1. What are the three layers of the heart?

-Endocardium (innermost layer), Myocardium (middle,

muscular layer), and the Epicardium (outermost layer)
2. Which part of the pericardium is in direct contact with the
epicardium, the visceral layer or the parietal layer?
- Visceral layer

3. Which part of the pericardium is in direct contact with the

mediastinum, the visceral layer or the parietal layer?
-The parietal layer
4. What is the normal amount of fluid in between the visceral
and parietal layers of the pericardium?
10-30 ml
5. Which ventricular wall is the thickest, the right or the left?
-The left ventricular wall is 2-3 times thicker than the
right.
6. The thickness of the ______ ventricle is necessary to generate
the force needed to pump the body's blood into systemic
circulation.
-Left
7. The _____ atrium of the heart receives blood from the inferior
and superior venae cavae and the coronary sinus.
-Right atrium
8. Describe the flow of blood through the right side of the
heart, starting from the right atrium:

-Blood enters the right atrium. As the atrium pressure

increases the tricuspid valves open allowing blood to flow
into the right ventricle. When the heart contracts, the
pulmonic valves open and blood flows from the right
ventricle into the pulmonary circulation via the pulmonary
artery.
9. Describe the flow of blood from the left side of the heart,
starting with the left atrium:
-Pulmonary veins bring blood from the lungs and fills
the left atrium. As the pressure builds, the mitral valve opens
allowing blood to enter the ventricle. When the heart
contracts, the aortic valve opens and blood is pushed out to
the aorta
10.

At what point is blood flow due to high pressure?

-When it enters the aorta and flows into systemic
circulation

11.
What are the thin, fibrous tissues called that attach the
mitral and tricuspid valves to the papillary muscles of the
ventricles?
-The chordae tendineae (heart strings)
12.
Which of the heart's valves are called the semilunar
valves?
-The Pulmonic and Aortic
13.
When does the heart receive most of its blood, during
systole or diastole?
During diastole, when the heart is relaxed

14.
What arteries supply blood to the left atrium, left
ventricle, intraventricular septum and part of the right
ventricle?
-The left coronary artery (which arises from the aorta)
and its two main branches: the left anterior descending
artery and the left circumflex artery.
15.
Which artery(ies) supplies blood to the right atrium,
right ventricle, and a portion of the posterior wall of the left
ventricle?
-The right coronary artery (arising from the aorta)
16.
In 90% of the population, the ______ artery supplies
blood to the Bundle of His and the atrioventricular node (AV
node).
-Right coronary artery (arising from the aorta)
17.
Why does obstruction of the right coronary artery often
lead to serious defects in the coronary conduction system?
-It supplies blood to the bundle of His and the AV nodes
(both part of the conduction system)
18.
The electrical impulse conducted through the heart is
called the...
-Action Potential
19.
The electrical impulse of the heart is initiated in the
______, also called the pacemaker of the heart.
-SA Node
20.
Describe the general pathway of the electrical current
in the heart, starting with the SA Node...

-SA Node-beginning Travels through the atria to the AV

node Bundle of His Left and Right Bundle Branches (splits
along the septum into each of the ventricles) Purkinje Fibers
(along the ventricle walls) Ventricles contract