6/9/2014

Chemical & Process Technology: Determine Latent Heat for Multi-Component and Relieving Area Using Rigorous Method in HYSYS

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Sunday, June 22, 2008

Determine Latent Heat for Multi-Component and

Relieving Area Using Rigorous Method in HYSYS
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Useful Documents Related to Pressure Relief Valve

(PRV) - Part 1
Pressure Relief Valve (PRV) has been widely use in
overpressure protection of pressure containment
equipment. Regardless of vessel/column/drum/tank
designed in accordance to any pressure vessel code
e.g. ASME, JIS, BS, GB, etc,...

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A vessel with liquid at it boiling point exposing to external heat input from Fire would lead
to liquid vaporization. Vaporization would subsequently leads internal pressure increases
upto Pressure Relieve Valve (PRV) set pressure. The PRV will starts to open to relieve
part of the vapor in order to maintain the vessel internal pressure within maximum
allowable accumulated pressure (121% of PRV set pressure if the Vessel is designed to
ASME Section VIII).
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Chemical & Process Technology: Determine Latent Heat for Multi-Component and Relieving Area Using Rigorous Method in HYSYS

Determination of Relieve load for boiling liquid would required

latent heat of the boiling liquid in the vessel. Dealing with single
component, the latent heat can be easily obtained from literature
or HYSYS simulator. However, in real world system, the fluid
could be a multi-component fluid which the latent heat will
change from initial boiling point (IBP) for final boiling point (FBP).
In addition, light component with lower latent heat and lower
molecular weight will release first as compare to heavy
component with higher latent heat and higher molecular weight.
Latent heat change lead to different relieve load and different
properties would result different relieving area. Those a rigorous
method may required to determine maximum relieving area.
Following are the steps can be used to determine the latent heat and maximum relieving
area.
HYSYS snapshot below may be referred when running through the steps.

Effect in Selfregulated Control

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STEP 1 : Define fluid in the vessel is at maximum Operating pressure (P0) & operating
temperature (T0) prior to fire start.

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HYSYS : Stream 1 is at P0 & T0. Flash stream 1 in VESSEL V-100 and associate vapor
and liquid outlet are stream 2 & 3.
STEP 2a : Determine liquid volume (Vl0) and vapor volume (Vv0) which will be defined by
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6/9/2014

Chemical & Process Technology: Determine Latent Heat for Multi-Component and Relieving Area Using Rigorous Method in HYSYS

the physical vessel dimension and piping volume. Calculate liquid volume (Vl0) and vapor
volume (Vv0) consider liquid level in the vessel is at maximum liquid level (L0) and piping
vapor & liquid volume.

Archives

STEP 2b : Adjust the inventory (vapor mass and liquid mass) in the vessel until you
achieve the vapor
volume (Vv0) and liquid volume (Vl0).

May 2007

April 2007

June 2007
July 2007

HYSYS : Copy stream 2 to stream 4. Copy stream 3 to stream 5. Mix stream 4 & 5 into
stream 6. ADJUST stream 4 Mass Flow to obtain Stream 6 Vapor Actual Volumetric Flow
to Vv0. ADJUST stream 5 Mass Flow to obtain Stream 6 Liquid Actual Volumetric Flow to
Vl0.
STEP 3 : Bring the the system to Relieving pressure (Pr0=121% of Pset). By maintaining
system volume at V0 (=Vv0+Vl0). The system is at relieving condition. The temperature at
this point is Tr0.
HYSYS : Define a new stream 7 with a BALANCE unit (mole balance only). Set Stream 7
pressure at Pr0. ADJUST stream 7 temperature until Overall Actual Volumetric Flow to V0
(=Vv0+Vl0).

August 2007
September 2007
October 2007
November 2007
December 2007
January 2008
February 2008
March 2008

STEP 4 : Next step is further input heat (Q1) to achieve 1-2 deg C above Tr0 but maintain
pressure at Pr0. Normally the total volume (V1) at this point potentially higher than V0.

April 2008

HYSYS : Flash stream 7 in VESSEL V-101 into Vapor outlet, stream 6 and Liquid Outlet
stream 11. Attach a heat stream (Q-100) into V-101. SET stream 8 temperature 1-2 degC
above stream 7.

June 2008

May 2008

July 2008
August 2008

STEP 5 : Part of the vapor (m1) from the system shall be removed in order to bring the
system volume (V1) back to V0 as the physical volume maintain.

September 2008
October 2008

HYSYS : SPLIT stream 8 into stream 9 and 10. Mix stream 9 & stream 11 form stream 12.
ADJUST stream 9 Mass Flow (m1) to obtain Stream 12 Overall Actual Volumetric Flow to
V0.

November 2008
December 2008

STEP 6 : Above has shown that m1 (stream 9) will be removed with the heat input of Q1
(Q-100) and maintaining at set pressure. Heat input is used to heat the vapor and liquid
from Tro to Tr1 (sensible heat) and vaporized m1 of liquid (Latent Heat of Vaporization).

January 2009

Latent Heat of Vaporization,

April 2009

Hvap = [Q1 - m8 x dT x (Cp7+Cp8)/2 - m11 x dT x (Cp7+Cp8)/2]/m9

where
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February 2009
March 2009

May 2009
June 2009
July 2009
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6/9/2014

Chemical & Process Technology: Determine Latent Heat for Multi-Component and Relieving Area Using Rigorous Method in HYSYS

m8 - Mass of stream 8 (Vapor)

m9 - Mass of stream 9 (Removed Vapor)
m11 - Mass of stream 11 (Liquid)
Cp7 - Stream 7 (Mixed) specific heat capacity
Cp8 - Stream 8 (Vapor) specific heat capacity
Cp11 - Stream 11 (Liquid) specific heat capacity
dT = Tr0 - Tr1

August 2009
September 2009
October 2009
November 2009
December 2009

STEP 7 : Determine Fire heat load input (Qc1) from API equation (Q=43.2A^0.82).

January 2010

STEP 8 : Determine PSV mass flow rate with M1= m1 x (Qc1/ Q1)

February 2010

STEP 9 : Calculate the Relief area (A1) base on M1 and fluid properties from stream 9.
STEP 10 : Repeat (4) - (9) until you get the maximum Relief area (Amax).
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March 2010
April 2010
May 2010
June 2010
July 2010

One shall remember there are several assumptions have been

considered in this method. One of them is Liquid properly
disengaged from vapor and zero entrainment is assumed. Read
more in "How Fluid Characteristic affect 2 phase Relief via PSV
on Liquid filled Vessel Exposing to External Fire".

August 2010

Above method also assumed 100% heat input from fire will be
transferred to fluid. No accumulation of heat in vessel metal is
considered (for conservatism). The heat transfer rate at liquid is
considered perfect to allow 100% heat transfer.

December 2011

September 2010
October 2010
November 2010

July 2012
August 2012

The heat input into vessel exposing to vapor section, majority of

the heat will stay in the metal. This is significantly reduce the vessel maximum allowable
stress. Nevertheless, it was assumed the stress due to internal pressure is always lower
than vessel maximum allowable stress throughout the relieving period.

Related Topic
Useful Documentation for HYSYS ...
Extend of Pool Fire...
How Fluid Characteristic affect 2 phase Relief via PSV on Liquid filled Vessel
Exposing to External Fire
Extra Caution When Eliminating Overpressure by Fire Attacks
Should we consider JET FIRE for Pressure Relief Valve (PSV) load
determination ?
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6/9/2014

Chemical & Process Technology: Determine Latent Heat for Multi-Component and Relieving Area Using Rigorous Method in HYSYS

PSV for Shell-and-Tube HEX Tube Side Overpressure Protection against

External Fire Attack ?
Should maximum recommended wall temperature (Tw) for carbon steel vessel
used as design temperature ?
Labels: Fire, HYSYS, Overpressure Protection, Pressure Relief Device
posted by Webw orm, 5:20 PM

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3 Comments:
Anonymous said...
Quote: "...light component with lower latent heat..."
It is a common misconception that light components latent heats (on mass
basis) are lower than those of heavy components. In general, for hydrocarbon
streams, light components have lower boiling points but higher massbased
latent heats. So even though the light components in a mixture of
hydrocarbons vaporize first, they require more heat to vaporize per unit of
mass.
May 22, 2009 at 1:02 PM
vaporization said...
Hi,
nice blog, great information you share i like this.
January 12, 2012 at 2:04 AM
test_tube said...
So what is the aim of calculating the latent heat of vaporization. we did not use
it to calculate the area of PSV ?!
May 20, 2012 at 1:16 AM

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Chemical & Process Technology: Determine Latent Heat for Multi-Component and Relieving Area Using Rigorous Method in HYSYS

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