Metode Pengambilan Data

Penelitian yang dilakukan merupakan penilitian kuantitatif untuk menganalisis

perancangan Parabolic Trough Collector yang akan ditempatkan di Kupang, Nusa
Tenggara Timur. Data yang dibutuhkan untuk merancang Parabolic Trough Collector
yaitu data radiasi matahari yang ada di kota Kupang itu sendiri. Data radiasi
matahari diambil dari file cuaca EnergyPlus dengan sumber software Meteonorm.
Data yang diperoleh dari EnergyPlus diolah oleh Meteonorm berdasarkan data yang
diukur pada tahun 2005 di Stasiun pengukuran Kupang, El Tari pada lokasi koordinat
-10,2 LU dan 123,7 BT dengan ketinggian 108 m di atas permukaan laut.
a. Tutorial software meteonorm
1. Buka software

2. Pilih tab location dan ketikkan lokasi yang diinginkan hingga muncul
beberapa lokasi sesuai dengan keyword yang telah diketikkan

3. Klik 2 kali lokasi yang diingkinkan hingga lokasi masuk ke dalam kolom
location selected

4. Klik next dan muncul tampilan seperti berikut

5. Masukkan beberapa parameter dari lokasi. Untuk penelitian ini tempat yang
dipilih yaitu Kupang maka Parabolic Trough Collector menghadap utara
(facing north) dengan sudut 20o terhadap bidang horizontal. Sudut ini
dikarenakan Kupang terletak pada -10,2 LU. Albedo diatur otomatis oleh
software. Horizon dan kondisi atmosfer diinterpolasikan oleh software dari
stasiun pengukuran yang ada.

6. Klik Next dan muncul tampilan berikut. Untuk pengaturan rentang tahun data
yang ada digunakan periode 1991-2010 untuk radiasi dan 2000-2009 untuk
suhu.

7. Klik next dan muncul tampilan berikut untuk memilih format file output yang
dihasilkan. Dipilih format TMY3 sesuai software System Advisor Model (SAM)
yang akan digunakan untuk perancangan dan simulasi.

8. Klik next, tunggu, dan akan muncul tampilan berikut. overview data dapat
dilihat sesuai tab yang dipilih, untuk tampilan di bawah tab yang dipilih yaitu
tab radiaton dan muncul grafik yang menunjukkan data radiasi dari Kota
Kupang dengan stasiun yang terletak di daerah El Tari.

9. Untuk menyimpan data dalam format yang telah diatur sebelumnya dapat
menekan tombol Save all results to disk dan muncul tampilan berikut.
Format yang dibutuhkan oleh software SAM yaitu berupa format jam (hour),
maka tombol Hour ditekan dan file output berupa *.csv dengan format data
TMY3 telah tersimpan di dalam output directory.

b. Penjelasan data di dalam *.csv dengan format TMY3

Ada 68 parameter yang masuk ke dalam data format TMY3, berikut
penjelasan parameternya
Field
1
2

Element
Date
Time

Unit or Range
MM/DD/YYYY
HH:MM

Resolution
---

Hourly
extraterrestrial
radiation on a
horizontal surface

Watt-hour per
square meter

1 Wh/m2

Hourly
extraterrestrial
radiation normal to
the sun

Watt-hour per
square meter

1 Wh/m2

Global horizontal
irradiance

Watt-hour per
square meter

1 Wh/m2

Global horizontal
irradiance source
flag
Global horizontal
irradiance
uncertainty

1-2

--

Percent

1%

Description
Date of data record
Time of data record (local
standard time)
Amount of solar radiation
received on a horizontal surface
at the top of the atmosphere
during the 60-minute period
ending at the timestamp
Amount of solar radiation
received on a surface normal to
the sun at the top of the
atmosphere during the 60minute
period ending at the timestamp
Total amount of direct and
diffuse solar radiation received
on a horizontal surface during
the 60-minute period ending at
the timestamp
Data modeled using SUNY
Satellite model (time shifted)
Uncertainty based on random
and bias error estimates see
NSRDB Users Manual (Wilcox,
2007b)

Direct normal
irradiance

Watt-hour per
square meter

1 Wh/m2

Direct normal
irradiance source
flag
Direct normal
irradiance
uncertainty

1-2

--

Percent

1%

11

Diffuse horizontal
irradiance

Watt-hour per
square meter

1 Wh/m2

12

Diffuse horizontal
irradiance source
flag
Diffuse horizontal
irradiance
uncertainty

1-2

--

Percent

1%

Uncertainty based on random

and bias error estimates see
NSRDB Users Manual (Wilcox,
2007b)

Average total amount of

direct and diffuse
illuminance received on a
horizontal surface during
the 60-minute period
ending at the timestamp
Data modeled using SUNY
Satellite model (time
shifted)

10

13

14

Global horizontal Lux

illuminance

100 lx

15

Global horizontal 1-2

illuminance
source
flag
Global horizontal Percent
illuminance
uncertainty

--

Direct normal
illuminance

100 lx

16

17

Lux

1%

Amount of solar radiation

(modeled) received in a
collimated beam on a surface
normal to the sun during the
60minute period ending at the
timestamp
Data modeled using SUNY
Satellite model (time shifted)
Uncertainty based on random
and bias error estimates see
NSRDB Users Manual (Wilcox,
2007b)
Amount of solar radiation
received from the sky (excluding
the solar disk) on a horizontal
surface during the 60-minute
period ending at the timestamp
Data modeled using SUNY
Satellite model (time shifted)

Uncertainty based on
random and bias error
estimates see section
2.10)
Average amount of direct
normal illuminance
received within a 5.7
field of view centered on
the sun during 60minute
period ending at the
timestamp

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

Direct normal
illuminance
source
flag
Direct normal
illuminance
uncertainty
Diffuse
horizontal
illuminance

1-2

--

Data modeled using SUNY

Satellite model (time
shifted)

Percent

1%

Lux

100 lx

Diffuse
horizontal
illuminance
source
flag
Diffuse
horizontal
illuminance
uncertainty
Zenith
luminance

1-2

--

Uncertainty based on
random and bias error
estimates
Average amount of
illuminance received from
the sky (excluding the
solar disk) on a horizontal
surface during the 60minute period ending at
the timestamp
Data modeled using SUNY
Satellite model (time
shifted)

Percent

1%

Uncertainty based on
random and bias error
estimates

Candela per
square
meter

10 cd/m2

Zenith
luminance
source flag
Zenith
luminance
uncertainty
Total sky cover

1-2

--

Percent

1%

Average amount of
luminance at the sky's
zenith during the
60minute period ending
at the timestamp
Data modeled using SUNY
Satellite model (time
shifted)
Uncertainty based on
random and bias error
estimates
Amount of sky dome
covered by clouds or
obscuring phenomena at
the time indicated
Data as received from
NCDC, converted to SI
units
Uncertainty consistent
with NWS practices and
the instrument or
observation used to

27

Total sky cover

flag (source)

28

Total sky cover

flag
(uncertainty)

Tenths of sky 1 tenth

obtain the data

29

Opaque sky
cover

30

Opaque sky cover

flag (source)
Opaque sky cover
flag (uncertainty)

31

32

Tenths of sky 1 tenth

Dry-bulb
temperature
Dry-bulb
temperature flag
(source)
Dry-bulb
temperature flag
(uncertainty)

Degree C

Dew-point
temperature
Dew-point
temperature flag
(source)
Dew-point
temperature flag
(uncertainty)

Degree C

38

Relative humidity

Percent

1%

39

Relative
humidity
flag (source)
Relative
humidity
flag (uncertainty)

Millibar

1 mbar

33

34

35
36

37

40

41

Station pressure

42

Station pressure flag

(source)
Station pressure flag
(uncertainty)

43

0.1

0.1

Amount of sky dome

covered by clouds or
obscuring phenomena
that prevent observing
the sky or higher cloud
layers at the time
indicated
Data as received from NCDC,
converted to SI units
Uncertainty consistent with NWS
practices and the instrument or
observation used to obtain the
data
Dry-bulb temperature at the time
indicated
Data as received from NCDC,
converted to SI units
Uncertainty consistent with NWS
practices and the instrument or
observation used to obtain the
data
Dew-point temperature at the
time indicated
Data as received from NCDC,
converted to SI units
Uncertainty consistent with NWS
practices and the instrument or
observation used to obtain the
data
Relative humidity at the time
indicated
Data as received from NCDC,
converted to SI units
Uncertainty consistent with NWS
practices and the instrument or
observation used to obtain the
data
Station pressure at the time
indicated
Data as received from NCDC,
converted to SI units
Uncertainty consistent with NWS
practices and the instrument or
observation used to obtain the
data

44

Wind direction

45

Wind direction flag

(source)
Wind direction flag
(uncertainty)

46

47

Wind speed

48

Wind speed flag

(source)
Wind speed flag
(uncertainty)

49

Degrees from
north (360 =
north; 0 =
undefined,
calm)

Meter/second

10

0.1 m/s

50

Horizontal visibility

Meter*

1m

51

Horizontal
visibility
flag (source)
Horizontal
visibility
flag (uncertainty)
Ceiling height
Meter*

1m

52
53
54
55

Ceiling height flag

(source)
Ceiling height flag
(uncertainty)

56

Precipitable water

57

Precipitable
water
flag (source)
Precipitable
water
flag (uncertainty)

58

59

Aerosol optical
depth, broadband

Centimeter

0.1 cm

[unitless]

0.001

Wind direction at the time

indicated

Data as received from NCDC,

converted to SI units
Uncertainty consistent with NWS
practices and the instrument or
observation used to obtain the
data
Wind speed at the time indicated
Data as received from NCDC,
converted to SI units
Uncertainty consistent with NWS
practices and the instrument or
observation used to obtain the
data
Distance to discernable remote
objects at the time indicated
(7777 = unlimited)
Data as received from NCDC,
converted to SI units

Height of the cloud base above

local terrain (77777 = unlimited)
Data as received from NCDC,
converted to SI units
Uncertainty consistent with NWS
practices and the instrument or
observation used to obtain the
data
The total precipitable water
contained in a column of unit
cross section extending from the
earth's surface to the top of the
atmosphere
Data as received from NCDC,
converted to SI units
Uncertainty consistent with NWS
practices and the instrument or
observation used to obtain the
data
The broadband aerosol optical
depth per unit of air mass due to
extinction by the aerosol
component of the atmosphere

60

61

Aerosol optical
depth, broadband
flag (source)
Aerosol optical
depth, broadband
flag (uncertainty)

62

Albedo

63

Albedo flag (source)

64

Albedo flag
(uncertainty)

65

Data as received from NCDC,

converted to SI units

[unitless]

0.01

Liquid precipitation
depth

Millimeter*

1 mm

66

Liquid precipitation
quantity

Hour*

1 hr

67

Liquid precipitation
depth flag (source)
Liquid precipitation
depth flag
(uncertainty)

68

Uncertainty consistent with NWS

practices and the instrument or
observation used to obtain the
data
The ratio of reflected solar
irradiance to global horizontal
irradiance
Data as received from NCDC,
converted to SI units
Uncertainty consistent with NWS
practices and the instrument or
observation used to obtain the
data
The amount of liquid
precipitation observed at the
indicated time for the period
indicated in the liquid
precipitation quantity field
The period of accumulation for
the liquid precipitation depth field
Data as received from NCDC,
converted to SI units
Uncertainty consistent with NWS
practices and the instrument or
observation used to obtain the
data