Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information

Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to
information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities,
in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority,
and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest
to the public, particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the pursuit of
education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the
timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public.
1 +, 1 +

01 ' 5

The Right to Information, The Right to Live

Step Out From the Old to the New

Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan

Jawaharlal Nehru

IS 14321 (1995): Corrosion of metals and alloys Recommended values for the corrosivity categories of
atmosphlures [MTD 7: Light Metals and their Alloys]

! $ ' +-
Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda

Invent a New India Using Knowledge

! > 0 B

BharthariNtiatakam

Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen

( Reaffirmed 2006 )

CORROSIONOFMETALSANDALLOYSRECOMMENDEDVALUESFOR.THE
CORROSIVITYCATEGORIESO~
ATMOSPHERES

ICS

77.060

@ BIS 1995

BUREAU
MANAK

November 1995

OF
BHAVAN,

INDIAN
9

BAHADUR

NEW

DELHI

STANDARDS
SHAH

ZAFAR

MARG

110002
Price -G~onp 1

Corrosion

Protection

Sectional

Committee,

MTD 24

FOREWORD
This Indian Standard was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized by
had been approved
by the Metallurgical
the Corrosion Protection
Sectional
Committee,
Engineering Division Council.
The corrosivity category established in IS 14191 : 1995 is a general term in a form suitable for
engineering purposes, which describes the corrosion properties
of atmospheres based on present
knowledge of atmospheric corrosion.
Guiding corrosion values give corrosion rates for standard structural materials and can be used
The guiding corrosion values specify the technical content of each
for engineering calculations.
of the individual corrosivity categories for these standard metals.
This standard can be used for prediction of the service life for metals, alloys and metallic coatings
used in atmospheres
of different corrosivity
categories
(see Table 1 ). The guiding corrosion
values also provide a technical basis for determination
of the need for protective measures and
other engineering purposes.
The guiding corrosion values are based on experience obtained from a large number of site
exposures and service performance.
Corrosion rates expected for a given corrosivity category
may be exceeded in the vicinity of special design features which cause localized or galvanic
corrosion.
While formulating
this standard assistance has been
International
Organization for Standardization.

derived

from

IS0 9224 issued

by the

For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with,
the final value, observed or calculated,
expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be
rounded off in accordance
with IS 2 : 1960 Rules for rounding off numerical values ( revised ).
The number of significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of
the specified value in this standard.

is 14321 : 1993

Indian Standard

CORROSIONOFMETALSANDALLOYS-RECOMMENDEDVALUESFORTHE
CORROSIVITYCATEGORTESOF
ATMOSPHERES
I SCOPE

This standard specifies guiding corrosion values

and the characteristics
of corrosion
for corrosivity categories defined in IS 14191 : 1995.

atmospheric
-exposure of metal not including
the initial period.
For the purpose of this
International
Standard the corrosion rate after
10 years exposure is considered as constant.
rh = -

2 REFERENCE
The following Indian Stanc!ard
adjunct to this standard:
IS No.
IS 14191 : 199.5

is necessary

Title
Corrosion
of metals and
of
alloys - Classification
corrosivity of atmospheres

3 TERMINO l,OGY
3.1 Guiding Corrosion Value
Corrosion rates ( average and steady state),
mass loss, penetration
or other
corrosion
characteristic
expressing the expected corrosive
action of the atmospheric environment
of a
given corrosivity
CategOry
towards standard
materials.

AM1
tp- t,

where

AM,
tz,

11

is the corrosion
depth for the
considered time interval, in micrometres; and
times ( longer than 10 years ) in the
linear region of the curve of uniform corrosion versus time.

4 LONG TERM CORROSIVE ACTION

ATMOSPHERES
BELONGING TO
DIFFERENT CORROSIVITY CATEGORIES
4 I The long
term
corrosive
action
of
*
atmospheres belonging to different corrosivity
categories is chara.cterized for different metals
and their groups by fhe:

3.2 Average Corrosion Rate

a) average
corrosion
rate
10 years of exposure,

The corrosion rate, rav, expressed for the first

10 years of atmospheric exposure of a metal:

b) steady state corrosion

c) form of corrosion

AM1

rav
=F-Gwhere
AM1

is the corrosion
10 years exposure,
t, the time at which
and
t, the time at which

depth after initial

in micrometres;
the exposure ends;
the exposure starts.

3.3 Steady State Corrosion Rate

The corrosion rate rll,, derived

from long term

for

the

first

rate, and

attack.

4.2 For most metals the initial corrosion rate

exceeds the steady state corrosion
rate. The
total extent of corrosion must therefore
be
calculated by multiplying the average corrosion
rate for the first 10 years by 10 and adding the
product of the remaining service life and the
steady state corrosion rate in subsequent years.
4.3 Average corrosion rates for the first 10 years
of exposure and steady state corrosion
rates of
carbon steel, zinc, copper,
aluminium
and
weathering steels are given in Table 1,

IS 14321: 1995
Table 1 Guiding -Corrosion Values for Corrosion Rates ( rev, YII~,
) of Carbon
Steel, Weathering Steels, Zinc, Copper and Aluminium in Atmospheres of Various
Corrosivity Categories
( Clause 4.3 )
AverageCorrosionRate for the First 10 Years for the Following Corrosivity Categories
r----

Metals

_-._.
Cl

Carbon

steel

-___-_-c2

ra, <os

@5 <

Weathering steel

rav ~0.1

0.1 < rav r;2

Zinc

rav GO.1

0.1 < rav GO.5

Copper

rav ~0.01

Aluminium

rav-0.01

steel

Weathering

c5

<I2

12 < 1RV<30

30 < Iuv <IO0

8 < f+av <I5

15 < rav ~80

2 i rav 94

4 < Iav <IO

<5

Im?

2 < Y&V98
0.5 <

0.01 < rav do.1

rav < 0.025

<

rav

<2

0.1 < rav G1.5

1.5 K rav <3

0.025 < rnv ~0.2

3 < rav ~5
see Note 5

see Note 5

Steady State Corrosion Rate for the Following Corrosivity Categories

~____________-____-_-h--_---.-~----------c5
c3
c4
Cl
c2

Metals
Carbon

YSJ

Values in Micrometers Per Year

---h
------------------~
c3
c4

steel

riin GO.1

0.1 c rib G1.5

rib <orI

0.1 < rh

6 < riiO <20

23 < rlii7 <90

5 i I1in <IO

10 < rib

1.5 < rlitl <G

1 <

~110 6

---l

~80

Zinc

run GO.05

005 < rlin GO.5

0.5 c rlh

<

2 < Ill0 Q4

4 < Iliu < 10

Copper

rib GO.01

0'01 < rlin GO.1

0.1 < ml1 <

1 < ~I111
<3

3 < rlin <5

Aluminium

negligible

0.01 < rlh ~0.02

Note 5

see Note 5

@02 c riillgo;2

see

NOTES
1 The corrosion

rate for carbon

steel is not corstant

during the first 10 years period.

2 The corrosion rate for weathering steel is strongly

depcndsnt
on the combinstion
of ir.fluencing factors
with the~S0, pollution
more protective
( alternation
between wet and dry periods ). In the atmospheres
atmosphere
heavily
polluted
with chlorides may
rust layer is formed.
Rain protected surfaces in marine
attain a substantially
higher corrosion rate than freely exposed surfaces.
3 Applies

also to the Cu-Zu, Cu-Sn and similar

alloys with Cu content

of at least 60 percent.

4 The rates shown are based on commercially

pure alumiciLm ( >SY.5 percent purity ) which, like most
rates are
aluminium alloys, corrodes in the atmosphere
at a rate that decreases with time. However,Jh.ese
based on average mass loss results
while the corrosion
attack in usually manifested
as plttmg.
ConsePenetratisn
rates for pitting also decreases
quently,
the rates shown do no: represent rates of penetration.
aluminium alloys containing magnesium,
manganese
with exposure time. Commercially
pure aluminium,
and Alclad products generally have better corrosion rerisand/or silicon as the major alloying elements,
tance than aluminium alloys containing
significant quantities
of copper,
zinc, arid/r??? iron.
Alloys with
iron may also be subject to other forms of
significant quantities
of magnesium,
zinc, copper and/or
localized corrosion such as stress corrosion cracking,
exfoliation
and intergranular
attack.
5 In atmospheres
defined by corrosivity categories
C4 and C5, a marked
For these two
expected and local corrosion effects become important.
general corrosion may be misleading.

increase in corrosion
corrosivity
categories

rate may be
the data on

Barean of Indian Standards

institution
established under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 to
promote
harmonious development of the activities
of standardization,
marking and quality
certification
of goods and attending to connected matters in the country.

BIS is a statutory

Copyright
BIS has the copyright

No part of these publications

may be reproduced
of all its publications.
in any form without the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use,
in the course of implementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type
Enquiries
relating
to copyright
be addressed
to the Director
or grade designations.
( Publications ), BIS.
Reriaion of Indian Standards

Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments.
Standards
are also reviewed periodically; a standard along with amendments is reafilrmed when such review
indicates that no changes are needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it his taken
up for revision.
Users of Indian Standards should ascertain that they are in possession of the
latest amend-ments or editon by referring to the latest issue of BIS Handbook and <Standards
Monthly Addition.
This Indian Standard has been developed from DOC : No.
Amendments
Amend

MTD 24 ( 3768 )

Issued Since Publication

Date of Issue

No.

BUREAU OF INDIAN

Text Affected

STANDARDS

Headquarters:
Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi 110002
Telephones

: 331 01 31,

Telegrams : Manaksanstha
( Common to all Offices )

331 13 75

Telephone

Regional OfBces :
Central : Manak Bhavan,
NEW DELHI

{ 331 01 31

9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg

331 13 75

110002

Eastern : l/14 C. I. T. Scheme VIII M, V. I. P. Road,

CALCUTTA 700054

Maniktola

Northern

: SC0 335-336, Sector 34-A, CHANDIGARH

Southern

: C. I. T. Campus, IV Cross Road, MADRAS 600113

Western : Manakalaya, E9 MIDC, Marol,

BOMBAY 400093

160022

Andheri ( East )

f37 84 99,
1 37 86 26,

37 85 61
37 86 62

(60 3843,
160 20 25,
f235 02 16,

235 04 42

1235 15 19,

235 23 15

f632 92 95,
1632 78 9 1,

632 78 58
632 78 92

Branch : AHMADABAD.
BANGALORE.
BHOPAL.
BHUBANESHWAR.
COIMBATORE.
FARIDABAD.
GHAZIABAD,
GUWAHATI.
HYDERABAD.
JAIPUR.
KANPUR
LIJCKNOW. PATNA.
THIRUVANANTHPURAM.
Printed at Printwell Prfntsn. Alitprb, Indir