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Dew point
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The dew point is the temperature to which a given parcel of air must be cooled, at constant
barometric pressure, for water vapor to condense into water. The condensed water is called dew. The
dew point is a saturation point. When the dew point temperature falls below freezing it is often called
the frost point, as the water vapor no longer creates dew but instead creates frost or hoarfrost by
deposition.
The dew point is associated with relative humidity. A high relative humidity indicates that the dew point
is closer to the current air temperature. Relative humidity of 100% indicates the dew point is equal to
the current temperature and the air is maximally saturated with water. When the dew point remains
constant and temperature increases, relative humidity will decrease. [1]
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At a given barometric pressure, independent of temperature, the dew point indicates the mole fraction
of water vapor in the air, and therefore determines the specific humidity of the air. The dew point is an
important statistic for general aviation pilots, as it is used to calculate the likelihood of carburetor icing
and fog, and estimate the height of the cloud base.
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1 Constant pressure
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2 Varying pressure
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3 Comfort range
4 Calculating the dew point
4.1 Simple approximation
4.2 Closer approximation
Special pages
5 See also
Printable version
6 References
Permanent link
7 External links
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Constant pressure
At a given barometric pressure, independent of
temperature, the dew point indicates the mole
fraction of water vapor in the air, or, put
differently, determines the specific humidity of
the air. If the barometric pressure rises without
changing this mole fraction, the dew point will
rise accordingly, and water condenses at a
higher temperature. Reducing the mole fraction,
i.e. making the air drier, will bring the dew point
back down to its initial value. In the same way,
increasing the mole fraction after a pressure
drop brings the dew point back up to its initial
level. For this reason, the same dew point in
New York, NY and Denver, CO (which is at a
much higher altitude) will imply that a higher
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dew_point[01.02.2010 23:20:49]
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Norsk (nynorsk)
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Varying pressure
[edit]
Comfort range
[edit]
Humans tend to react with discomfort to a high dew point (i.e. greater than 15 C (59 F)), as it
interferes with the body's normal process of perspiring (producing sweat) to cool down. High relative
humidity (which results in a high dew point) impedes the evaporation of sweat and reduces the
effectiveness of evaporative cooling. As a result, the body may overheat, resulting in discomfort.
Discomfort also exists when dealing with low dew points (i.e below 30 C (22.0 F)). The drier air
can cause skin to crack and become irritated more easily.
Lower dew points, less than 10 C (50 F), correlate with lower ambient temperatures, and the body
requires less cooling. A lower dew point can go along with a high temperature only at extremely low
relative humidity (see graph below), allowing for relative effective cooling.
Those accustomed to continental climates often begin to feel uncomfortable when the dew point
reaches between 15 and 20 C (59 and 68 F). Most inhabitants of these areas will consider dew points
above 21 C (70 F) oppressive.
Dew Point
C
Dew Point
F
>Higher than >Higher than Severely high. Even deadly for asthma
26C
80F
related illnesses
Rel. Humidity at 90 F
(32 C)
65% and higher
24 - 26C
75 - 80F
21 - 24C
70 - 74F
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dew_point[01.02.2010 23:20:49]
52% - 60%
18 - 21C
65 - 69F
44% - 52%
16 - 18C
60 - 64F
37% - 46%
13 - 16C
55 - 59F
Comfortable
31% - 41%
10 - 12C
50 - 54F
Very comfortable
31% - 37%
<10C
<49F
30%
A dew point of 35 C (95 F) was reported in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia at 3 p.m. July 8, 2003. The
temperature was 42 C (108 F), resulting in an apparent temperature or heat index of 80 C
(176 F). [2]
[edit]
where
where the temperatures are in degrees Celsius and "ln" refers to the
natural logarithm. The constants are:
a = 17.271
b = 237.7 C
This expression is based on the August-Roche-Magnus
approximation for the saturation vapor pressure of water in air as a
Simple approximation
[edit]
There is also a very simple approximation which allows conversion between the dew point, the dry bulb
temperature and the relative humidity, which is accurate to within about 1 C as long as the relative
humidity is above 50%.
The equation is:
or
RH = 100 5(T Td ).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dew_point[01.02.2010 23:20:49]
For example, a relative humidity of 100% means dew point is same as air temp. For 90% RH dew point
is 3 degrees Fahrenheit lower than air temp. For every 10 percent lower, dew point drops 3 F.
TFd is in degrees Fahrenheit; RH same as above.
Closer approximation
[edit]
where:
RH is relative humidity and
T and Tw are the dry-bulb and wet-bulb temperatures respectively in degrees Celsius
e s is the saturated water vapor pressure, in units of millibar, at the dry-bulb temperature
e w is the saturated water vapor pressure, in units of millibar, at the wet-bulb temperature
e is the actual water vapor pressure, in units of millibar
psta is "station pressure" (absolute barometric pressure at the site that humidity is being calculated
for) in units of millibar (which is also hPa).
for greater accuracy use the Arden Buck Equation to find the water vapor pressures
See also
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Dewcheck
Carburetor heat
Hydrocarbon dew point
Thermodynamic diagrams
psychrometrics ...for the handy 1904 chart that reveals all the 'thermodynamically interdependent'
properties of moist air (at a glance).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dew_point[01.02.2010 23:20:49]
References
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1. ^ a b Horstmeyer, Steve (2006-08-15). "Relative Humidity....Relative to What? The Dew Point Temperature...a
better approach"
. Steve Horstmeyer, Meteorologist, WKRC TV, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. Retrieved 2009-08-20.
0393326586.
3. ^ "MET4 AND MET4A CALCULATION OF DEW POINT"
WA 98052. 2007-09-13.
4. ^ M. G. Lawrence, "The relationship between relative humidity and the dew point temperature in moist air: A simple
conversion and applications", Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 86, 225-233, 2005
5. ^ www.srh.noaa.gov/images/epz/wxcalc/rhTdFromWetBulb.pdf
External links
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- PhyMetrix
- Vaisala
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