Education in Malaysia is a continuous effort towards enhancing potentials of

individuals in a holistic and integrated manner in order to create individuals who are
well-equipped intellectually, spiritually and emotionally. This effort aims to produce
knowledgeable, ethical and responsible Malaysian citizens who are can contribute
towards the harmony and prosperity of the community and nation.

The National Philosophy of Education (NPE) acts as a guide for all educational activities
in Malaysia. It sets the values and principles of the Malaysian education system from the
primary to the tertiary level. The NPE explains the aims and objectives of the national education
for the individual and the nation. Its aims and objectives are in tandem, namely, to produce
individuals who are knowledgeable and full of integrity who will contribute as responsible
citizens. Education is considered to be a basic and major process in developing individuals to
be the key players in achieving the countrys aims and aspirations. With the NPE, the national
education system has propelled to the forefront of education in the region.
The basis of NPEs philosophy is that humans are steadfast in their belief in God and
their religion. The ultimate aim of education based on this philosophy therefore is to develop
every aspect of individuals in a harmonious and balanced manner so as to preserve their
wellbeing. Knowledge and education should path the way to goods ethics and moral values as
responsible and learned members of the community and nation.
A core concept of the NPE is the value and role of knowledge in the development of
individuals and their role in the community. More importantly, the value of knowledge lies in the
truth of the matter which serves not only to inform but also to transform and shape individuals to
serve the community. This power of knowledge that is able to transform individuals and their
networks makes it a very valuable commodity. Education is a lifelong process and man is
constantly in need to expand, explore and verify existing knowledge. Experience does not only
enrich and strengthen knowledge but also re-examine and increase the capacity of existing
knowledge possessed by individuals.
NPE views individuals as having multi-layers of networks. Apart from personal
development and well-being, the goal of education is to balance the harmony at each level of
networking that begins with his family and extends to the community and nation.

Based on the NPE, it is evident that the aim of higher education is to educate individuals
for self-development in a holistic approach to serve their community and nation. As learned, the
student can develop to be responsible and ethical citizens. Philosophy of Education focuses on
the values, beliefs and attitudes in relation to the growth process of individuals and society.
These values, beliefs and attitudes determine the direction of our education, particularly the
aims, goals, objectives, content delivery and assessment of
The teachers role is teach inductive and deductive reasoning, scientific method, and the
power of observation and practice. This can be achieved through the teaching methods of
hands-on curricula, group work, and experimentation. The teacher also need to plan teaching
and learning activities that encourage students to participate in learning, prepare the content of
subject-centered lesson and delivers it through direct instruction. Besides that, teacher must
ask questions, present social issues and problem solving challenges, and serve as organizer
and information resource. This can be done through the teaching methods of stimulating
divergent thinking and group discussion. Moreover, an educator needs to encourage the
students to philosophize about life and to recognize and fulfill personal freedom. This can be
done through the teaching methods of discussion and analysis, examination of choice-making in
own and others life. Last but not least, the most important is the teacher needs to be a role
model to his/her students.
Teacher who can inspire and influence students through expert and referent power but
never coercive power. This teacher knows his/her students well and is kind and respectful
towards his students. He has high standards and expectations coexisting with encouragement,
support and flexibility. The teacher empowers students and gets them to do things of which they
did not think they were capable. Coach/guide who helps students to improve on their skills and
insights .Disseminator of knowledge and skills. Role model to the student is need to practices
what he/she preaches. He/She upholds moral values and humanitarian principles in all his
actions. Teachers conduct their day by doing in such a way that their behavior can be cherished
by the learners.
Teachers will educate students to high standards of achievement. The teacher shall use
best professional practices and materials and the teacher is knowledgeable of and delivers the
standards-based curriculum .Teacher shall engage in practices and select materials that include
all students, celebrate diversity and never exclude them from opportunities on the basis of their
race, gender, ethnicity, religion, national origin, language, ability or the status, behavior or

beliefs of their parents .The teacher is committed to developing the skill sets needed to best
accelerate the learning of the students currently in their classrooms .The teacher creates a
classroom environment that is respectful, emotionally secure and physically safe for students.