Y

88.91

Strontium

Zr
91.22

Yttrium

Zirconium

# 72

Ba
137.3

Lanthanides

(57-71)

Barium

88

Alkaline
earth
metals

Alkali
metals

Hafnium

COVALENT
IONIC

Rutherfordium

Nb
92.91

Niobium

73

Ta
180.9

Tantalum

105
Db
262
Dubium

Mo
95.94

Tc
98.91

W
183.9

Tungsten

106
Sg
266
Seaborgium

75

Re
186.2

Rhenium

107
Bh
264
Bohrium

44

Ru
101.1

Ruthenium

76

Os
190.2

Rh
102.9

Rhodium

77

Ir
192.2

Osmium

108
Hs
269
Hassium

Iridium

109
Mt
268
Meitnerium

Pd
106.4

Ag
107.9

Palladium

78

Pt
195.1

Silver

79

Platinum

110
Uun
269
Ununilium

Au
197
Gold

111
Uuu
272
Unununium

Cd
112.4
Hg
200.6

Mercury

In
114.8

Sn
118.7

Indium

81

Tl
204.4

Thallium

112
Uub
277
Ununbium

Tin

82

Pb
207.2
Lead

Sb
121.8

Antimony

83

Bi
209

Bismuth

89

Ac
227

NM
non - metals
are
greedy

Cerium

90

Th
232

Thorium

Praseodymium Neodymium

91

Pa
231

Protactinium

NO3- = Nitrate
CO32- = Carbonate
SO42- = Sulfate
NH4+ = Ammonium
OH- = Hydroxide

92

U
238

Uranium

Promethium

93

Np
237

Neptunium

Samarium

94

Pu
244

Plutonium

Europium

95

Am
243

Americium

PO43- = Phosphate
MnO4- = Permanganate
CrO42- = Chromate
Cr2O72- = Dichromate

Gadolinium

96

Cm
247

Curium

Terbium

97

Bk
249

Berkelium

Dysprosium

98

Cf
251

Californium

Strong Acids
HNO3 = Nitric acid
HCl = Hydrochloric acid
H2SO4 = Sulfuric acid
H3PO4 = Orthophosphoric acid
H2SO3 = Sulfurous acid

Holmium

99

Group 8
Do Not
React!

Te
127.6
Po
209

Polonium

116
Uuh
289

Ununquadium

Ununhexium

Es
254

Einsteinium

Erbium

Fermium

Thulium

101
Md
258
Mendelevium

Ytterbium

102
No
259
Nobelium

Strong Alkalis
NaOH =Sodium hydroxide
KOH = Potassium hydroxide
Pussy Cats
Anions
are
Positive
are
Negative

Argon

Br
79.9

Bromine

Kr
83.8

Krypton

2.8
2.8.8

2.8.7

Ar
39.95

36

53

54

I
126.9

Xe
131.3

Iodine

85

Gain 1e
Anions, 1-

Chlorine

Tellurium

84

2.7

2.6

Selenium

52

Neon

18

Cl
35.45

35

114
Uuq
289

100
Fm
257

Group 7

2.8.6

2.8.5

51

Se
78.96

Flourine

Ne
20.18

2.8.18.8

Arsenic

Gain 2e
Anions, 2-

Group 6

-,

Share 5e 3e
Covalent Bonds

As
74.92

Sulfur

F
19

17

34

Helium

10

2.8.18.7

Germainium

S
32.06

Phosphorus

33

50

Oxygen

2.8.18.6

Ge
72.59

2.5

2.4

2.3

49

Cadmium

80

Silicon

P
30.97

O
16

16

2.8.18.5

Galium

2.8.4

Si
28.09

2.8.18.4

Zinc

48

Ga
69.72

Nitrogen

15

32
2.8.18.3

Copper

47

Zn
63.38

31
2.8.18.2

Nickel

46

Cu
63.55

30
2.8.17.2

Cobalt

45

Ni
58.71

29
2.8.16.2

Iron

Co
85.93

28
2.8.15.2

Manganese

43

Molybdenum Technetium

74

Fe
55.85

27
2.8.14.2

Chromium

42

Mn
54.94

26
2.8.13.2

Vanadium

41

Cr
52

25

Group 5

Group 4

Al
26.98

Carbon

14

N
14.01

Electronegetivity : Tendency to attract electrons. Flourine is the most electronegative, extra e- in 2nd shell, tightly held
Oxidant: oxidises something else and is reduced itself, and are strong electron takers
DISSOCIATION: Seperation of ions
ASSOCIATION: Joining of ions
Reducdant: reduces something else and is oxidised itself, tend to be weak electron holders
Balancing redox equations: Main atom, O with H2O, H with H+, e- on positive side
IONISATION: Making ions (from covalent substances)
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
La
Ce
Pr
Nd
Pm
Sm
Eu
Gd
Tb
Dy
Ho
Er
Tm
Yb
138.9
140.1
140.9
144.2
145
150.4
152
157.3
158.9
162.5
164.9
167.3
168.9
173

Actinium

Rf
261

Actinides

(89-103)

Lanthanum
COVALENT
METALLIC

Lose 3e
Cations, 3+

13

C
12.01

Xenon

86

At
210

Astatine

Rn
222
Radon

118
Uuo
293
Ununoctium

71

Lu
175

Lutetium

103
Lr
260

**

Lawrencium

Ask a
Chemist
They have
Solutions

If your study is brief

Exam results cause you grief

BONDING
Elements Compounds

Hf
178.5

** 104

Ra
226

Radium

Titanium

40

V
50.94

24

2.8.12.2

Scandium

39

Ti
47.9

23

2.8.11.2

Sc
44.96

56

Francium

metals
are
losers

Boron

No Study Pain
No Exam Gain

2.8.3

2.2
2.5.2

Sr
87.62

B
10.81

He
4.003

Noble
gases

Fr
223

Codeword: OILRIG

Aluminium

22

2.8.10.2

Calcium

Cesium

V = 22.7L at 0 oC (STP)
= 24.8L at 25 oC (RTP)

Halogens
(ions called
halides)

Cs
132.9

Transition metals, have multiple

valencies, one is always 2+ (Ag = 1+)
21

38

Rubidium

55

Group 3

Ca
40.08

Potassium

Rb
85.47

Hydrogen

Name of element

Magnesium

20

37

87

Lose 2e
Cations, 2+

Mg
24.31

2.8.9.2

K
39.1

Na
22.99
Sodium

Number of protons + neutrons, averaged

over all isotopes

11

C = Concentration, mol/L
VL = Volume in Litres, L
1
Symbol of element
H
Electron configuration
1.008
VL

Berylium

2.8.1

Sodium

Be
9.012

Atomic Weight

12

2.8.8.1

Na
22.99

Atomic Number
Number of protons

2.8.8.2

Lithium

11

19

Group 2

Li
6.941

4
2.1

Lose 1e
Cations, 1+

Group 1

F = Formula mass, g/mol

Share 4e
Covalent Bonds

n
C
Key

m = mass you measure, g

n = number of moles, mols

2.8.1
2.6

m
n

PERIODIC CHEAT SHEET

n = number of moles, mols