturday night. Im not

sure yet.

Grammar Revision

1 Answer the questions. Use full sentences.

1. What do you do every day after school?

2. What are you doing now?

3. What kind of day did you have yesterday?

4. What is the strangest food youve ever eaten?

5. What would you do if you found 100?

6. Where are you going to go on holiday next summer?

7. Where can you buy the coolest clothes in your town or city?

8. What subjects are taught in your school?

Copy the sentences. Underline the time expressions in each sentence. Then circle the correct tense.

1. My parents had already left / has already been left by the time I arrived.

2. I think / am thinking it would be a good idea to take my cousin to the funfair later.

3. My friend is going to paint / has painted her bedroom next weekend.
4. I have studied / had studied French for three years before I moved to Paris.

5. Paul said that he didnt go / hadnt gone to school the day before.

6. Debbie is still ill today and so she wont come / doesnt come to the meeting this afternoon.

7. Have you seen / Did you see the painting of the Mona Lisa when you were in Paris?

8. While my neighbour was working / worked in the garden, somebody was breaking / broke into her car.

9. We didnt eat / havent eaten anything since early this morning.

3 Copy and complete the sentences using the time expressions below.

recently by the time as since just ago this afternoon seldom for

1. Helen has

2. There is very little rain in the desert. It

3. Our guest will be arriving at 4.00

4. Did dinosaurs really exist millions of years

5.  I was opening the window, I knocked over a plant.

6. I have known Vicky

7. Chris has been a footballer

8. Have you read any good books

told me the good news!

rains there.

.
?

I started primary school.

a few years now.
?

9. Julie arrived, we had already started eating.

 ead the text below and think of the word which best fits each blank.
R
Use only one word in each blank.

Im sure youve heard of Britney Spears, but (1) you know
that she has got a younger sister? Me neither! But she has. Jamie
Lynn Spears, who is 10 years younger (2) Britney, may not be as
famous as her sister, but she (3) already appeared in a film and on
TV. Julia Roberts has got not only a brother, but also a sister who
have tried (4) follow in her footsteps. They are both actors,
but of course they are not (5) well known as she is. I wonder
what it is like to come from such a famous family. How (6) you feel if
you had a brother or sister (7)
was so famous that everyone knew
their name? Would you plan on a different career or would you (8)
to be a star, too?
11

E BurlingtonBooks
IH-011-201
0 0 1 1 2 0 1 7