INTRODUCTION
Mixed-use High Rise Habitat isin a broad senseany urban,
suburban development, or even a single building, that blends a
combination of residential, commercial, cultural, institutional, or
industrial uses, where those functions are physically and
functionally integrated, and that provides pedestrian connections.
NEED OF PROJECT
MIXED-USE
HIGH RISE
CASE STUDIES
KOHINOOR SQUARE
Since the 1990s, mixed-use zoning has once again become desirable as
the benefits are recognized. These benefits include
greater housing variety and density
reduced distances between housing, workplaces, retail businesses, and
other destinations
more compact development
stronger neighborhood character
pedestrian and bicycle-friendly environments
Mumbai currently faces Space shortage issue and various social issues
one of which is travelling from one end to another. A resilient mixed-used
complex is an attempt to Address these issues.
LINKED HYBRID
KANCHANJUNGA
APARTMENT
Bombay, India, 1970-1983
Architect: Charles Correa
Program: Residential
Plot Area: 2900m2
Building Footprint: 432 m2
Gross Floor Area: 5,260 m2
Height: 84 m
Floor counts: 28 stories
Lifts: 3 + 1
Status: Constructed
Beijing
Mumbai
L
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E
L
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T
E
R
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T
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Sr PROJECT NAME
1
LOCATIO
N
TYPE
SELECTION CRITERIA
MIXED USE
KANCHANJUNGA
APT.
MUMABI
AQUARIA GRANDE
MUMBAI
Sr PROJECT NAME
LOCATIO
N
TYPE
SELECTION CRITERIA
LINKED HYBRID
BEIJING
,CHINA
MIXED USE
A 3D URBAN
STURCUTRE
OF MIXED HIGH RISE
TAIPEI 101
TAIPEI,
TAIWAN
COMMERCIAL
ICONIC STRUCTURE
KOHINOOR SQUARE
Dadar, Mumbai, 2009-15
Architect: SSA Architects, Mumbai
Client: The Kohinoor Group
Program: Mixed-Use
Plot Area: 18,615 sq.m
Floor Area: 50,000 sq.m for Office
Height: 203 meters Main building,
142 meters Residence Building
Floor counts: 52 stories, 32 stories
Cost US$: 0.33 billion
Lifts: 28(24+4)
Status: Under-Constructed
Parking -3500
132 residential units
OBJECTIVE: To study planning and design of Mixed-use High rise in context to Mumbai
Climate of Mumbai
Site &
Surrounding
In India, Aquaria Grande
is located Borivali, a
suburb of Mumbai. The
site is surrounded by a
dense Low-Rise
residential areas hence
its Tallest structure in
the vicinity.
There are many parks
and schools as well near
to the site
Taipei
AQUARIA GRANDE
Taipei City, Taiwan, 2004
01
OBJECTIVE:
TO study A high Rise
structure according to
the DCR for Mumbai
TAIPEI 101
Taipei City, Taiwan, 2004
Architect: C.Y. Lee & partners
Client: Taipei Financial Center Corp
Program: Commercial
Building Footprint: 2500 m2
Gross Floor Area: 412.500 m2
Height: 508 m
Floor counts: 101 stories
Cost US$: 1.6 billion
Lifts: 61
Status: Constructed
KOHINOOR
SQUARE
KANCHANJUNGA APT.
Bombay, India, 1970-1983
Architect: Charles Correa
Client: Plot Area: 2900m2 Building
Footprint: 432 m2 Gross
Floor Area: 5,260 m2
Height: 84 m
Cost $ Unknown Lifts: 3 + 1
Status: Constructed
Charles correa
bombay,india
1970-1983
Concept
CONCEPT OF THEARCHITECT
The Tower is one of the masterpieces of Indian
architect, Charleas Correa. Kanchanjunga Apartments
is a 28 story height high end residential building built
in Bombay, 1983. It was clear that the architect has
reference to Lecorbusiers crossover units in Unit
habitation in Marseilles in 1952. Correa planned
the 3 and 4 bedroom units interlocking with 5 and
6 bedroom units. 3-4 bedroom units occupies on
and half level, and 5-6 bedroom units occupies two
and half levels. There are small level displacement
within the units to differenciate outdoor terrace and
indoor living space, dining room and bedrooms and
so on. These change of levels hide the living and bed
rooms from the heat of sun and rains, while the big
opening of balcony could get as much day light as
possible. The whole building structure is built by
reinforced concrete. The open terrace part is a 6m
deep cantilever structure. Central core with lifts and
shafts and building services so it also provide central
stability element for lateral loads.
The appearance of the building has strong
resemblance of modern western building design.
Especially the white plain surface with concrete
construction. But the apartment design is an
interperation of traditional Indian bungalow with
verandah which is a main part of living area of indian
family.
The tower is 21m square on plan, and 1:4 proportion
on elevation, 84m height. It has a plain facade surface,
with cut away to open up double height balcony.
EXTRA TEXT EXPLANATION
EVOLUTIONARY ABOUT THE CONCEPT
The tower design reinterperated the traditional
living style of indian with modern architecture.
And it is succesfully merged with environmential
consideration, and social needs in this tower. Correas
strong design signiture of sectional displacement
where appropriate by changes in oor surface is
most elaborated in this project. The complexity of
internal spacial organization to create level changes
and interlocking four types of units was pushed to an
extreme in this project..
KANCHANJUNGA
APARTMENT
MAIN
ENTRY
PARKING
EXIT
PARKING
ENRTY
03
KANCHANJUNGA APT.
Bombay, India, 1970-1983
Architect: Charles Correa
Client: Plot Area: 2900m2 Building
Footprint: 432 m2 Gross
Floor Area: 5,260 m2
Height: 84 m
Cost $ Unknown Lifts: 3 + 1
Status: Constructed
Charles correa
bombay,india
1970-1983
Concept
CONCEPT OF THEARCHITECT
The Tower is one of the masterpieces of Indian
architect, Charleas Correa. Kanchanjunga Apartments
is a 28 story height high end residential building built
in Bombay, 1983. It was clear that the architect has
reference to Lecorbusiers crossover units in Unit
habitation in Marseilles in 1952. Correa planned
the 3 and 4 bedroom units interlocking with 5 and
6 bedroom units. 3-4 bedroom units occupies on
and half level, and 5-6 bedroom units occupies two
and half levels. There are small level displacement
within the units to differenciate outdoor terrace and
indoor living space, dining room and bedrooms and
so on. These change of levels hide the living and bed
rooms from the heat of sun and rains, while the big
opening of balcony could get as much day light as
possible. The whole building structure is built by
reinforced concrete. The open terrace part is a 6m
deep cantilever structure. Central core with lifts and
shafts and building services so it also provide central
stability element for lateral loads.
The appearance of the building has strong
resemblance of modern western building design.
Especially the white plain surface with concrete
construction. But the apartment design is an
interperation of traditional Indian bungalow with
verandah which is a main part of living area of indian
family.
The tower is 21m square on plan, and 1:4 proportion
on elevation, 84m height. It has a plain facade surface,
with cut away to open up double height balcony.
EXTRA TEXT EXPLANATION
EVOLUTIONARY ABOUT THE CONCEPT
The tower design reinterperated the traditional
living style of indian with modern architecture.
And it is succesfully merged with environmential
consideration, and social needs in this tower. Correas
strong design signiture of sectional displacement
where appropriate by changes in oor surface is
most elaborated in this project. The complexity of
internal spacial organization to create level changes
and interlocking four types of units was pushed to an
extreme in this project..
KANCHANJUNGA
APARTMENT
MAIN
ENTRY
PARKING
EXIT
PARKING
ENRTY
03
STRUCTURE
Whole structure is
made of reinforced
concrete. The
building is a 32
storied rein-forced
concrete structure
With 6.3 m
cantilevered open
terraces. The
central core houses
lifts and other
services also
provides the main
structural element
for resisting lateral
loads. The central
core was
constructed ahead
of the main
structure by slip
method of
construction. This
technique was used
for the first time in
India for a multistoried building.
KANCHANJUNGA
APARTMENT
MATERIALS&COLOURS
04
AQUARIA GRANDE
THE
MUMBAI,INDIA
Architect: james Law
Client: Wadhwa Group
Program: Residential
Building Footprint: 13,680 sq.m
Gross Floor Area: 30,500 sq.m
Height: 164 m , Two tower
Floor counts: 42 stories
Lifts: 8
Status: Constructed
Parking- 409
202 residential units
RESIDENTIAL
PROPOSED
OBJECTIVE:
TO study A high Rise
structure according to
the DCR of Mumbai
BY
DEVELOPMENT
DEMOLISHING
IS
THE
EXISTING STRUCTURES.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF THIS PROPERTY
HAS BEEN PROPOSED AS A RESIDENTIAL
DEVELOPMENT
ALONG
WITH
PUBLIC
BUILD
A RESIDENTIAL
1st
Total bldg. :
meters.
Podium
2nd Podium
3rd Podium
Refuge Floor
SECTION
AQUARIA GRANDE
05
CLUB
HOUSE
INCLUDES
GYM, SWIMMING
CLUB
HOUSE
IS
FOR BOTH
BUILDING
IT
ALSO
INCLUDES
SPORTS
CLUB
WITH
SECTION
SHOWING
REFUGE FLOORS
WHICH IS 4%
AREA OF THE
HABITABLE ZONE
ABOVE
Refuge floors
: 5th, 11th, 17th,
23rd & 29th
AQUARIA GRANDE
92 nos.
140 nos.
149 nos.
Upper Basement
28 nos.
Total
409 nos.
Parking Statement
Carpet Areas
Rule (DCR)
No. of Flats
Parking
Required
1 for 4 flats
--
--
35.00 to 45.00
sq.mt.
1 for 2 flats
--
--
45.00 to 70.00
sq.mt.
1 for 1 flat
--
--
2 for 1 flat
180
360
Total
360
Visitors parking
36
396
409
06
LINKED HYBRID
Beijing, China, 2007
Architect: Steven Holl Architects
Client: Modern Investment Group,
Beijing Plot Area: 61.800 m2
Building Footprint: 15.500
m2 Gross Floor Area:
221.000 m2 Height: 68 m
OBJECTIVE: To understand programmatic planning of urban
Cost US$:
space at community level or mixed use
habitat at
Unknown Lifts: 34
international level
Status: Constructed
664 Residential units
Concept
CONCEPT OF THEARCHITECT
Linked Hybrid projects a renewed thinking about the public space within
large scale high rise projects. Holl shows us in this project how his ideal
vertical city should work. It is his ideal city within a city.
The horizontal traditional urban structure, continuous plinth with services,
is combined with the vertical cit y, disrupted plinth.
07
LINKED
HYBRID
Horizontal
and Vertical
circulation
08
LINKED
HYBRID
TAIPEI 101
Taipei City, Taiwan, 2004
Concept
CONCEPT OF THEARCHITECT
The unusual tower shape is an idea of the architect C.Y. Lee from
Taipei. He was inspired by local culture, the building reflects the
culture in which it functions. Lee was looking for balance between
local culture and internationalism. The tall building symbolizes
a broader understanding and anticipation of things to come:
we climb in order to see further. The building rises from the
ground like a bamboo, a symbol of everlasting strength in Chinese
culture. In the section, the shape of a pagoda is recognizable.
Taipe 101 Tower rises in 8 modules, a design based on the Chinese
lucky number 8. In cultures that observe a seven-day week the
number eight symbolizes a renewal of time (7+1). In cultures
where seven is the lucky number, 8 represent 1 better than lucky
seven. Each modue has 8 floors and flares wider t the top. There
are 101 floors above the ground and 5 floors underground.
It s more challenging to design and build a super-tal building
in Taipei than any other location in the world because t yphoon
winds, large potential earthquakes and weak soil conditions all
need to be overcome. A damping system was implemented to
reduce the excessive lateral accelerations from wind.
In the time it was build, the height of the Taipei 101 was
recordbreaking, previously held by the Petronas Towers with
452 meters. It was the highest building in the world, build in an
area with t yphoons and earthquakes! The height of 101 floors
commemorates the renewal of time: the new century that arrived
as the tower was built (100+1) and all the new years that follow
(January 1 = 1-01). It symbolizes high ideals by going one better
on 100, a traditional number of perfection.
EVOLUTIONARY ABOUT THE CONCEPT
IMAGES
1.
2.
3.
Construction drawings
Elevators overview
Taipei 101 as a landmark in the evening
SOURCES
Wells, M. (2003) Wolkenkrabbers. Alphen a/d Rijn, Atrium Uitgeverij
http://www.archinomy.com/case-studies/671/taipei-101-a-case-stud
http://www.architectureweek.com/2005/0330/building_2-2.html
http://www.cnn.com/2003/WORLD/asiapcf/
http://www.etaiwannews.com/etn/news_content.php?id=1147437&lang=eng_news
http://www.skyscraperpicture.com/taipei101.htm
http://www.taipei-101.com.tw/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Taipei_101#cite_note-etaiwannews.com-15east/10/17/taiwan.tower/
09
TAIPEI
101
In India Kohinoor
Square is located in the
heart of the city Dadar,
Greater Mumbai.
site is in commercial
hub. Surrounded by
various high end
national and
international office and
luxurious apartments.
The famous Shivaji park
is a 5 mins walk from the
site.
In India, Aquaria
Grande is located
Borivali, a suburb of
Mumbai. The site is
surrounded by a dense
Low-Rise residential
areas hence its Tallest
structure in the vicinity.
There are many parks
and schools as well
near to the site
In China, Linked
Hybrid is located
Beijing. The site is
surrounded by many
high rise colonies of
same developer. It is
also adjacent to the old
cityIt has Good
connectivity the cities
express way. Hence
can attract a many
visitors in their city
within a city
SOIL TYPE
Dadar is situated in the heart of mumbai, soil
is loamy and sandy, due to proximity to sea.
Similar to soil types in northwestern also
similar because of occurrence of basalt rock.
ORIENTATION
The homes and Offices offer unrivalled
and unrestricted views of the Northern
Suburbs, South Mumbai, Eastern Port
and the Arabian Sea.
Arabian
Sea.
View
City View.
CONCEPT
Design Concept: An iconic structure
drawing inspiration from the diamond.
Plan form
basically evolved
from the cross
ventilation
process through
the west to east
travelling winds
of Mumbai
Where balconies
also gave an
artistic
impression to the
towers
PRATEEK
SRIVASTAVA
Vth Year B.ARCH
MIT-Aurangabad
ZONNING-PARKING-FSI CONSUMED
RESIDENTIAL
TOWERS
RETAIL SPACE
RESIDENTAIL
PARKING
Program: Mixed-Use
Plot Area: 18,615 sq.m
Floor Area: 50,000 sq.m
Height: 203 meters Main building,
142 meters Residence Building
Floor counts: 52 stories, 32 stories
Cost US$: 0.33 billion
Lifts: 28
Status: Under-Constructed
50000 SQ.M FOR OFFICES
132 RESIDENTIAL UNITS
PARKING-3500 IN 13 STORIES
PLOT AREA 4.8 ACRE
PUBLIC
ENTRY
CLUB
OFFICES
COMMERCIAL AND
ENTERTAIMENT SPACES
9M SERVICE
WIDE ENTRY
3 LEVEL OF PODIUM
PARKING BBELOW
GARDN
PRIVATE ENTRY
Program: Residential
Plot Area: 2900 sq.m
Building Footprint: 432 sq.m
Floor Area: 5260 sq.m
Height: 84 m
Floor counts: 28 stories
Lifts: 4
Status: Constructed
Program: Residential
Plot Area: 13,680 sq.m
Gross Floor Area: 30,500 sq.m
Height: 164 m , Two tower
Floor counts: 42 stories
Lifts: 6
Status: Constructed
Program: Mixed-Use
Plot Area: 61.800 m2
Building Footprint: 15,500 sq.m
Gross Floor Area: 2,21,000 sq.m
Height: 68 m
Floor counts: 21 stories
Lifts: 34
Status: Constructed
36 RESIDENTIAL UNITS
PARKING PROVIDED IN LEVELS
FSI CONSUMED 3.5
Program: Commercial
Building Footprint: 2500 m2
Gross Floor Area: 412500 m2
Height: 508 m
Floor counts: 101 stories
Cost US$: 1.6 billion
Lifts: 61
Status: Constructed
VERTICAL ZONING
Natural Method
In Mumbai, a building has to be oriented eastwest to catch prevailing sea breezes and to
open up the best views of the city.
Unfortunately, these are also the directions of
the hot sun and the heavy monsoon rains. The
old bungalows solved these problems by
wrapping a protective layer of verandas around
the main living areas, thus providing the
occupants with two lines of defence against
the elements.
Natural Method
Plan form basically evolved from the
cross ventilation process through the
west to east travelling winds of
Mumbai
Where balconies also gave an
artistic impression to the towers
Green method
Linked Hybrids ground source heat pump
system shoulders 70% of the complexs yearly
heating and cooling load. The system consists
of 655 geothermal wells, 100 meters below the
basement foundation. The underground wells
have taken the place of above-ground space
normally needed for cooling towers,
increasing available green areas, minimizing
noise pollution and significantly reducing the
CO2 emissions
created by
traditional
heating/cooling
methods.
PRATEEK
SRIVASTAVA
Vth Year B.ARCH
MIT-Aurangabad
SERVICE CORE
The Central Core
is surrounded by
the office spaces
and refuge areas
(at 24 meter of
height)
There are
segregated office
space from 2nd to
24th floor with
toilets to each
office and a
common toilet s
also provided on
all these floors.
Central core consist of 24Lifts
3 Lobbies of 6 Lifts serving levels
25th to 39th
Spaces between the lifts where a lift
lobby is not provided are used as
toilets with dust at either side: 2 lifts
from this pack of 6 are assessable to
lower floors as well
1 lobby of 4 lifts serving levels 1st to
24th
There is a lift bank at 24th floor .
2 services lifts travelling Throughout
the building
2 Stair cases are also placed in the
core
Residential Tower
Central core serves 3 lifts and 1
services lifts
It connects 8 units on each floor
It connects 6 on 17th floor which is
refuge floor
UNITS- 2.5 bhk 3bhk 3.5 bhk
PRATEEK
SRIVASTAVA
Vth Year B.ARCH
MIT-Aurangabad
Central core
Central core is the heart of
any skyscraper
It must be efficiently designed
in terms of planning as well
as cost
A core holds all the services
of a skyscraper hence it
contains structural values as
well
AREA DISTRIBUTION
Kohinoor Square
Hotel
Office
Residential
Retail
Parking
Services
Recreational ground
3%
13%
10%
21%
26%
Central core
Central core is the heart of
Taipei
It connects all 101 floors
though a number of lifts
The Fastest lift is travelling at
a speed of 1010 m/ min.
That is 16.7 m/s
Travelling though 364 m of
height
The downward speed is 10m/s
16%
11%
Residential
Services
Parking
25%
15%
60%
Kanchanjunga Apt.
REFUGE AREAS
Refuge Floors
At 11th floor the first refuge floor is
provided
DCR RULE
In case of high-rise bldg. more than 30
m then first refuge floor shall be
provided at 24 m or first habitable floor
whichever is higher. Thereafter at every
seventh habitable floor.
Refuge floors
: 5th, 11th, 17th,
23rd & 29th
SECTION SHOWING
REFUGE FLOORS
WHICH IS 4% AREA OF
THE HABITABLE ZONE
ABOVE