8-Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course

State of New York
David A. Paterson
Governor
Denise E. ODonnell
Commissioner
Division of Criminal Justice Services
Eight Hour Pre-Assignment

Training Course for
Security Guards
Lesson Plans
NEW YORK STATE DIVISION OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE SERVICES
4 Tower Place
Albany, New York 12203-3764
www.criminaljustice.state.ny.us
New York State

Division of Criminal Justice Services
Office of Public Safety/Security Guard Program
4 Tower Place / Albany/New York 12203
Training Bulletin
Bulletin Number:
700-1-10
Date Issued: January 2010

Topic:
Eight Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards
The Eight Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards is a

requirement for all individuals seeking employment as security guards in New York
State.
All instructors providing New York State mandated pre-assignment training must
be certified through the New York State Division of Criminal Justice Services (DCJS)
/Security Guard Program (SGP) in accordance with Part 6029 of the New York State
Official Compilation of Codes, Rules and regulations.
The mandated eight hour pre-assignment course may only be administered by
an approved security guard training school in an approved classroom setting. The
classroom must provide 16 square feet per student, with no more than 35 students
per class. The facility must also include appropriate seating accommodations,
restrooms, heating and ventilation.
The Eight Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards may be
presented in one of two formats. It may be presented as provided in its entirety, or, if
a security guard training school wishes to develop their own program or has one
established, the provided pre-assignment course topics and objectives must be
incorporated in their totality.
This course requires one hour for review and examination. The security guard
school must develop a bank of 50 multiple choice and true/false questions or use the
provided questions to construct different versions of the twenty-five question final
examination. The questions developed by the school must be reflective of the course
objectives.
9 NYCRR 6027.12(b) requires directors of approved security guard training schools to retain training bulletins for a period
of not less than two years.
For further information, refer to the Administrators Guide in Appendix A. If you

have any questions, you may contact Security Guard Program staff at (518) 457-4135,
or by writing to the address listed on the bulletin.
This bulletin supersedes Training Bulletin 700-1-95.
9 NYCRR 6027.12(b) requires directors of approved security guard training schools to retain training bulletins for a period
of not less than two years.
COPYRIGHT NOTICE
Copyright October, 1995 by the New York State Division of Criminal Justice
Services. This publication may be reproduced without the express written
permission of the New York State Division of Criminal Justice Services provided
that this copyright notice appears on all copies or segments of the publication.
The Division of Criminal Justice Services hereby authorizes the development of
derivative materials from this document, which may include additions, expansion,
or clarification of such materials, but shall not include any deletion of textual
materials. As a condition of this authorization to develop derivative materials, a
derivative document must contain the notice, This document is derived from the
Eight Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards-Course Lesson
Plans as copyrighted by the New York State Division of Criminal Justice Services.
The Division of Criminal Justice Services does not authorize the assertion of a
copyright interest in any such derivative document.
EIGHT HOUR PRE-ASSIGNMENT

TRAINING COURSE FOR
SECURITY GUARDS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TOPIC AREAS & TIME ALLOCATIONS
I.
INTRODUCTION
HOUR
II.
ROLE OF A SECURITY GUARD
1 HOURS
III.
LEGAL POWERS AND LIMITATIONS
2 HOURS
IV.
EMERGENCY SITUATIONS
1 HOUR
V.
COMMUNICATIONS & PUBLIC RELATIONS
1 HOUR
VI.
ACCESS CONTROL
HOUR
VII.
ETHICS AND CONDUCT
1 HOUR
VIII.
REVIEW AND EXAMINATION
1 HOUR
APPENDIX A ADMINISTRATORS GUIDE

APPENDIX B FINAL EXAMINATION QUESTION BANK
Unit One
8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards
8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training

Course for Security Guards
1.1
Lesson Title:
Introduction
Section:
Unit 1
Prepared by:
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services
Office of Public Safety
Security Guard Program
Approved by:
Instructor:
Method of Presentation:
Lecture
Date Prepared:
06/2009
Duration:
Hour
Instructional Objectives:
Upon completion of this section, the student will be able to:
1. Complete the Part II OMR Form.
2. Identify all school policies regarding training. Describe the training
requirements prior to obtaining a security guard registration card.
3. List the topic areas covered by the 8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training
Course for Security Guards.
4. Describe the training requirements after obtaining a security guard
registration card.
Instructor References
Instructor Manual
Training Aids/Supplies/Equipment:
Computer Slide Presentation
NYS Division of Criminal Justice Services, Office of Public Safety: Copyright 2009 (June 2009)

1.2
Curriculum Outline
I.
Introduction and Orientation

A.
Introductions.
1.
2.
B.
Instructors.
a.
Self.
b.
Experience.
c.
Lesson Objectives.
Students introduce themselves.
Registration.
1.
Security Guard Class Roster / Notification of

Successful Completion.
2.
Red Part I Optical Mark Reader (OMR) form

(instructor).
3.
Orange Part II OMR form (student).
4.
Hand out the class roster and hand out Part II

OMR to each student.
a.
The Social Security Number is the most

important issue. Instructor should verify
the proper number was filled in on the
form.

C.
D.
1.3
Course topics.
1.
Introduction (1/4 Hour).
2.
Role of a Security Guard (1 1/4 Hour).
3.
Legal Powers and Limitations (2 Hour).
4.
Emergency Situations (1 Hour).
5.
Communications and Public Relations

(1 Hour).
6.
Access Control (1/2 Hour).
7.
Ethics and Conduct (1Hour).
8.
Review and Examination (1 Hour).
School rules/housekeeping.
1.
Attendance is mandatory.
2.
Final written examination must be completed

and a passing score of 70 is required to
receive a certificate.
3.
Restrooms.
4.
Fire exits.
5.
Parking or transportation issues.

6.
II.
1.4
Food, drinks, and lunch.
Overview
A.
The Security Guard Act of 1992 became law on

July 17, 1992, with the approval of the Governor.
A partial text of the legislative intent is as follows:
the legislature hereby finds that the provision of
the contractual and proprietary security services is
a rapidly growing industry in the state, particularly
in metropolitan areas. Both private enterprise and
government increasingly rely upon security
services as a supplement to traditional law
enforcement to protect people and property.
The security industry provides a general and
specialized workforce to enforce the rules,
regulations and procedures of employers and
clients, control access and prevent trespass to an
employer's or client's property, prevent loss of or

1.5
damage to persons and property, represent the

employer or client by providing guidance to
authorized visitors and other employees, manage
traffic flow and deter criminal activity on the
employer's or client's property.
The legislature finds that the proper screening,
hiring and training of security guards is a matter of
state concern and compelling state interest to
ensure that such security guards meet certain
minimum recruitment and training standards as
this industry and the demands placed upon it
grows daily.
Therefore, the legislature hereby finds and
declares that because of the need to regulate and
register security guards, the state should establish
uniform standards for the employment,
registration, training, enforcement and liability

1.6
insurance coverage of security guards and the

security guard industry within the state (General
Business Law 71.00).
B.
C.
Security guards in New York State must complete

the following courses:
1.
8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for

Security Guards before being registered by
DOS.
2.
16 Hour On-The-Job Training Course for

Security Guards within 90 days of being hired
as a security guard for the first time.
3.
8 Hour Annual In-Service Training Course for

Security Guards to maintain a Security Guard
Registration Card and it must be completed
within twelve calendar months from the
completion date of the 16 Hour On-The-Job
Training Course for Security Guards.
Holders of a Special Armed Security Guard

Registration Card are required to complete the
following courses:
1.
47 Hour Firearms Training Course for Armed

Security Guards.
2.
8 Hour Annual Firearms Training Course for

Armed Security Guards.

D.
Exemptions and waivers.

1.
III.
1.7
Certain members of the New York State law

enforcement community may be exempt from
the requirement of the Security Guard Act or
eligible for a waiver of training.
8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security

Guards
The 8 Hour Pre-Assignment Course for Security
Guards is comprised of the following modules of
instruction:
A.
Introduction (1/4 hour) - Provides an overview of

the Security Guard Act of 1992, Chapter 336, and
explains the objectives of the course.
B.
Role of a Security Guard (1 1/4 hours) - Provides

an overview of the security industry and defines
duties typically performed.
C.
Legal Powers and Limitations (2 hours) Defines the differences between security guards
and law enforcement officials and explains
custody and arrests procedures.
D.
Emergency Situations (1 hour) - Provides an

overview of different types of emergencies and
methods of response.
E.
Communications and Public Relations (1 hour)Explains the communication process and identifies
how perceptions affect interactions.

IV.
1.8
F.
Access Control (1/2 hour) - Identifies the

elements of access control and identification and
defines three types of access control.
G.
Ethics and Conduct (1 hour) - Defines and

explains the importance of the Code of Ethics for
Security Guards.
H.
Review and Examination (1 hour).
Summary
A.
Review objectives.
References
Laws of New York, Chapter 336. Security Guard Act of 1992.
Unit Two
Role of a Security Guard

2.1
Lesson Title:
Role of a Security Guard
Section:
Unit 2
Prepared by:
Approved by:
Instructor:
Lecture
Date
06/2009
Duration:
1 Hour
1. Identify the functions of a security guard and the responsibilities
that accompany the position.
2. Define the concepts of detect, deter, and report.
3. Identify the duties typically performed by security guards.
Instructor Manual

2.2
Curriculum Outline
I.
II.
Introduction
A.
Self.
B.
Experience.
C.
Lesson objectives.
Functions of a Security Guard

A.
The role of a security guard is to provide their

client/employer with professional protective
services and is dedicated to the principle of
maintaining order and security within the area of
their control. A security guard must be firm but fair
and cognizant that their actions are geared to the
safety of people and their property. The primary
responsibility of a security guard is to protect
persons and/or property from harm. But keep in
mind, that a security guard has no greater task
than the protection of persons and property.

B.
2.3
Public relations.
1.
Public relations have become an important

part of a security guard's job. A security
guard is often under the watchful eyes of the
public they serve. Therefore, they must
conduct themselves in a manner that is
above reproach. The actions and
appearance of a security guard will have a
great deal to do with the amount of
cooperation and respect they receive from
the public and co-workers within the
workplace. A security guard must treat all
persons with courtesy and tact. They must
be firm but polite and carry out job
responsibilities to the best of their ability.

C.
2.4
Character.
1.
A security guard company should be honest,

well disciplined and loyal to its customers
and/or the people that it serves. Since
security guards are the custodians of
company/client employees and property,
there is a need for strength of character.
Failure to prevent damage or theft of
property, acceptance of bribes or fees,
permitting violation of company policies and
procedures, or engaging in unlawful activity
of any kind should not occur or be tolerated.
Moral courage is required to report fully and
accurately all violations of company rules and
to enforce all laws, policies, procedures, rules
and regulations on company property.
Alertness is essential, and might mean the

2.5
difference between life and death for a

security guard and the people that they
protect.
2.
Due to the routine nature of some duties

security guards perform, such as patrol, they
tend to become somewhat monotonous.
However, since the very purpose of
conducting such "routine" responsibilities is to
protect persons and the facility and may
involve an element of danger, security guards
must constantly be alert for the protection of
all involved.
D.
Attitude.
1.
Attitude is another function of a security

guard, as they are often the first contact a
visitor or employee has with the organization.
The manner in which the visitor or employee

2.6
is greeted or dealt with may greatly affect

their appraisal of a company/organization and
their subsequent attitude towards it. It is
important to remember to be courteous, it is
the expression of consideration for others
that eliminates friction and makes personal
associations pleasant.
2.
By demonstrating constant consideration for

others, the security guard can obtain the
cooperation of everyone, which is essential.
However, a firm attitude does not require
belligerence. For example, repeated
questions from a visitor or employee, even
when such questions appear ridiculous,
should not result in curt or discourteous
responses. Security guards should be
instructed to act without haste or undue

2.7
emotion, not to use abusive language, not to

become argumentative and to avoid using
force unless absolutely necessary. Security
guards should be trained to perform their
duties without assuming a threatening
attitude, and they should be instructed to be
impersonal in carrying out their assignments
at all times. Integral to developing a proper
attitude, a security guard must be genuinely
interested in their job. Unless they take an
interest and get satisfaction from their
performance, their attitude towards the public
and employees that are served may be poor.
E.
Appearance.
1.
Security guards follow two types of security

programming; they are the "hard" and "soft"
approach of security orientation and

2.8
application. The hard approach utilizes a

police type uniform and training of a
paramilitary nature. This approach has been
historically used in the private and
governmental sector. In recent years, the
shift has been to soften the approach and
demeanor of security guards and to alter their
appearance to a blazer, slacks, shirt and tie
which in certain environments, is more
conducive to a cooperative and/or
professional public relations posture. With
the exception of undercover security guards,
they must be immediately identifiable as
security professionals and further be aware
that their appearance is a reflection upon
their client/employer. Since good personal
appearance is generally accepted as a

2.9
counterpart of ability, each security guard

should be clean and well dressed.
2.
Appearance is important because visitors will

gain a good impression of the organization.
Employees in the facility will have more
respect for the security guards and for the
security organization. An individual security
guard can influence, either favorably or
unfavorably, the opinions of a large segment
of people.
F.
Knowledge of the job.

1.
Learning is a never ending process for

security guards. For example, requirements
or rules as well as locations and areas
requiring protection, change frequently. It is
vital that the security guards be thoroughly
familiar with the facility if they are to do an

2.10
efficient job of protecting it. In addition, they

must have complete knowledge of the
organization/company so that they can
perform the public relations aspect of the job
such as giving information to visitors or
employees. They must be familiar with all
state and local laws, company/client rules
and regulations, safety, fire and emergency
plans and first aid guidelines.
III.
A Security Guard's Primary Directives

A.
Detect - This includes diligent patrol, utilizing good

observation and perception skills. This is known
as taking a proactive approach to the performance
of duties.
B.
Deter - This is accomplished by maintaining high

visibility, high profile uniform appearance and
random patrol. The most detrimental action that a

2.11
security guard can take is to fall into a pattern or

routine in performing their duties. Deterrence can
be looked upon as preventing a crime or incident
from occurring.
C.
Report - Record information. All pertinent

information must be reported in order to protect
persons and/or property from harm, theft and/or
related activity on the employers' and/or clients'
property. Report methods such as written, verbal
and electronic should detail the who, what, when,
where, why and how of an incident.
1.
Positive continuum cycle constantly

detecting, deterring, reporting.
2.
Proactive vs. reactive.

a.
Proactive activity that prevents crime

from occurring.

(1)
2.12
Patrolling to seek out criminal

activity.
(2)
Access control.
(3)
Motivation to deal with the situation

is internal.
b.
Reactive response to criminal activity.

(1)
The situation controls the

response.
(2)
Motivation to deal with the situation

is external.
IV.
Security Guard Duties

A.
The duties and role of public law enforcement

officials are becoming more specialized in nature,
creating a void in the more commonplace or
routine tasks historically performed by them. The
era of the untrained, watchman type security
guard is no longer realistic or effective in

2.13
accomplishing the mission of protection of life and

property. Today's technology and the ever
changing needs within the varied industries that
employ security guards demand that security
personnel adapt in order to properly serve their
needs. Some of the regular duties involved with
the security guard operation are patrol, pilferage
and theft control, access control and maintaining
general order.
B.
Security guards must have knowledge of the

facilities being protected, such as:
1.
Policies and procedures of the

employer/client, post assignments and the
security guard operation.
2.
Demographics and layout of the facilities and

hours of operation.
3.
Safety and fire regulations.

2.14
4.
Alarm and fire fighting procedures.
5.
Notification procedures for Police/Fire/EMS

response.
C.
General tasks of security guards include:

1.
Escort service.
2.
Alarm response.
3.
Crime prevention.
4.
Constant localized patrol.

a.
Mobile.
b.
Foot.
c.
Bicycle.
d.
Fixed.
e.
Closed circuit television.
5.
Crowd control.
6.
Traffic control.
7.
Customer/client service.
8.
Basic investigations (information gathering).

9.
D.
2.15
Any others, as assigned.
Site specific tasks of security guards.

1.
Examples of site specific tasks that require a

security guard to detect, prevent or deter are:
a.
Theft - to include pilferage committed by

visitors, vendors, salespersons, and
other employees. A security guard can
circumvent these occurrences by being
aware of delivery schedules, visitors
policies and access level of persons in
and around the facility.
b.
Substance abuse - this condition places

the employee and coworkers in possible
jeopardy depending upon the work
environment. Narcotics in the
workplace allows for the proliferation of
criminal activity.

c.
2.16
Employee theft - a major portion of theft

from an employer can be attributed to
employees, whether it was in the form of
theft of property or theft of time.
d.
White collar crime - sabotage, bribes,

coercion, kickbacks, payoffs, computer
fraud and embezzlement.
E.
Emergency situations.
1.
Fires & explosions.
2.
Terrorism.
a.
3.
Weapons of mass destruction (WMD).

(1)
Chemical dispersal.
(2)
Biological dispersal.
(3)
Radiological.
(4)
Nuclear.
(5)
Explosives.
Bomb threats.

2.17
4.
Riots.
5.
Civil disturbances.
6.
Strike/picket actions.
7.
Hazardous material accidents.
8.
Natural disasters accidents.
9.
Medical emergencies.
10. Evacuations (where applicable).

a.
Security guards must be prepared to

handle these situations and still provide
other services as called upon by an
employer/client. Security guards must
always be cognizant of the fact that they
are acting pursuant to their employment
and that they are NOT police or peace
officers.
b.
Security guards perform their duties as

private persons and must realize their

2.18
limitations in carrying out duties.

Security guards should be familiar with
all department policies, procedures,
rules and regulations, the policies of
their clients, as well as the applicable
Federal, State and local laws that may
govern their actions. Security guards
may be required to take additional
instruction in industry or site specific
areas to serve their employer/client in
an informed and professional manner.
Therefore, all reference materials such
as training and operational manuals,
post orders and policies and procedures
should be made available and routinely
reviewed.

V.
2.19
Summary
A.
Review objectives.
References
Healy, Richard and Walsh, Timothy. The Protection of Assets Manual.
Santa Monica, CA: The Merritt Company, 1994.
Purpura, Philip. The Security Handbook. Albany, NY: Delmar Publishers
Inc., 1991.
New York State Office of Public Security. Homeland Security Strategy. March
2004.
United States Department of Justice. Emergency Response to Terrorism Job Aid
(2000)
United States Department of Justice. Emergency Response to Terrorism (2002)
Satterfield, P.M. Security Officers Field Training Guide. 1988.
Unit Three
Legal Powers and Limitations

3.1
Lesson Title:
Legal Powers and Limitations
Section:
Unit 3
Prepared by:
Approved by:
Instructor:
Lecture
Date:
06/2009
Duration:
2 Hours
1. Describe the origin of a security guard's arrest authority and the
liability for their action.
2. Describe the factors supporting an arrest.
3. Describe a felony and a misdemeanor.
4. Describe circumstances when arrest without a warrant is
authorized by a security guard.
5. Describe proper procedures for taking persons into custody who
have been detained by security guards.
6. List the circumstances when a security guard is authorized to use
physical force.
7. List the circumstances when a security guard is authorized to use
deadly physical force.
8. List procedures to follow upon arrest of a suspect.

3.2
Instructor Manual

3.3
Curriculum Outline
I.
II.
Introduction
A.
Self.
B.
Experience.
C.
Lesson objectives.
Overview
A.
One of the main functions of a security guard is to

provide a safe and secure environment for
employees, visitors and residents in the area. In
the course of performing that function, legal action
may have to be taken against persons who
commit a crime or an offense. It is therefore
imperative that the security guard be thoroughly
familiar with their legal authority as well as their
limitations.
1.
The legal authority of security guards is a

gray area which, troubles security

3.4
management and security guards alike. It is

also an area that can place the security guard
in the center of a legal storm. He or she, and
in some cases, the employers may be liable
for any action or lack of action taken when
the security guard is involved in an incident
that may necessitate arrest, detention, or the
use of force. The liability may include
criminal proceedings as well as civil litigation.
2.
The problem is complicated by the nature of

the security assignment and the public's
perception of the security guard's role. A
security guard assigned to street patrol may
be mistakenly viewed as a police officer and
be expected to take police action regarding
crimes, such as robberies and crimes of
violence, and to arrest the perpetrators.

3.5
Additionally, the security guard, who may not

be a peace officer, may be expected to
exercise powers that only the latter
possesses. The peace officer has essentially
the same powers as police officers in making
an arrest without a warrant except that these
powers can only be exercised within the
geographical area of employment.
3.
A security guard assigned to a building is

generally operating on private property,
where the owners have established rules and
regulations for conduct within the building.
Company policy should be clearly defined in
the area of arrest and detention and should
conform to the laws relating to arrest,
detention, or use of force. The purpose of
the lesson is to inform security guards of their

3.6
legal authority. This is important because of

the many limitations imposed on them by the
law. They are not police officers, nor has the
security guard generally attained the status of
peace officer. The Security Guard has only
the same legal rights as a civilian, no more,
no less.
III.
The Origin of Security Guards' Arrest Authority and the

Liability for Their Action or Lack Thereof
A.
U.S. Federal, state and local laws are all based on

English Common Law, a traditional body of
unwritten legal precedents created throughout the
centuries by daily practice or customary usage.
1.
In the 11th century, an English King declared

common law to be the law of the land.
2.
In 1613, Sir Edward Coke, Chief Justice of

England, determined that any acts of

3.7
Parliament which contradicted Common Law

were illegal.
3.
In America, at the Constitutional Convention

of 1787, the vast majority of delegates
decided that English Common Law was a
solid foundation on which to base the new
constitution, particularly in the areas of civil
and human rights laws.
a.
These rights included protection from

unlawful searches and seizures and self
incrimination.
b.
These rights are the first ten

amendments to the U.S. Constitution
and are referred to as the Bill of Rights.
B.
Security guards are given their authority by New

York State law as well as by Common Law.

1.
3.8
A police officer, subject to certain limitations

as to location, may arrest a person without a
warrant for:
a.
Any offense when he has reasonable

cause to believe that such person has
committed such offense in their
presence; and
b.
A crime when he has reasonable cause

to believe that such person has
committed such crime, whether in his
presence or otherwise.
2.
A security guard, like any other citizen, may

arrest another person, subject to certain
limitations, without a warrant (PL 143.30):
a.
for a felony when the latter has in fact

committed such felony and

b.
3.9
For any offense when the latter has in

fact committed such offense in his
presence.
c.
Later in the course we will discuss the

meaning and implications of the use of
reasonable cause" by a police officer
and the need for a security guard to be
right, and not rely only on reasonable
cause.
d.
We will also discuss the implications of

the phrase "in fact committed" when it
applies to a felony or to an offense
committed in a security guard's
presence.
3.
The security guard will have to act within the

guidelines imposed by their employer.
Company rules and regulations may outline

3.10
procedures to be followed by the security

guard relating to arrests, detention or the use
of force.
4.
Security guards should seek direction from

their supervisors when determining the
classification of a crime or offense, the
degree of force necessary to intervene or
stop the crime, and the availability of
complainants and/or witnesses.
a.
Many examples exist when security

guards encounter situations in which
proving that a crime took place is
extremely difficult, e.g., in a street theft
when a complainant is no longer
available to verify the fact that a crime
was actually committed.

b.
3.11
The importance of the foregoing is

demonstrated by the liabilities that may
be imposed on the security guard for
improper conduct.
c.
A security guard who exceeds their

authority could be subject to a civil
lawsuit and criminal prosecution.
(1)
Civil lawsuits may seek money

damages from both the company
and the security guard. Violations
can also include criminal penalties.
(a)
Under the theory of

"respondeat superior," an
employer may be responsible
for the acts of an employee,
when the employee is acting

3.12
within the legitimate scope of

their authority.
d.
A security guard who does not act

properly could be subject to reprimand
and/or loss of employment.
(1)
A security guard may be accused

of negligence by both the company
and the person suing the security
guard and the company.
e.
Compensatory damages, which can be

assigned, involve payment to a person
for injuries sustained because the
security guard acted or failed to act.
f.
Punitive damages are awarded for

several reasons, including fraud,
oppression, malice, or wanton conduct.

3.13
Punitive damages are damages having

the character of punishment or penalty.
C.
Possession and use of firearms or other weapons:

1.
Security guards may carry a firearm and/or

other weapon only with the clear and direct
permission of their employer.
2.
Security guards that carry a firearm must

possess a valid:
a.
NYS Pistol License and a
b.
NYS Armed Security Guard Registration

Card and
c.
Must have successfully completed a 47

Hour Firearms Training Course for
Armed Security Guards and must
complete, every twelve months
thereafter, an 8 Hour Annual Firearms

3.14
Training Course for Armed Security

Guards.
3.
Oleoresin capsicum (pepper spray) may be

possessed by a civilian and may only be
used for defensive purposes. (See Section
265.20 NYS Penal Law).
4.
Impact weapons (batons, night sticks, asp,

etc.) - Security guards are NOT permitted to
possess or use impact weapons.
IV.
Factors Supporting an Arrest

A.
Physical evidence.
1.
Chain of evidence.
a.
All property seized from an arrestee

must be properly documented and
accounted for until it is turned over to a
law enforcement officer. It is important
that a chain of custody be established

3.15
immediately upon seizure of the

evidence.
B.
Confessions.
1.
C.
Fingerprints and photographs.

1.
D.
Written, signed and witnessed.
Must be readily discernable.
Identification of the defendant.

1.
Keep person making identification at the site.
E.
Personal observations by the security guard.
F.
Information from police sources.
G.
Information received from other than police.

1.
Be very careful.
2.
Security guard must show:

a.
Reliability of person making

identification.
b.
Person's basis for knowledge.

V.
3.16
Definitions
A.
Offense.
1.
NYS Penal Law- Subsection 10.01 definition:

Offense means conduct for which a sentence
to a term of imprisonment or to a fine is
provided by any law of this state or by any
law, local law or ordinance of a political
subdivision of this state, or by any order, rule
or regulation of any governmental
instrumentality authorized by law to adopt the
same.
B.
Violation.
1.
NYS Penal Law - Subsection 10.00(3)

definition: Violation means an offense, other
than a "traffic infraction", for which a
sentence to a term of imprisonment in excess
of fifteen days cannot be imposed.

C.
3.17
Misdemeanor.
1.

definition: Misdemeanor means an offense,
other than a "traffic infraction", for which a
sentence to a term of imprisonment in excess
of fifteen days may be imposed, but for which
a sentence to a term of imprisonment in
excess of one year cannot be imposed.
D.
Felony.
1.

definition: Felony means an offense for which
a sentence to a term of imprisonment in
excess of one year may be imposed.

VI.
3.18
Circumstances When Arrest Without a Warrant is

Authorized by a Security Guard
A.
Arrest without a warrant; by any person; when and

where authorized. (NYS Criminal Procedure Law
140.30)
1.
Subject to the provisions of subdivision two,

any person may arrest another person:
a.
For a felony when the latter has in fact

committed such felony.
b.
For any offense when the latter has in

fact committed such offense in their
presence.
2.
Such an arrest, if for a felony, may be made

anywhere in the state. If the arrest is for an
offense other than a felony, it may be made
only in the county in which such offense was
committed.

B.
3.19
Standard of proof - In fact committed.

1.
The standard of proof necessary to support

an arrest by a private person (security guard)
requires that the offense was in fact
committed: no hunch, guess or even
reasonable belief may support an arrest.
Unlike police officers, once the arrest is made
by a private person, the legality of the arrest
is based on whether the offense was actually
committed by the person arrested. If for
example it would have appeared reasonable
to assume that a person was involved in the
commission of a crime and it was later
proven the act was not actually committed by
that person, the arrest is deemed illegal.
Police officers operating in exactly the same
circumstances are allowed additional latitude

3.20
by the requirement that they merely acted on

"reasonable cause to believe."
VII. Procedure for Taking Persons into Custody
A.
Arrest without a warrant; by a person acting other

than as a police officer or a peace officer; when
and how made. (NYS Criminal Procedure Law
140.35).
1.
A person may arrest another person for an

offense pursuant to section 140.30 at any
hour of any day or night.
2.
Such person must inform the person whom

he is arresting of the reason for such arrest
unless he encounters physical resistance,
flight or other factors rendering such
procedure impractical.
3.
In order to affect such an arrest, such person

may use such physical force as is justifiable

3.21
pursuant to subdivision four of section 35.30

of the penal law.
a.
NYS Penal Law 35.30(4) provides as

follows:
(1)
A private person acting on his own

account may use physical force,
other than deadly physical force,
upon another person when and to
the extent that he reasonably
believes such to be necessary to
effect an arrest or to prevent the
escape from custody of a person
whom he reasonably believes to
have committed an offense and
who, in fact, has committed such
offense; and he may use deadly
physical force for such purpose

3.22
when he reasonably believes such

to be necessary to:
(i)
Defend himself or a third

party from what he
reasonably believes to
be the use or imminent
use of deadly physical
force; or
4.
Effect the arrest of a person who has

committed murder, manslaughter in the first
degree, robbery, forcible rape or forcible
sodomy and who is in immediate flight therefrom.
B.
Security guards possess none of the authority

designated to police and peace officers by law and
are not duty bound to act as law enforcement
officers. They should try to avoid the use of force

3.23
as much as possible, getting the description of the

perpetrator(s) and calling the police for assistance.
They should follow company policy as it applies to
the use of force. An employer may expect the
security guard to deter crime by their presence
alone and to avoid any physical confrontations.
VIII. Procedure to Follow upon Arrest of a Suspect
A.
Arrest without a warrant; by person acting other

than as a police officer or a peace officer;
procedure after arrest. (NYS Criminal Procedure
Law 140.40).
1.
A person making an arrest pursuant to

section 140.30 must without unnecessary
delay deliver or attempt to deliver the person
arrested to the custody of an appropriate
police officer. For such purpose, he may
solicit the aid of any police officer and the

3.24
latter, if he is not himself an appropriate

police officer, must assist in delivering the
arrested person to an appropriate officer.
B.
Applicability of Miranda warning.

1.
In 1966, the Supreme Court of the United

States decided that the Miranda warning,
which is designed to protect citizens from
making statements that will incriminate
themselves, applied to police custodial
interrogation. This makes it clear that the
Miranda decision is directed at law
enforcement officers and does not apply to
private citizens. Many court decisions
document the fact that private citizens are not
responsible for giving the arrested or
detained person the warning. For example, a
store security guard need not give the

3.25
Miranda warning to a person arrested for

shoplifting.
C.
Security guards must make all of the required

court appearances connected with the case.
IX.
Summary
A.
Review objectives.
References
Black, Henry C. Black's Law Dictionary. St. Paul, MN: West Publishing Company,
1957.
Looseleaf Law Publications, New York State Criminal Procedure Law. Flushing,
NY:2005.
Looseleaf Law Publications, New York State Penal Law. Flushing, NY:2005.
Bilek, A.J. and Klotter, J.C. Legal Aspects of Private Security. Cincinnati, OH:
Anderson Publishing Company, 1981.
Unit Four
Emergency Situations

Course For Security Guards
4.1
Lesson Title:
Emergency Situations
Section
Unit 4
Prepared by:
Approved by:
Instructor:
Lecture
Date Prepared:
06/2009
Duration:
1 Hour
1. List four general types of emergency situations that a security
guard may encounter.
2. List the factors that govern the security officers response when
alerted to a specific emergency situation.
Instructor Manual

4.2
Curriculum Outline
I.
II.
Introduction
A.
Self.
B.
Experience.
C.
Lesson objectives.
Overview
A.
A security guard's primary function is to protect life

and property. The security guard may often be the
first person to arrive at or discover an emergency
situation. Therefore, it is imperative that he/she be
able to:
B.
Recognize the many types of situations that may

be encountered and:
C.
Assess the threat potential to life and property.

The type of environment the security guard is
working in and the amount of public contact they

4.3
have will determine the odds of the guard

encountering an emergency situation.
III.
Potential Emergency Situations

There are a number of situations which, due to a
combination of social, political and personal interests,
as well as resulting from accidents, are commonly
faced by security guards in the performance of their
duties. This module is intended to introduce the guard
to those which are more likely to be encountered and
the role the security guard plays in responding to
emergencies.
A.
Fires. The key to protecting the client/employer

from loss due to fire is to aggressively act to
prevent their start. Remember, it is easier and
less dangerous to prevent a fire than to fight one.
To be effective in the effort to fight a fire, the
security guard must know how to classify the four

4.4
classes of fire and to recognize potential fire

hazards. Four classes of fire are:
1.
Class A - ordinary combustibles such as

wood, paper, cloth, etc.
2.
Class B - flammable or combustible liquids,

gases, grease, etc.
3.
Class C - energized electrical equipment,

automotive, etc.
4.
Class D - combustible metals such as

magnesium and titanium.
In most workplaces, fire extinguishers are
posted for ready access by security guards
and employees/residents. The majority of
extinguishers in use today are ABC, multipurpose - that is, usable on all classes of fire
except "D". Fire extinguishers are marked on
the side with the letter(s) pertaining to the

4.5
class of fire applicable. Some can only be

used on a single class of fire while others can
be used on multiple classes. It is imperative
that the guard be familiar with the
extinguishers available in the event of a fire.
Be sure to check the class of extinguisher
before using it.
While on patrol, the guard should be attentive
to factors which could contribute to the
outbreak of fire. Following is a list of some
areas to be watchful of while performing the
patrol function:
a.
Dirt/rubbish build up, improperly stored

rags - especially greasy rags.
b.
Smoking in unauthorized areas. Open

flame heating devices.
c.
Improperly stored hazardous materials.

4.6
d.
Unmarked/unlit emergency exits.
e.
Defective electrical equipment.
f.
Unattended space heaters.
g.
Unattended coffee makers or other

appliance left "on".
h.
Combustibles stored near heaters.

If any potential hazard is noted while on
patrol, it should be reported immediately
and rectified if possible. The situation
should not be left if it is felt that a fire
could result.
In addition to being alert to potential
hazards while on patrol, the security
guard should also be attentive to:
a. Locations of fire extinguishers.

b. Status of extinguishers (full, charged,
need service, etc.).

c.
4.7
Locations of alarm pull stations.

If, while on patrol, you discover a fire
situation, there are a number of actions
you must take. Above all else, the
safety of the security guard is primary.
If you are endangered, you are of no
help to others.
Once your safety is assured, your next
step is to pull the alarm or in some way
alert others to the situation. If you make
the decision to attempt to extinguish the
fire, your next step is to employ the fire
extinguisher. Be sure to use it properly
so as to be effective. Remember that
your safety and the safety of others
should be your prime concern. Also
remember that you are not a

4.8
professional firefighter and should not

act as one. If you feel the fire is too
involved or difficult to extinguish, clear
the area and await the fire department.
You are expected to assist them in
whatever way they deem necessary.
2. Explosions. The threat and risk of explosions
in the workplace poses a concern to the
security guard through a number of means.
The source of an explosion can vary and
each carries its own risk factors and
characteristics. Explosions can be the result
of:
a. Accidents. Transformer, gas lines,
chemical spill/mix, etc.
b. Intentional.

c.
4.9
Terrorism. Social, political, domestic,

foreign, personal, etc.
d. Sabotage. Employee, former employee,

vandals, etc.
e. Bombs. Random, planned, protest, etc.
In an explosion situation, there are a
number of responsibilities the security
guard must undertake. Of utmost
importance is the safety and security of
the guard. Secondly, the security guard
should attend to the following:
3.
Injured parties. Including visitors, other

employees, the public, etc.
4.
Panic. The security guard must be a calming

force. Try to maintain order and minimize the
confusion.

5.
4.10
Safety. Be sure the people impacted are

safely clear of the danger and there is no
threat of additional explosions.
6.
Security. As the threat subsides and the

safety of others is maintained, the security
guard must be aware of the vulnerability of
the area in terms of access control and
security. The affected area should be
isolated and secured as much as possible to
prevent loss and additional injury.
B. Bomb threats. At some point, nearly all business

will receive a bomb threat of some kind. The
motivations behind issuing a bomb threat vary and
the nature of the business often dictates the
vulnerability to such a threat
Most threat situations prove to be "unfounded."
Their intent is to create a disruption to a workplace

4.11
and to bring attention to a particular cause or point

of view. In some cases, a bomber will make a
series of false calls in order to catch the intended
victim off security guard when a real device is
detonated.
In the event you receive a bomb threat while on
duty, there are a number of precautions you
should take as well as procedures to follow in
order to insure the safety and security of yourself,
others, and the assets of the employer. It is vitally
important to have a complete understanding of the
employer and the employers policies and
procedures regarding bombs and bomb threats.
Generally speaking, there are steps which should
be taken to improve the chances of locating a
device if it is a factual threat as well as to identify

4.12
the caller and assist in the investigation. These

steps include:
1. Listen to what the caller says.
2. Try to keep the caller on the phone.
3. Listen for background noises.
4. Try to ascertain the type of bomb.
5. Try to ascertain the location of the bomb.
6. Try to ascertain the detonation time.
7. Try to find out why it was placed.
8. Remain calm! Write down all information preferably on a standard form.
9. Notify management and follow the established
plan.
At any post, the security guard should be
alert to the many ways a bomb can enter a
building. The following is only a brief list:
a.
Mail, courier, parcel post.

4.13
b.
Messenger.
c.
Disgruntled employee.
d.
Former employee.
e.
Emotionally disturbed person.
f.
Protest group(s).
g.
Car/truck.
Remember, a bomb doesn't necessarily
have to be placed within a building.
They can also be placed outside the
facility - in trash cans, dumpsters,
mailboxes, vehicles, etc. Security
guards need to be attuned to their
surroundings and have the ability to
recognize when something appears out
of place or out of the ordinary.
Some organizations involve their
security officers in bomb searches. All

4.14
security guards should be aware of their

role in the event of a bomb search and,
at minimum, assist authorities whenever
possible.
C. Hazardous materials incidents. If your workplace
stores or uses materials which are classified as
"hazardous, security guards should be familiar
with those materials, their properties and the
dangers posed should they be involved in an
incident. Most employers are involved in
hazardous materials awareness training
(HazCom) which details the dangers presented by
the materials. A hazardous Materials Accident
(HAZMAT) creates serious and, at times, life
threatening concerns for the people involved. In
cases where your employer/client is not involved
in handling hazardous materials, there is a chance

4.15
you could be involved in an incident either

because of being in close proximity to your facility,
a transformer explosion, production equipment
problems, etc. Security guards need to be aware
of potential dangers and their expected response.
The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)
has developed a placard system designed to alert
people to the potential dangers of certain
materials. While on patrol of your facility, security
guards should be aware of the location of these
placards and the hazards associated with them.
Some general rules when dealing with a possible
HAZMAT incident include:
1. Do not touch or smell the material.
2. If a liquid, do not try to mop it up.
3. Make notifications by phone. Radio
transmissions could trigger an explosion.

4.16
4. Secure and isolate the area for the safety of

all.
5. Only properly trained/equipped personnel
should attempt clean up.
Security guards should, at minimum, assist
authorities in their clean up process and make all
appropriate notifications as instructed by the
authorities.
D. Natural disasters. Generally understood to be such
things as hurricanes, floods, tornados, blizzards,
etc., there are lesser incidents classified under this
category. The major snowstorm; the heavy rain;
the occasional high winds, all create the potential
devastation similar to that which would be created
by the "conventional" natural disaster. There
could be a disruption to the "normal" activity
caused by such things as power/utility interruption,

4.17
water leaks, window damage, falling ice, icy

sidewalks, etc. All pose a challenge to the
security guard's ability to effectively perform their
duties. The security guard should be aware of the
employer/client policies and expectations
governing the response.
During severe weather, security guards should be
prepared to assist in evacuations if necessary,
assist in emergency relocations, and detour
people around any affected area if necessary.
Security guards must become familiar with the
emergency plan in effect at the work site. They
play a key role in ensuring a smooth
implementation of the plan and assuring the safety
of others and the security of the facility in the
event of a natural disaster.

4.18
E. Crimes in progress. At any time, a security guard

may come upon a crime occurring at their work
site. There are certain steps the security guard
should take to help minimize the impact of a crime.
In taking steps aimed at minimizing the impact, the
security guard will also assist the authorities in
their investigation, possibly reduce the effects on
the employer and could help lower the risk to
potential victims. These include:
F. Contact 911.
1. Respond with more than one security guard if
possible.
2. Listen to your dispatcher for updated
information which could be helpful.
3. Call for additional resources if necessary
(police, fire, medical).

4.19
4. Relay information to other responding

personnel.
5. Remember laws relating to legal powers (use
of force; detaining suspects; etc.).
6. Identify and segregate potential witnesses.
7. Establish and secure the crime scene.
8. Maintain control of scene until authorities
arrive.
If you are the guard receiving a call for a
possible crime in progress, there are steps
you too can take in assisting the responding
security guards. It is vitally important to get
as much information from the caller as
possible. Any information you could relay to
the responding parties could reduce the risk
they face responding to an "unknown."

IV.
4.20
Security Response to Emergencies

A security guard's response to emergency situations is
key to ensuring a smooth implementation and execution
of the employer/client emergency preparedness plan.
In most organizations, a formal (or sometimes informal)
plan is in place to address emergency situations which
may arise at any given time. This plan includes such
areas as notification lists, proper authorities to contact,
evacuation routes, loss control procedures, and
individual roles in executing the plan.
The National Incident Management System (NIMS),
which includes the Incident Command System (ICS), is
both the Federal and State of New York standard for
incident response management.
The role of a security guard in an emergency situation
varies, depending on the situation. There are, however,

4.21
a number of actions to take which are consistent,

regardless of the type of emergency.
Of primary concern in an emergency is the safety of the
security officer. If the security guards are not safe, then
they are unable to render aid and perform the duties
required to minimize the injury and loss resulting from
the situation.
As detailed in the previous section, there are a number
of emergency situations which could be faced by a
security guard at the workplace which have their own
specific duty requirements. In any situation, the
security Guard should follow a basic set of actions
geared toward reducing, containing and controlling the
situation:
A.
Know the employer/client emergency plan and

their expectations of you.
B.
Know your specific role in an emergency.

C.
4.22
Keep the list of emergency contact numbers

readily available. Be sure it is up-to-date.
D.
Do not hesitate to request assistance from other

agencies or individuals as needed. Do not try to
be a hero.
E.
Make every effort to secure and isolate the

affected area.
F.
Ensure your own safety and then that of other

employees, visitors and the neighboring public.
G.
Evacuate and assist as necessary. Be sure to

keep a safe perimeter around the affected area.
H.
Always remain calm and reassuring. However,

remember that you are the "authority figure".
Keep control of yourself as well as the scene.
I.
Take mental and field notes as the situation

evolves. Documentation of the events is crucial.

J.
4.23
Know your limitations - legal, physical, policy, etc.

Work within them.
K.
Have a thorough knowledge of the facility

including emergency exits, first aid stations,
extinguisher locations, alarm pull stations, etc.
As a final duty, after the emergency has subsided,
ask your management to critique your actions
during the situation. Learn from the experience
and find ways to improve your response.
Always remember that, during a crisis, many
people look to the security guard for guidance. To
the public, you have the answers, you know the
proper procedures, and you will ensure their
safety. Your knowledge and confidence in the
facility emergency plan will ensure a safe
execution of policies and procedures. Contingency
planning will minimize the loss resulting from the

4.24
situation. If you have any questions regarding the

employers/client's expectations of you in an
emergency or your specific role, DO NOT hesitate
to ask. If an emergency arises, there may not be
time to clarify it.
V.
Student Activity
The Next Two Exercises" are activities designed to
test the students' understanding of their role in an
emergency. It should be reiterated that responsibilities
and expectations vary from site to site and employer to
employer. This exercise is designed to emphasize with
the security guard, the importance of knowing what role
they play in an emergency situation. It is recommended
that students be allowed to complete the exercise and
then have a discussion regarding their answers and any
clarifications they may require.

VI.
4.25
Summary
A.
Review objectives
References
Department of the Treasury, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms. Bomb
and Physical Security Planning. ATF, 1987.
Federal Bureau of Investigations. Bombs and Bomb Threats Course. Fire Safety
Director's Course. (John Jay College). New York, NY.
New York State Office of Public Security. Homeland Security Strategy. 2004.
United States Department of Justice. Emergency Response to Terrorism Job Aid
(2000)
United States Department of Justice. Emergency Response to Terrorism (2002)
Unit Five

5.1
Lesson Title:
Section:
Unit 5
Prepared by:
Approved by:
Instructor:
Lecture
Date:
06/2009
Duration:
1 Hour
1.
List the three components of the communication process.
2.
List three methods of communication.
3.
List three obstacles to good communications.
4.
Describe the components necessary to be an effective

communicator.
Instructor Manual

5.2
Curriculum Outline
I.
II.
Introduction
A.
Self.
B.
Experience.
C.
Lesson objectives.
Overview
A.
The importance of communication in any industry

cannot be overstated, particularly when the
communication is with the public.
B.
The ability of the security guard to communicate

will color the perception of the public, affecting
both the security guard and the security guard's
employer. The public perception is reality, at least
as far as public relations is concerned.
C.
The purpose of this lesson is to look at the

communication process and explain how this

5.3
process is important for the security guard, and

how it can promote good public relations.
III.
Identifying the Components of the Communication

Process
A.
The three components of the communication

process are:
1.
Sender - The person delivering the message.
2.
Receiver - The person to whom the message

is being delivered.
3.
Feedback - Affirmation that the message was

received by the person intended and that
he/she understood the message.
B.
Five uses of communication in security:

1.
Public relations - most common use.
2.
Compliance - maintenance of order.
3.
Describing events - key for reports.
4.
Emergencies - protect people/property.

5.
C.
5.4
Interviewing - investigative tool.
The importance of effective communication and

public relations is apparent for the following
functions of security: combating prejudices, tact,
legal testimony, documentation, communications
with outside agencies, and emergency
communications.
1.
For the employer or supervisor of a security

guard, written communication is often cited
as the most important communication skill.
2.
To the public - appearance, demeanor, tact,

understanding, and a combination of verbal
and non-verbal skills is most important for a
security guard to possess.
3.
For a contractor or proprietary employer of

security guards, emergency communication

5.5
skills are most important to insure personal

safety and protection of property.
D.
The rapid, accurate exchange of information can

be critical for successful response to an
emergency in progress.
IV.
Three Methods of Communication

A.
Verbal communication.
1.
Verbal (oral) communication messages are

sent and received by speaking and hearing.
Components of effective speech include
language, tone, volume, and message
content. Oral communication includes skill in
hearing, listening, and understanding. Nonverbal communication skills can enhance the
verbal skills and the overall communication
process.

2.
5.6
Use of oral communication, public relations,

compliance orders, radio communications,
some reports, and emergency
communications requires clear and accurate
transmission of information which must be
made to the proper person and within a
specific emergency plan.
3.
Common problems: prejudice, intimidation,

hearing impairment, insensitivity, offensive
language, bad attitude, poor speaking skills,
poor listening skills, and lack of specific
knowledge or information.
4.
Skills to practice: Communication can be

improved by practicing these skills - listening,
speaking, tact, job knowledge, positive
thinking and attitude.

B.
5.7
Non-verbal Communication.
1.
Non-verbal components such as appearance,

posture, demeanor, eye contact, distance,
gestures or contact, confidence and attitude
can enhance the verbal component of the
communication process.
2.
Non-verbal communication may be the basis

of a first, and quite often, lasting impression.
The importance of non-verbal communication
for good public/customer relations can not be
overstated.
C.
Written communication.
1.
Written communication is among the most

important of a security guard's
responsibilities. Complete and accurate
documentation of activities such as theft, fire,
vandalism, trespass, vehicles, people,

5.8
accidents, injuries, grievance, substance

abuse, safety and security violations, or
unusual occurrences should be recorded. A
written record, or report, will provide an aid to
memory and may be used by managers or
other agencies for a variety of reasons.
2.
Types of written communication include a

security guard's notes, activity logs, daily
reports, incident reports, accident
reports/forms, memos, and electronic e-mail.
3.
Rules for written communication:

a.
Record everything - date, time, location,

who, what, when, where, why, how,
loss, injury, assisting agencies, etc.
b.
Be accurate - details count.
c.
Be neat - if it can not be read by others,

why bother writing it? Remember,

5.9
appearance counts. If handwritten,

always print legibly in ink. Do not use
cursive handwriting.
d.
Do it now! write it down as soon as

possible
e.
Keep it simple - write short, concise,

plain, English sentences.
f.
Be objective - write descriptively, no

opinions. Record the facts and not your
assumptions.
g.
"The dullest pencil has a better memory

than the sharpest mind unknown.
4.
Descriptive writing exercises (optional).

a.
Things - describe in writing, the object

chosen by the instructor in as much
detail as possible. The class may then

5.10
compare and contrast the descriptions

written.
b.
People - conduct the same exercise

using a person in the classroom as the
subject.
5.
Fine points in communication. (Optional

material)
a.
Grammar:
(1)
The primary goals of written

communication are to convey and
preserve information. Grammar is
the structure of written
communication, and is useful in
keeping the information accurate
and unambiguous. Each sentence
must be complete with subject and
verb. Verbs should be in proper

5.11
tense (usually past tense).

Punctuation should be proper and
kept simple. Sentence construction
could be practiced to improve
writing skills.
6.
Statements/interviews: Statements taken

orally or in writing must be obtained
voluntarily without threat, promises or
intimidation. The interview should be
planned in advance. Appropriate questions,
suitable location, and recording method
should be included in the advance plan.
Advanced training is available from a variety
of sources to enhance interviewing ability.
V.
Obstacles to Effective Communication

A.
Obstacles to communication can occur in the four

primary elements required for communication. In

5.12
order for the security guard to communicate

effectively the following questions should be
answered:
1.
Language
a.
What language skills are required of the

security guard for the work place?
b.
What language skills does the security

guard presently possess?
c.
What are the language skills of other

people that will interact with that security
guard?
d.
The barriers to effective communication

will become apparent when these
questions are answered. The following
are specific obstacles for effective
communication in all exchanges.

2.
5.13
Message breakdown: This is caused by the

inability of the security guard to correctly
state the message. The causes may be
speech or language difficulties, or a lack of
understanding by the security guard
delivering it. Examples include:
a.
Poorly chosen words, phrases, or

jargon.
b.
Lack of coherence or awkward

presentation.
c.
Poor organization of ideas.
d.
Failure to clarify ambiguities.
e.
Message breakdown can lead to costly

errors, costly corrections, and the need
for otherwise unnecessary clarifications
consuming precious time and resources.

3.
5.14
Psychological barriers: A security guard is not

always afforded the ideal conditions under
which to communicate. Distractions occur
because of the environment and situations in
which a security guard must perform. Even
the simplest communication can be
obstructed by one or more of the following:
4.
a.
Bias or prejudices.
b.
Panic or fear.
c.
Threat to personal safety.
d.
Noise.
e.
Extreme emotion.
Failed reception: The receiver is unable or

unwilling to receive the message for
language, personal, cultural, or other
reasons. These stresses can prevent

5.15
communication from occurring at the

reception point. Common types of stressors:
VI.
a.
Mental illness.
b.
Marital problems.
c.
Financial problems.
d.
Health problems.
e.
Cultural and language differences.
Components for Effective Communication

A.
Having identified the problems encountered in

communication, we must then identify how to
avoid problems and be effective in communicating.
The following list can be utilized to improve the
communications process and help security guards
overcome barriers:
1.
Feedback - a process to correct an

inaccuracy in communication. Feedback is

5.16
checking for comprehension, usually by

restating the message as it is understood.
2.
Using a third ear - listen to the message, not

just the words in the communication. Hear
the message objectively, without bias or
prejudice.
3.
Adjust the rate of speech - a listener can only

absorb a certain amount of information at one
time. By changing the rate or pace of
communication, a listener will be better able
to understand the message.
4.
Face-to-face communications - acknowledge

the individual(s) involved in the
communication process by using eye contact.
Facial expressions, gestures, and immediate
presence can enhance the communications
process. Having, or giving, undivided

5.17
attention is important to insure the best

possible communication.
5.
Sensitivity to the receiver - the message must

be meaningful to the receiver. Recognize
cultural, age, and gender differences. Avoid
slang or jargon that would not be understood
by the receiver, and adapt your message
accordingly.
6.
Reinforce words with actions - gestures and

body language can reinforce verbal
communication.
7.
Use direct, simple language - the receiver of

oral communication must rely heavily on
memory. To insure communication is
understood, use plain language. The goal is
to inform not impress.

8.
5.18
Use repetition - reinforce the key parts of the

communication. If the feedback seems weak,
recycle the idea and check for
comprehension again. Analogies may also
help to clear the idea being communicated.
9.
Command presence - used in emergency

situations to insure communication is clear
and directions are to be followed. Displaying
confidence, control, and knowledge of the
emergency procedure will make emergency
communications more effective.
VII. Summary
A.
Review objectives.
References
Bittner, G.E. and Hertig, C.A. Report Writing for Security Personnel.
Butterworth-Heinemann, 1991.
Chartier, Myron R. Clarity of Expression in Interpersonal Communication. The
1976 Annual Handbook for Group Facilitators. Pages 149-156. University
Associates, Inc., 1976.

5.19
Hollington, Kenneth G., Dr. Human Relations. Protection of Assets Manual. 5th
Edition. Pages 149-150. Butterworth-Heinemann, 1992.
U.S. Department of Energy, Central Training Academy (DOE). Lesson Plan
Supervisor Certification Program. January 1990
Unit Six
Access Control

6.1
Lesson Title:
Access Control
Section:
Unit 6
Prepared by:
Approved by:
Instructor:
Lecture
Date
06/2009
Duration:
Hour
1. Identify the basic elements of access control and identification to
include:
A.
B.
C.
D.
Visual recognition
Written documentation
Third party authorization
Security escort
2.
Define threat potential.
3.
Identify definitions of the following terms:

A.
B.
C.
4.
Espionage
Sabotage
Terrorism
Identify three types of access control.
Instructor Manual

6.2
Curriculum Outline
I.
II.
Introduction
A.
Self.
B.
Experience.
C.
Lesson objectives.
Overview
A.
The control of access to and within a facility is of

primary concern in the prevention of crime and in
the control of loss due to theft and injury. The
security of any facility relies heavily on the
restriction and control of traffic, both vehicular and
pedestrian, into and out of the physical location as
well as within the confines of the building(s).
B.
There are a number of means to achieve access

control at the basic level as well as at a higher
level through both physical and procedural means.
Effective access control is in the hands of the

6.3
security guard who is charged with the

responsibility. A thorough knowledge of
employer/client policies, desires and expectations
relating to access control is essential. No system,
policy, procedure or equipment will be an effective
tool unless the individual security guard remains
vigilant, informed and aware of their surroundings
and the employer/client's expectations.
C.
The purpose of this lesson is to make the security

guard aware of how access control can be used to
the benefit of the company in the reduction of loss.
Additionally, it will highlight some of the tools and
skills required to effectively manage the security of
the facility.
III.
Elements of Access Control and Identification

A.
Visual recognition - also referred to as personal

knowledge, is widely used but is generally

6.4
considered to be the least reliable means of

identification. It is a dangerous practice to grant
access based on whether the security guard is
familiar with the individual and/or knows that the
person is an employee. Familiarity of the security
guard with persons and vehicles entering and
leaving the property may result in the security
guard becoming complacent and failing to properly
check identification prior to allowing access to the
property. An effective security guard will always
ask for identification from all persons, if required in
their post orders, and will be familiar with the
facilities' hours of operation and level of access
granted to each employee. Additionally, to assist
the security guard in making determinations
regarding the granting of access, each post should
have a current list of any terminations, new hires,

6.5
etc. as well as vendors and contractors affecting

their post.
B.
Written documentation - There are a number of

written documents which can be used by the
security guard in an effort to control and monitor
access to and within the facility:
1.
Employee photo badges.
2.
Visitor badges.
a.
The badges should be secure and not

vulnerable to theft or duplication.
3.
Vendor identification.
4.
Work orders.
5.
Delivery manifests.
Any written documentation that the security
guard has at his/her disposal should be used
in making the determination as to whether to
grant access to the facility or to a specific

6.6
area within the facility. Written

documentation should be viewed in a "whole
picture" perspective. For example, a person
who claims to be a contractor would present
identification attesting to their company.
Additionally, the security guard could check
for a permit issued by the employer/client.
Finally, the security guard could check for a
valid work order or delivery manifest to make
the final verification as to the validity of the
visitor. These items should be examined
closely for signs of tampering or alterations.
6. If the security guard has a question about the
validity of the identification documents
presented, the guard should: Request the
person to produce additional identification in
his/her name.

6.7
7. If during business hours, contact a supervisor

in the area where the person is requesting
access to.
8. If after business hours, contact the designated
area or facility official for clearance.
9. If the person is a vendor or delivery service,
contact the delivery company to verify the
identity of the person at the site and the
contents of the package, if known.
If there is any doubt as to the purpose of the
visit and its validity and the guard is unable to
confirm or verify, security guards should feel
comfortable in refusing admittance until or
unless clearance is granted by a supervisor
or other responsible person. Unless
employer/client policy specifies otherwise,
security guards should not accept deliveries

6.8
intended for other employees. If the delivery

company is unable to complete delivery, an
attempt should be made at a later time.
C.
Third party authorization - this method is used

when security guards are authorized to grant
access by one of the following methods:
1. Issuance of a written order which is forwarded
to security detailing the date and time of the
visitor.
2. Security guard verifies the visitors
identification by contacting the employee
whom the party wishes to visit and receives
verbal clearance.
3. Security procedures require that an employee
report to the security post and personally
escort the visitor to the designated area. The

6.9
employee at that point assumes responsibility

for the visitor.
D. Security escort - another form of access control. It
is a formal policy which requires that all visitors
report to the security post and are monitored until
being turned over to the responsibility of an
employee. In many facilities where security
guards act as receptionists, this may be the
practice. Additionally, this method allows little
freedom of movement by the visitor until
responsibility is assumed by the employee.
E. Log-in procedures - security personnel must adhere
to a strict log-in policy for a number of reasons,
including:
1.
Accountability of staff and visitors.
2.
In the event of an emergency, security is

aware of all occupied work areas.

3.
6.10
To comply with employer/client and security

guidelines.
4.
Discourages access by unauthorized

personnel.
5.
Encourages security/employee interaction.

Any discrepancies or unusual incidents
involving access control must be documented
by the security guard. Again, if there is a
doubt as to the validity of a request for
admittance, access should be denied and
supervision should be contacted.
Remember, any passes, log books,
identification cards, etc. are considered
official and legal documents. They should be
maintained, retained and secured according
to employer/client policy.

IV.
6.11
Threat Potential
A. A thorough assessment of potential risks and/or
hazards which could impact the security of the
employees, assets, information and physical
facilities should be undertaken. This assessment
is used to determine the level of access control
necessary to adequately protect the facility. There
are a number of factors to consider when
determining the threat potential at any given
location, including:
1. Demographics of Area:
a. City vs. rural.
b. Dense or sparse population.
c.
History of crime in area.
2. Type of Industry:
a. Government.
b. Retail.

c.
6.12
Manufacturing.
d. Residential.
e. Health care.
3. Occupants function: type of activity taking
place. For example, the level of risk in
controlling access to a research facility versus
a retail center versus a warehouse may be
different.
4. Level of physical security in place:
a. Security staffing.
b. Alarm systems.
c.
Closed circuit television cameras.
d. Perimeter fencing.
e. Response time of local police.
B. The following access control methods should be
evaluated when considering the level of access
control:

6.13
1. Physical placement of a security guard at a

control point.
2. Installation of a gate or door at a specific
location.
3. If a higher level of security is required, a
combination of physical security measures
and access control would be indicated.
V.
Three Major Threats to Industry and Government

A. All industries and organizations face threats to their
security and stability. These threats can occur
from internal as well as external sources. Security
systems and staffing are designed to minimize the
risks and address the exposures generally from
overt threats such as crime, fire, theft, etc.
B. Aside from overt threats to security, organizations
must address security exposures from covert
sources. The security guard, when charged with

6.14
controlling access to a facility, should be aware of

three major threats faced by industry and
governmental facilities.
C. Sabotage - defined as the use of treachery and
subversive tactics to cause damage to or disable
equipment and/or property of a business or
government agency. Sabotage can be caused
internally by employees, vendors, visitors, etc. It
can also be caused by external sources such as
protestors, former employees, youths in the area,
etc. The damage can be purposeful, to make a
point, or it could be unintentional, such as
common vandalism.
D. Espionage - the surveillance, infiltration and spying
of the activities of a business or government
agency. Again, this can come from either internal
or external sources and creates challenge to the

6.15
effectiveness of the access control program. In

many organizations, espionage is a common
practice among competitors in an attempt to gain a
competitive advantage. When the employer/client
is involved in a highly competitive market (i.e.
computers, software, research, etc.), the risk of
espionage is increased and so should the effort to
control access.
E. Terrorism the unlawful use of force against
persons or property, to intimidate or coerce a
government, the civilian population, or any
segment thereof, in the furtherance of political or
social objectives.
F. Generally, when the aforementioned topics are
discussed, all are thought of on a global/political
scale. However, they may also be applied on a
domestic level in varying degrees. Bomb threats

6.16
are one of the most common forms of domestic,

"low level" terrorism in that it creates a disruption
in normal business operations.
G. The need for effective access control is of utmost
importance in the prevention of these
vulnerabilities faced by the employer/client.
VI.
Types of Access Control

Access control is achieved in a variety of ways. Most
commonly, control is maintained through three means environmental, physical and personnel. In many
organizations, it takes a combination of one or more of
these controls to be totally effective.
A. Environmental - refers to barriers created to control
the flow of pedestrian and vehicular traffic through
the use of building construction, strategically
placed landscaping and lighting.

6.17
B. Physical security - involves systems and tangible

means of controlling access. These include such
things as electronic card readers, tamper-resistant
locks, security doors, central station alarms,
closed circuit television, etc. Additionally, strategic
placement of fences serves to create an outer
perimeter to control access to the facility.
C. Personnel - security guards posted at entry points
and at vulnerable areas with standing post orders
and employer/client rules and regulations
governing access and restrictions. Their central
purpose is to identify those attempting to gain
access and approve or deny access according to
standing orders. A clear and thorough knowledge
and understanding of employer/client expectations
is critical to the effectiveness of a security guard
serving as the access control tool.

6.18
VII. Summary
A. Review objectives.
References
Healy, Richard and Walsh, Timothy. The Protection of Assets Manual. Santa
Monica, CA: The Merritt Company, 1994.
New York State Office of Public Security. Homeland Security Strategy. March
2004.
Schnabolk, C. Private Security- Practice and Technology. Stoneham, MA:
Butterworths Publishers, Inc. 1983.
Unit Seven
Ethics and Conduct

7.1
Lesson Title:
Ethics and Conduct
Section:
Unit 7
Prepared by:
Approved by:
Instructor:
Lecture
Date:
06/2009
Duration:
1 Hour
1.
Explain the benefits of a Code of Ethics for security guards.
2.
Define Code of Ethics for security guards.
3.
Identify five elements of the Code of Ethics for security guards

as contained in this lesson.
Instructor Manual

7.2
Curriculum Outline
I.
II.
Introduction
A.
Self.
B.
Experience.
C.
Lesson objectives.
Overview
A.
The personnel of a business are, in many cases,

the organizations most valuable asset. The
manner in which personnel conduct their activities
will have an impact upon determining whether a
business succeeds or fails. Personnel that are
competent and perform their duties in a positive,
eager and ethical manner promote a favorable
image and build confidence. Conversely,
dishonest personnel that follow unethical practices
foster a poor public image and diminish
confidence in a business or organization. Security

7.3
guards are entrusted to protect persons and/or

property from harm, and as such, must possess a
high degree of integrity and ethics. If security
guards are provided with a standard of conduct
within a code of ethics, they will have the
guidelines to carry out their duties using
appropriate discretion and effectuate such duties
in a professional manner, enhancing the entire
security industry.
B.
Integrity is defined as "firm adherence to a code of

especially moral or artistic values," or
"incorruptibility," and is synonymous with
"honesty."
C.
Ethics is "the discipline dealing with what is good

and bad and with moral duty and obligation" and
"a set of moral principles or values," or "the

7.4
principles of conduct governing an individual or a

group."
1.
Ethics involves a value for one thing over

another.
2.
A choice of "good" over "bad."
3.
Ethics infers acting on principle in order to

help someone.
4.
Ethical responsibility infers moral

responsibility and a principle upon which
one's actions are based.
a.
Moral - of or relating to principles of right

and wrong in behavior.
5.
Ethics is a system of moral principles which

lead to the highest good.
D.
Professional - a person who conforms to the

technical or ethical standards of a profession.

III.
7.5
Code of Ethics
A.
Contains general statements on principles and/or

rules of conduct by which members of a particular
profession regulate their behavior among
themselves and others they deal with in a
professional capacity. A code incorporates moral
and ethical principles and philosophies and is a
measure of a person's conduct against a standard
of behavior.
1.
Although there exists in our society certain

basic ethical and moral rules of acceptable
behavior, and laws which govern behavior, a
code of ethics/conduct that focuses on
conduct akin to specific professions which
are not sufficiently regulated by general
morality or law. For example, codes exist for
security guards, soldiers, medical

7.6
professionals, police officers, legal

professionals, etc.
IV.
Why a Code of Ethics for Security Guards

A.
Security guards are employed to protect people

and property from harm, therefore, the public has
higher expectations of them.
B.
Security guards operate from a position of

authority.
C.
The actions/inactions of security guards could

have the potential to cause serious harm.
D.
The public holds security guards to higher

standards because of their position.
E.
Security guards are representatives of their

employer; the image they portray to the public is a
reflection of the company.
F.
The public relies on security guards to respond to

any given situation.

V.
7.7
Benefits of a Code of Ethics for Security Guards

A.
A code of ethics for security guards can benefit

both the employer and security guard by:
Acknowledging the importance of a security
guard's job function which can foster a sense of
professionalism, and thus increase the
effectiveness of the security guard within the
organization they are serving.
B.
Promote professionalism within the security

industry.
C.
Enhance the way law enforcement and the

general public view the security industry and
security guards by fostering respect and mutual
cooperation.
D.
Provide a foundation which encourages a security

guard to conduct themselves in a professional,
responsible and honorable manner.

E.
7.8
Attracting a better caliber of applicants by creating

a professional image and environment. Security
guards can feel satisfied in the performance of
their duties. This could reduce turnover rates.
F.
VI.
Providing better protection of public rights.
Unethical Practices
A.
Unethical behavior can result in the loss of public

confidence and respect for the security industry.
Any misdeed has the potential to tarnish a positive
image; therefore, it is imperative that security
guards continually maintain their professionalism.
B.
Examples of unethical behavior include:

1.
Excessive use of force.
2.
False arrest and detention.
3.
Illegal search and seizure.
4.
Impersonation of a police or a peace officer.
5.
Any act of dishonesty.

6.
7.9
Failure to report a criminal act and/or

violation of company policies and rules.
7.
Accepting bribes or unauthorized gratuities.
8.
Falsifying reports.
9.
Exhibiting favoritism.
VII. Code of Ethics for Security Guards

A.
The following Code of Ethics embodies those

principles and standards of conduct which typify
the functions and duties of a security guard; it is
derived from the Code of Ethics for:
1.
American Society for Industrial Security.
2.
International Association of Chiefs of Police.
3.
Private security management and security

employees (Private Security Advisory
Council).
B.
"In my capacity as a security guard hired to

prevent, report, and deter crime. I pledge:

1.
7.10
To protect life and property; prevent and

reduce crime committed against my
employer/client's business, or other
organizations and institutions to which I am
assigned; abide by the Constitution of the
United States.
2.
To carry out my duties with honesty and

integrity and to maintain the highest moral
principles.
3.
To faithfully, diligently and dependably

discharge my duties, and to uphold the laws,
policies and procedures that protect the rights
of others.
4.
To discharge my duties truthfully, accurately

and prudently without interference of
personal feelings, prejudices, animosities or
friendships to influence my judgments.

5.
7.11
To report any violation of law, or rule or

regulation immediately to my supervisors.
6.
To respect and protect information

considered confidential and privileged by my
employer or client, except where their
interests are contrary to law or this Code of
Ethics.
7.
To cooperate with all recognized and

responsible law enforcement agencies within
my jurisdiction.
8.
To accept no compensation, commission,

gratuity, or other advantage without the
knowledge and consent of my employer.
9.
To conduct myself professionally at all times,

and to perform my duties in a manner that
reflects credit upon me, my employer and the
security profession.

7.12
10. To continually improve my performance by

seeking training and educational
opportunities that better prepare me to carry
out my security duties."
C.
"The bottom-line in ethics is to never knowingly do

harm."
VIII. Summary
A.
Review of objectives.
References
Code of Ethics. American Society for Industrial Security.
Code of Ethics. International Association of Chiefs of Police.
Code of Ethics for Private Security Management and Security Employees.
Private Security Advisory Council.
Healy, Richard and Walsh, Timothy. The Protection of Assets Manual. Santa
Monica, CA:The Merritt Company, 1994.
New York State Division of Criminal Justice Services. Ethical Awareness
Moderator's Workshop, Instructor Guide. 1987.
Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary. Springfield, MA:Merriam-Webster
Inc., 1986.
Unit Eight
Review and Examination

8.1
Lesson Title:
Review and Examination
Section:
Unit 8
Prepared by:
Approved by:
Instructor:
Lecture
Date Prepared:
06/2009
Duration:
1 Hour
1. Successfully complete the Pre-Assignment Training Course written
examination with a minimum score of 70 percent to satisfactorily
complete this mandated training.
Instructor Manual

8.2
Curriculum Outline
I.
Review Course Objectives
II.
Administer Written Final Examination
III.
Course Conclusion
Appendix A
Administrators Guide

A.1
Course Planning
Only security guard training schools approved by DCJS may present this training.
A school must have a permanent location with a DCJS approved classroom
setting. Approved classroom settings must provide a minimum of 16 square feet per
student, with no more than 35 students per class. The facility must also include
appropriate seating accommodations, audio visual aides, restroom facilities, heating and
ventilation.
The 8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards should be
completed in one eight hour session. In the event the course cannot be conducted in one
eight hour session, the sections may be provided over two, four hour sessions to be
completed within a seven day period. Students must attend a single course, meaning
they must start and finish training with the same group of students and instructors.
Once a student has successfully completed the 8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training
Course for Security Guards, they do not have to attend the course again.
School Director
The school director is entirely responsible for the administration of a security guard
training school according to the minimum standards established by DCJS. The school
director serves as the point of contact for all matters relating to the school.
The school director is responsible for the administration and supervision of
required examinations in accordance with Title 9 of the Official Compilation of Codes,
Rules and Regulations of the State of New York, Part 6029(12) (b), for maintaining an
accurate record of attendance for each security guard attending the course, and for
accurate and timely submission of course completion forms. Such records should be
available for inspection by DCJS.
Upon completing the course, the school director shall file with DCJS, no later than
seven days after the course end date; a DCJS approved Security Guard Training Class
Roster / Notification of Successful Completion form for each student indicating the course
title, school dates, school location, school director, and student information. The Class
Roster / Notification of Successful Completion must contain the instructors original
signature. Additionally, the school director must submit the Part I (red) Optical Mark
Reader (OMR) form and the Part II (orange) OMR for each student.
Pursuant to section 57-a of the Arts and Cultural Affairs Law, the school director
shall retain all records, including correspondence, student attendance and performance,
lesson plans and curriculum, handouts, and Security Guard Training Class Roster /
Notification of Successful Completion forms, as required by the appropriate schedule for
records retention and disposition promulgated by the Commissioner of Education.

A.2
Currently, the schedule of retention is two (2) years. Such records shall be available for
inspection by DCJS.
The Security Guard Program of the Division of Criminal Justice Services is
available to provide technical assistance to the school directors.
Instructors
All instructors providing New York State mandated training must be certified
through the DCJS in accordance with Title 9 of the Official Compilation of Codes, Rules
and Regulations of the State of New York, Part 6029. This regulation applies to all
instructors regardless of certification in other areas, including police instructors. Instructor
certification may be granted upon demonstration of competency and subject matter
expertise. Each instructor applicant must possess a high school diploma, or equivalent,
and satisfy the minimum criteria established by DCJS.
All instructors shall be responsible for disseminating the information in the modules
assigned them according to the standards established by DCJS. Instructors may be
called upon to provide documentation of their status and may be required to provide
additional information to establish the competence of an instructor or for any other
pertinent purpose.
Student Requirements
Anyone may attend the 8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security
Guards, however, in order to obtain a Security Guard Registration Card from the NYS
Department of State, Division of Licensing Services, each student must:
Be 18 years of age.
Be of good moral character.
Possess a high school diploma or its equivalent.
Be a citizen or resident alien of the United States.
Not have any convictions for a serious offense.
Attendance
Pursuant to Title 9 of the Official Compilation of Codes, Rules and Regulations of

the State of New York, Part 6027.12(a), Attendance shall be required of each individual
student for all sections of a security guard course. The school director is responsible for
maintaining an accurate record of attendance.

A.3
Examinations
The passing of a written examination is required for the 8 Hour Pre-Assignment
Training Course for Security Guards. Students must achieve a minimum passing score of
70% on the examination in order to successfully complete the course.
There is no requirement to retest students who fail an examination. However,
schools may retest students who fail the first examination of any course. The retest must
be administered within two days of the failure. Students who fail the retest will be
required to repeat the course in its entirety.
Course Completion Forms
The school director is responsible for ensuring the Security Guard Training Class
Roster / Notification of Successful Completion is completed accurately and bears the
school directors original signature. In order to ensure records are entered accurately,
this form must be typed and the box labeled (700) should be checked to indicate
completion of the 8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards.
The school director is responsible for accurately completing the Part I (red) and the
Part II (orange) Optical Mark Reader (OMR) forms, or bubble sheets. In order to update
the training records, DCJS must receive an accurate, legible OMR form for the instructor
and one for each student. Incomplete or inaccurate forms cannot be processed. If the
school director requires additional forms, please contact DCJS staff by telephone at (518)
457- 4135 or by facsimile at (518) 485- 7639.
Certificates of Successful Completion
Pursuant to Section 89-n(1) of the New York State General Business Law,... upon
completion of a required training course, a security guard shall receive from the provider
a certificate evidencing satisfactory completion thereof in accordance with the
requirements prescribed by the commissioner... The certificate must be issued to the
student. The student should retain the original to confirm the completion of training and
should not submit originals to the Department of State when applying for a security guard
registration card.
DCJS will provide a camera-ready copy of the course completion certificate to all
schools approved to conduct mandated security guard training. This certificate is the only
one authorized for documenting successful completion and may not be modified in any
way.

A.4
Questions
If, after reviewing this guide, school directors or instructors have any questions or
concerns, please contact DCJS staff prior to commencing training.
Office of Public Safety, Security Guard Program
4 Tower Place
Albany, NY 12203-3764
(518) 457- 4135
www.criminaljustice.state.ny.us
Appendix B
Final Examination Question Bank

B.1
Final Examination Question Bank

Select 50 questions from the bank of 100 test questions for the two 8 Hour PreAssignment Training 25 question tests.
1. The Security Guard Act of 1992 became effective December 26, 1993. It
applies to:
a. Proprietary Security Services.
b. Contractual Security Services.
c. Police and Peace Officers.
d. a & b.
2. Which is not a part of the communication process?
a. Feedback.
b. Repeating.
c. Sender.
d. Receiver.
3. The Security Guard Act (Article 7A) was attached to the:
a. Penal Law.
b. Criminal Procedure Law.
c. General Business Law.
d. Public Officers Law.
4. Personal opinions and judgments should never be included in a report. ___T
___F
5. Which of the following is a major objective of the Legislature for security guards?
a. Maximum standard for training.
b. Minimum standard for training, employment, registration, enforcement,
liability, insurance coverage of security guards and the security guard
industry within New York State.
c. Minimum licensing for Peace Officers.
d. Deregulation of the Security Guard Industry.
6. Wood, paper and cloth is and example of a:
a. Class A fire.
b. Class B fire
c. Class C fire.
d. Class D fire.

B.2
7. The primary objective of the security guard is to:

a. Arrest perpetrators.
b. Increase the profit of the employer.
c. Protect person and property from harm.
d. Remove trespassers.
8. Fires involving highly flammable liquids are an example of:
a. Class A fire.
b. Class B fire.
c. Class C fire.
d. Class D fire.
9. The role of the security guard includes:
a. Detection.
b. Deterrence.
c. Reporting.
d. Prosecuting.
e. All except (d).
10. Fires which involve electrical appliances are classified as:
a. Class A fire.
b. Class B fire.
c. Class C fire.
d. Class D fire.
11. The best way to reduce employee theft is through:
a. Surveillance.
b. Lectures on morality.
c. Lectures on the punishment for the crime of larceny.
d. Prevention.
12. The most important fire issue for security is prevention.
___T ___F
13. Emergency situations include:

a. Fires and Explosions
b. Unauthorized parking in management parking lot.
c. HAZMAT Spills.
d. a & c.
14. People respond positively and cooperate with security guards who are courteous.
___T ___F

B.3
15. Each of the following is not a general task of security guards.

a. Crime prevention.
b. Traffic control.
c. Escort services.
d. Acting as law enforcement officers.
16. Identification cards are often used to control access. ___T ___F
17. Misdemeanors are punishable by:
a. Imprisonment for 5 years.
b. Imprisonment for 1 year to 5 years.
c. Imprisonment from 15 days to 1 year.
d. A fine but no imprisonment.
18. Safety is an important duty of a security guards job. ___T ___F
19. Which of the following will not support an arrest?
a. Personal observation.
b. Information from the police.
c. A hunch, instinct, or suspicious act.
d. A confession.
20. A report is not complete unless it covers all of the details known about the
incident.
___T ___F
21. If a security guard makes a legal mistake they can be sued and arrested. The
lawsuits are:
a. Civil.
b. Criminal.
c. Civil rights.
d. All of the above.
22. In a fire, a security guard should sound the alarm first before using the fire
extinguisher.
___T ___F
23. Which of the following is the most serious?
a. Felony.
b. Misdemeanor.
c. Violations.
d. Infractions.
24. When evacuating a building due to a fire bomb threat or an explosion, the
security guard should clear the people to at least 300 feet away. ___T ___F

B.4
25. A private individual may use physical force to:

a. Effect and arrest.
b. To prevent an escape from custody.
c. To defend himself / herself or a third person.
d. a & b only.
e. a, b, & c.
26. Which of the following is not a man made barrier?
a. Water.
b. Fences.
c. Lock.
d. Alarms.
27. Which of the following statements is most correct?
a. If a security guard is in a position to legally arrest or use force he / she
should do so, regardless of company policy.
b. Security guards have a duty to act as police officers.
c. Any person may arrest another person for a felony, when in fact; the other
person has committed a felony.
d. If the security guard is in uniform, it is not necessary to inform the person
being arrested of the reason for the arrest.
28. An armed security guard is the same as a police officer. ___T ___F
29. Felonies are punishable by:
a. Imprisonment for 5 years.
b. Imprisonment from 1 year to 10 years.
c. Imprisonment from 15 days to 2 years.
d. More than 1 year.
30. Effective listening is an important a part of the communication process. ___T
__F
31. Upon arrest of a person, a security guard must:
a. Inform the person of the reason for the arrest.
b. Deliver the person without unnecessary delay to the local police.
c. Inform the perpetrator of your authority to make the arrest.
32. Since most bomb threats are usually no more than nuisance calls, you should
immediately hang up on the caller. ___T ___F

B.5
33. The security guard is given authority to arrest by:

a. New York State Law.
b. Common Law.
c. Employers policies and procedures.
34. Reporting violations to supervisors is part of the Code of Ethics. ___T ___F
35. A security guards primary objectives do not include deterring crime. ___T ___F
36. Security guards may arrest a person based on reasonable cause. ___T ___F
37. When responding to a fire, the security guard should consider:
a. What the classification is.
b. What type of extinguisher to be used.
c. Is decontamination necessary.
38. As a general rule, which human sense should not be used:
a. Hearing.
b. Seeing.
c. Tasting.
d. Smelling.
e. Touching.
39. When a hazardous material accident happens, it is best for a security guard to:
a. Try to handle it themselves.
b. Immediately contact the mental health authorities.
c. Notify the proper authorities; county, state, or federal.
d. Evacuate the area and all surrounding buildings.
40. Protecting life and property is part of the definition of private security. ___T
___F
41. Which of the following is not considered an emergency?
a. Accidental explosions.
b. Strike / picket actions.
c. Civil disturbances.
d. Installations of a new gas line.
42. Protecting life and property is part of the definition of private security. ___T
___F
43. Non violent civil disturbances are generally legal, but if they threaten personnel
or property, they could be considered illegal. ___T ___F

B.6
44. Deadly force can only be used by a security guard if he / she or others are
threatened to the point of being in fear for their lives. ___T ___F
45. Which of the following is not part of the communication process?
a. Sender.
b. Feedback.
c. Receiver.
d. Translation.
46. Crime prevention is more important than apprehending criminals. ___T ___F
47. Which of the following is an obstacle to effective communication?
a. Sincerity.
b. Listening skills.
c. Interpreting.
d. Prejudices.
48.
Observing a crime as it is being committed is a fact. ___T ___F
49.
Which of the following is not a type of non-verbal communication?

a. Posture.
b. Eye contact.
c. Physiological changes.
d. Sarcasm.
e. All of the above.
50. Communication is the process of conveying information so there is a mutual

understanding. ___T ___F
51. Every security guard should try to develop good listening skills. ___T ___F
52. A security guard can, at his discretion, always request that a person provide an
additional type of identification. ___T ___F
53. Access control includes:
a. Locks and keys.
b. Alarms.
c. Closed circuit TV (CCTV).
54. A misdemeanor carries a sentence of less than a year of imprisonment. ___T
___F
55. Security guards may be excused from identifying an employee. ___T ___F

B.7
56. Fires consisting of burning wood, paper, and cloth, are classified as:
a. Class B and C fires.
b. Class C fires.
c. Class A and B fires.
d. Class A fires.
57. There are many threats to Industry and Governments. Which of the following is
not considered a threat?
a. Terrorism.
b. Espionage.
c. Sabotage.
d. OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Act).
58. The following statement is true.
a. Class C fires consist of combustible gases.
b. Class C fires consist of energized electrical equipment.
c. Class C fires consist of gasoline or kerosene.
d. Class C fires can burn without fuel or air.
59. Terrorism is never caused by an employee. ___T ___F
60. All of the following are examples of emergency situations except:
a. Fires and bomb threats.
b. Medical emergencies and labor strikes.
c. Crime prevention and random patrol.
d. Riots and civil disturbances.
61. In order to determine the level of access control to provide, the security guard
must be aware of the threat potential. ___T ___F
62. Which of the following is part of the Code of Ethics for security guards?
a. Protecting life and property.
b. Taking advantage of training opportunities.
c. Cooperating with law enforcement.
d. Reporting work rule violations.
e. All of the above are part of the Code of Ethics.
63. One of the primary reasons for a log-in procedure is the accountability of
people that are in a particular area in the event of an emergency. ___T ___F
64. A security guard deters criminal activity on his employers property. ___T
___F

B.8
65. Threat potential means:

a. An assessment of the possible risk and or hazards which is used to
determine the level of access control necessary to safeguard employees,
property and information from being compromised by unauthorized
persons.
b. Not paying attention to details.
c. Evaluating your relationship with your fellow employees.
d. b, c, & d.
66. As long as a security guard prevents a crime he / she does not have to
document the incident. ___T ___F
63. The three types of access control are:
a. Environmental design, physical security, security personnel.
b. Guns, batons, and brass knuckles.
c. Whips, insulting remarks.
d. Knives, guns, batons.
68. While acting in the performance of their duties, a security guard may disregard
all local laws. ___T ___F
69. A security guard cannot request additional identification even if they are not
satisfied with the documentation presented. ___T ___F
70. A security guard can be arrested if he / she breaks the law when off duty. ___T
___F
71. Adopting and implementing a Code of Ethics would:
a. Promote guilt and suspicion.
b. Reduce morale.
c. Benefit the employer only.
d. Benefit the employer and the security officer.
71. A registered and fully trained security guard, in New York State, has the same
legal authority as a Peace Officer. ___T ___F
72. Which of the following is considered to be an unethical practice?
a. Immediately reporting violations of the law or rules.
b. Accepting presents or tips for a job well done.
c. Not allowing your personal feelings to interfere with your duties.
d. Failure to report a criminal act.
e. b & d.
74. Written and verbal communication skills are the most important tools that a
security guard can develop. ___T ___F

B.9
75. A Code of Ethics is a measure of a persons activities against a standard of

behavior. ___T ___F
76. The basic elements of access control and identification include:
a. Visual recognition.
b. Written documentation.
c. Third party authorization.
d. Security escort.
e. All of the above.
68. Security guards are held, by the general public, to a higher degree of integrity
than the average employee. ___T ___F
69. The three types of access control devices include environmental design,
physical security and private security. ___T ___F
70. Accepting reduce price in the cafeteria where you work as a security guard is
part of the reward for doing a difficult job. ___T ___F
74. Terrorism is defined as: An overt act which causes fear, panic and, normally,
disrupts a business. ___T ___F
75. Detecting drug abuse, in the work place by employees, is not the responsibility
of the security guard, only the police officer. ___T ___F
76. The New York State Security Guard Act applies to:
a. Proprietary Security Guards only.
b. Contractual Security Guards only.
c. Both Proprietary and Contractual Security Guards.
d. Armed Security Guards only.
83. An employer loses money through theft of property, not through theft of time.
___T ___F
84. After a security guard has aided the arrest of a perpetrator, he / she does not
have to appear in court. ___T ___F
85. A private security guard, a police officer, and a peace officer all have the same
legal authority. ___T ___F
86. A confession is an example of a factor which supports an arrest. ___T ___F
87. It is not necessary to touch a person in order to affect a legal arrest. ___T
___F

B.10
88. The three components of the communication process are the sender, the
receiver and feedback. ___T ___F
89. A security guard may search an employee at any time at the place of
employment. ___T ___F
68. An elevator failure is never considered an example of an emergency. ___T
___F
90. A security guard has arrest powers regardless of company rules, regulations,
and policies. ___T ___F
74. Strict log-in procedures should be followed by security guards because:
a. They discourage unauthorized personnel from signing in.
b. Security guards will be aware of all occupied workspaces.
c. The procedures document compliance with an employers guidelines.
93. Bomb threats should always be taken seriously. ___T ___F
94. Eyewitness identification is an important factor when a security guard makes an
arrest. ___T ___F
95. Communication is limited to the spoken word and does not include any
unspoken words or gestures. ___T ___F
96. The following statement is false:
a. A security guard may arrest a person for a misdemeanor if it is committed
in New York State.
b. A security guard may arrest a person for a felony in New York State.
c. A security guard may arrest a person for a traffic infraction anywhere in
New York State.
d. A security guard may use force to affect an arrest.
97. The most effective way to deter mischief, crime, and other acts of violence is by
doing random patrols while maintaining high visibility and a high profile uniform
appearance. ___T ___F
98. The duties of security guards include all of the following except:
a. Patrol of assigned company property.
b. Prevention of crime on company property.
c. Arresting offenders on your day off.
d. Reporting unusual occurrences on company property.
e. Preventing employee thefts.

B.11
99. The most detrimental actions that a security guard can perform while on patrol
is to fall into a set pattern or routine while performing their duties. ___T ___F
100. Reporting unethical acts by his fellow guards is not part of a security guards
duties. ___T ___F

B.12
Final Examination Question Bank - Answer Key

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
d
b
c
True
b
a
c
b
e
c
d
True
d
True
d
True
c
T
c
True
d
True
a
True
e
a
c
False
d
True
d
False
d
True
False
False
d
c
c
True
d
True
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
True
True
d
True
d
True
d
True
True
True
d
True
d
d
d
b
False
c
True
e
True
True
a
False
a
False
False
True
d
False
b
True
True
e
True
True
False
d
False
c
False
False
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
94.
95.
96.
97.
99.
100.
False
True
True
True
False
False
False
d
True
True
False
c
True
True
False

8-Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course

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State of New York

Eight Hour Pre-Assignment

New York State

Date Issued: January 2010

Eight Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards

The Eight Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards is a

For further information, refer to the Administrators Guide in Appendix A. If you

EIGHT HOUR PRE-ASSIGNMENT

ROLE OF A SECURITY GUARD

LEGAL POWERS AND LIMITATIONS

COMMUNICATIONS & PUBLIC RELATIONS

ETHICS AND CONDUCT

REVIEW AND EXAMINATION

APPENDIX A ADMINISTRATORS GUIDE

8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security Guards

8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training

8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training

Introduction and Orientation

Students introduce themselves.

Security Guard Class Roster / Notification of

Red Part I Optical Mark Reader (OMR) form

Orange Part II OMR form (student).

Hand out the class roster and hand out Part II

The Social Security Number is the most

8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training

Introduction (1/4 Hour).

Role of a Security Guard (1 1/4 Hour).

Legal Powers and Limitations (2 Hour).

Emergency Situations (1 Hour).

Communications and Public Relations

Access Control (1/2 Hour).

Ethics and Conduct (1Hour).

Review and Examination (1 Hour).

Final written examination must be completed

Parking or transportation issues.

8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training

Food, drinks, and lunch.

The Security Guard Act of 1992 became law on

8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training

damage to persons and property, represent the

8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training

insurance coverage of security guards and the

Security guards in New York State must complete

8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for

16 Hour On-The-Job Training Course for

8 Hour Annual In-Service Training Course for

Holders of a Special Armed Security Guard

47 Hour Firearms Training Course for Armed

8 Hour Annual Firearms Training Course for

8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training

Exemptions and waivers.

Certain members of the New York State law

8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training Course for Security

Introduction (1/4 hour) - Provides an overview of

Role of a Security Guard (1 1/4 hours) - Provides

Emergency Situations (1 hour) - Provides an

8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training

Access Control (1/2 hour) - Identifies the

Ethics and Conduct (1 hour) - Defines and

Review and Examination (1 hour).

Role of a Security Guard

8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training

8 Hour Pre-Assignment Training

Functions of a Security Guard