A Comparative Research on

Indonesian National Police

and
Philippine National Police

Comparative POLICE System

Process of outlining the similarities and differences of one police system to another in order to discover
insights in the field of international policing.
Topics to be discuss:

POLICING SYSTEM
POLICE UNITS(AREA OF RESPONSIBILITY)
POLICE CAPABILITIES
REQUIREMENTS TO JOIN POLICE FORCE

Transnational Crime
It is a term that has been used in comparative
and international criminal justice study in recent years to reflect the
complexity and enormity of global crime issues.
It is defined by the United Nations (UN) offences whose inception, proportion
and/or direct or indirect effects involve in more than one country.
Examples of Transnational Crimes
1. Money laundering
2. Drug trafficking
3. Terrorism
4. Human trafficking
5. Cyber crime

The Indonesian National Police

When large parts of Indonesia was under Dutch colonial occupation until 1940s, Police duties were
performed by either military establishments or colonial police known as the veldpolitie or the fields
police.
Japanese occupation during WW II brought changes when the Japanese formed various armed
organizations to support their war.
This had led to the distribution of weapons to military trained youths, which were largely confiscated
from the Dutch armoury.
After the Japanese occupation, the national police became an armed organization.
The Indonesian police was established in 1946, and its units fought in the Indonesian National
Revolution against the invading Dutch forces. Also participated in suppressing the 1948 communist
revolt in Madiun. In 1966, the police was brought under the control of Armed Forces Chief.
Following the proclamation of independence, the police played a vital role when they actively
supported the peoples movement to dismantle the Japanese army. And to strengthen the defence of
the newly created Republic of Indonesia.
The police were not combatants who were required to surrender their weapons to Allied forces.
During the revolution of independence, the police gradually formed into what is now known as
Kepolisian Negara Republic Indonesia (POLRI) or the Indonesian National Police.
In 2000, the police force officially regained its independence and now is separate from the military.

List of Chiefs of Police (Kapolri)

R Said Soekanto Tjokrodiatmodjo
Soekarno Djojonegoro
Soetjipto Danoekoesoemo
Soetjipto Joedodihardjo
Hoegeng Imam Santoso
Moch. Hasan
Widodo Budidarmo
Awaluddin Djamin
Anton Sudjarwo
Moch. Sanoesi
Kunarto
Banurusman Astrosemitro
Dibyo Widodo
Roesmanhadi
Roesdihardjo
Suroyo Bimantoro

(29 September 1945-14 December 1959)

(15 December 1959-29 December 1963)
(30 December 1963-8 May 1965)
(9 May 1965-8 May 1968)
(9 May 1968-2 October 1971)
(3 October 1971-1974)
(1974-25 September 1978)
(26 September 1978-1982)
(1982-1986)
(1986-19 February 1991)
(20 February 1991-April 1993)
(April 1993-March 1996)
(March 1996-28 June 1998)
(29 June 1998-3 January 2000)
(4 January 2000-22 September 2000)
(23 September 2000-28 November 2001)

Da'I Bachtiar
Sutanto
Bambang Hendarso Danuri
Timur Pradopo
Soetarman
Badrodin Haiti
Tito Karnavian

(29 November 2001-7 July 2005)

(8 July 2005-30 September 2008)
(30 September 2008 October 2010)
(October 2010 - October 2013)
(October 2013 - Present )
(17 April 2015 13 July 2016)
(13 July 2016 present)

Ranks of Indonesian National Police

RANKS
In the early years, the Polri used European police style ranks like inspector and commissioner.
When the police were included into the military structure during the 1960s, the ranks changed to a
military style such as Captain, Major and Colonel. In the year 2000, when the Polri conducted the
transition to a fully independent force out of the armed forces 2000, they use British style police ranks
like Inspector and Superintendent. The Polri have returned to Dutch style ranks just like in the early years.

High ranking officers

o
Police General / Jenderal Polisi (Jend. Pol.) - equivalent General in the army
o
Police Commissioner General / Komisaris Jenderal Polisi (Komjen Pol.) - equivalent Lieutenant
General
o
Police Inspector General / Inspektur Jenderal Polisi (Irjen Pol.) - equivalent Major General
o
Police Brigadier General / Brigadir Jenderal Polisi (Brigjen Pol.) - equivalent Brigadier General

Mid rank officers

o
Police Grand Commissioner / Komisaris Besar Polisi (Kombespol) - equivalent Colonel
o
Police Grand Commissioner Adjutant / Ajun Komisaris Besar Polisi (AKBP) - equivalent
Lieutenant Colonel
o
Police Commissioner / Komisaris Polisi (Kompol) - equivalent Major

Low rank officers

o
Police Commissioner Adjutant / Ajun Komisaris Polisi (AKP) - equivalent Captain
o
First Police Inspector / Inspektur Polisi Satu (Iptu) - equivalent First Lieutenant
o
Second Police Inspector / Inspektur Polisi Dua (Ipda) - equivalent Second Lieutenant

Warrant officers
o
First Police Inspector Adjutant / Ajun Inspektur Polisi Satu (Aiptu) - equivalent Chief Warrant
Officer
o
Second Police Inspector Adjutant / Ajun Inspektur Polisi Dua (Aipda) - equivalent Warrant
Officer

Non-commissioned officers
o
Chief Police Brigadier / Brigadir Polisi Kepala (Bripka) - equivalent Sergeant Major
o
Police Brigadier / Brigadir Polisi (Brigadir) - equivalent Chief Sergeant
o
First Police Brigadier / Brigadir Polisi Satu (Briptu) - equivalent First Sergeant
o
Second Police Brigadier / Brigadir Polisi Dua (Bripda) - equivalent Second Sergeant

Enlisted
o
Police Brigadier Adjutant / Ajun Brigadir Polisi (Abrip) - equivalent Chief Corporal
o
First Police Brigadier Adjutant / Ajun Brigadir Polisi Satu (Abriptu) - equivalent First Corporal
o
Second Police Brigadier Adjutant / Ajun Brigadir Polisi Dua (Abripda) - equivalent Second
Corporal

o
o
o

Chief Bhayangkara / Bhayangkara Kepala (Bharaka) - equivalent Chief Private

First Bhayangkara / Bhayangkara Satu (Bharatu) - equivalent Private First Class
Second Bhayangkara / Bhayangkara Dua (Bharada) - equivalent Private

The Philippine National Police

The common history of the police forces of the Philippines can be traced back to the reigns of the preHispanic lakans, datus and sultans in the islands, where soldiers who served in the communities where the
people lived (and which reported directly to local leaders) also enforced local laws.
All changed with the arrival of the Spanish rule and the introduction of Western law to the archipelago.
Until 1868, personnel of the Spanish army and local militias were also tasked with policing duties in local
communities, together with the Island Carabiniers (raised 1768 and the colony's first ever police service).
In that year, the local branch of the Civil Guard was officially established by order of then GovernorGeneral Carlos Mara de la Torre y Nava Cerrada. Starting from a single division, during the
Revolutionary period it grew into a corps of military police with detachments in Luzon and the Visayas,
and was notorious for its abuses against Filipinos. (These abuses were mentioned in Jos Rizal's two
novels, Noli Me Tngere and El filibusterismo, both writing about several cases of Civil Guardsmen
abusing the local populace.)
With the beginning of American rule and the PhilippineAmerican War, the Philippine Constabulary (PC)
was raised in 1901 as a national gendarmerie force for law enforcement, directly reporting to the
American government. At the same time, what is now the Manila Police District came into existence as
the Philippines' first city police force. Later police forces began to model the US departments.

The PC was later integrated into the ranks of the Armed Forces of the Philippines in the late 1930s - first
as a command of the Army, and later on its own after the State Police folded. (The PC's personnel would
later be fighting on both sides in the Second World War.)

Passed on December 13, 1990, Republic Act No. 6975, the Department of the Interior and Local
Government Act of 1990, ordered the merger of both the Philippine Constabulary and the Integrated
National Police and formally created the Philippine National Police. R.A. 6975 was further amended by
R.A. 8551, the Philippine National Police Reform and Reorganization Act of 1998, and by R.A. 9708.
The R.A. 8551 envisioned the PNP to be a community- and service-oriented agency.

List of Chiefs of the Philippine National Police

The "Director General" is head of the Philippine National Police and the position is invariably held by a
four-star general.

Cesar P. Nazareno
Raul S. Imperial
Umberto A. Rodriguez
Recaredo A. Sarmiento II
Santiago L. Alino
Roberto T. Lastimoso
Edmundo L. Larroza
Panfilo M. Lacson
Leandro Mendoza

(March 31, 1991 August 28, 1992)

(August 28, 1992 May 6, 1993)
(May 6, 1993 July 8, 1994)
(July 8, 1994 December 15, 1997)
(December 15, 1997 July 1998)
(July 19981999)
(1999 November 16, 1999)
(November 16, 1999 January 2001)
(March 16, 2001 - July 2002)

Hemogenes E. Ebdane Jr.

Edgar B. Aglipay
Arturo Lomibao
Oscar C. Calderon
Avelino I. Razon Jr.
Jesus A. Verzosa
Raul Bacalzo
Nicanor Bartolome
Alan Purisima
Leonardo Espina (OIC)
Ricardo C. Marquez
Ronald Dela Rosa

(July 2002 August 23, 2004)

(August 23, 2004 March 14, 2005)
(March 14, 2005 August 29, 2006)
(August 29, 2006 October 1, 2007)
(October 1, 2007 September 27, 2008)
(September 27, 2008 September 14, 2010)
(September 14, 2010 September 9, 2011)
(September 9, 2011 December 17, 2012)
(December 17, 2012 February 5, 2015)
(February 5, 2015 July 16, 2015)
(June 16, 2015 June 30, 2016)
(July 1, 2016 present)

The Indonesian National Police Seal

Police logo named Rastra Sewakottama meaning "Police are Abdi Top of the Nusa and the Nation."This
title is the first of the Tri Brata Brata who swore live by police since July 1, 1954.

Shield means protector of the people and the country.

Pole and torch - meaningful affirmation of police duties, in addition to giving
sesuluh or illumination also means awakening the conscience of the community
always be aware of the need for security and order conditions are steady.

to

The radiation of the torch - which amounted to 17 with 8 corners

transmit plated four poles and five meaningful buffer August 17,
1945, the day of the proclamation of independence, which means the
police play a direct role in the process of independence and at the
same time that the police statement was never out of the struggle of
the nation.
Rice and cotton stalks - illustrate the ideals of the nation towards
equitable and prosperous life, while 29 cotton leaf with 9 pistils and 45
grain is a declaration of the date of the inauguration of the first police
chief 29 September 1945 were held by police general said soekanto tjokrodiatmodjo Raden Said.
3 Stars - over meaningful logo Tri Brata is a way of life Police. While black and yellow are the colors of
the legendary Police.
The black color - is a symbol of eternity and steady poise meaningful hope that the police always do not
waver in any circumstances; quiet, has a high national stability and excellence in order to always think
clearly, clean, and precise in making decisions.

The Philippine National Police Seal

Lapu-Lapu Hero - The great Filipino hero of Mactan, the prototype of the
best and most noble in Filipino manhood who is the symbol and
embodiment of all the genuine attributes of leadership, courage,
nationalism, self-reliance and a people-based and people powered
community defense. The benevolent and heroic warrior who derived
added strength from a cohesive, determined and loyal people is today
a fitting symbol and a prototype as well of people power to preserve
our values, customs, traditions, way of life and the rule of law thru a
solidly community-based police system. Lapu-Lapu also personifies
for us today civilian constitutional authority.
Laurel - Green Laurel with 14 leaves, symbolizes the 14 Regional
Commands. It is also a symbol of the honor, dignity and the privilege of
being a member of a noble organization where the call to public service is
par excellence a commitment to public trust.
Shield - The symbol of the Philippine Constabulary, the first National Police by virtue of Organic Act No.
175, enacted by the Philippine Commission on 18 July 1901. The Philippine Constabulary for the close to
90 years of service to the nation has performed with honor, professionalism and courage. The PC has
carved out a large part of the glorious pages of Philippine history, as attested by its proudly and
deservedly garnering 86 of the 92 "Medals of Valor" the highest honor that a grateful Filipino nation can
bestow on its gallant sons in the service of the Republic. Most appropriately therefore, the Philippine
Constabulary became the nucleus of the Integrated National Police in 1975 to nurture the then embryonic
concept of the nationalization of the country's local police forces.
Three Stars - Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao and the 1,700 islands and the territorial integrity wherein the
National Police must enforce the law and maintain peace and order with professionalism, zeal and
dedication in keeping with the highest ideals and traditions of service to our country and people.
Service Honor Justice - Added distinct ideals for the officers, men and women of the PNP to insure
efficiency, integrity, cohesiveness, camaraderie and equanimity to enhance community acceptance and
support to attain its mission of peace keeping and law enforcement.
Sun - Symbolize the flowering, maturing and ultimate realization of the glorious evolution of the PC/INP
into a National Police Organization - "national in scope and civilian in character" - as enshrined in the
1986 Constitution. The Traditional light rays which represents the fightingest provinces whose ideals of
courage and patriotism the members of the National Police must
THE INDONESIAN NATIONAL POLICE
400,000+ police officers and civilian employees
RATIO 1:630(255M INDONESIAN POPULATION)
RATIO 1:500 (IDEAL TARGET)
THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE
160,000+ police officers, of which about 10,000 are non-uniformed personnel
RATIO 1:625 (100M FILIPINO POPULATION)
RATIO 1:500 (IDEAL TARGET)
Salary INP and PNP
INDONESIAN NATIONAL POLICE LOWEST RANK SALARY
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE LOWEST RANK SALARY

RP 1,560,000 RUPIAH
P 14,800 PESOS

FABIAN***
Akademi Kepolisian (AKPOL)

is the main institute, training center, and school for new recruits joining the Indonesian National
Police Force to become highly trained and professional officers. After 4 years being a cadet in
the Police Academy, they will graduate with the rank of Second Police Inspector (Inspektur
Polisi Dua), equivalent to Second Lieutenant in the Military. The academy is located in
Semarang, Central Java

PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE ACADEMY (PNPA)

was established under Section 19, Presidential Decree 1184 and became a primary component of
the Philippine Public Safety College (PPSC) pursuant to Section 67 of Republic Act No. 6975
which was created to provide preparatory education and training of the three uniformed bureaus
of the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG) namely, Philippine National
Police (PNP), Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) and Bureau of Jail Management and Penology
(BJMP).

The Mobile Brigade Police force of Indonesia (BRIMOB POLRI) or (BRIMOB)

the elite/special forces of the Indonesian National Police. Brimob is the paramilitary
force of Indonesia and takes the duties for handling high-level threat of public secure also special
police operations.
This unit also becomes the back-up force for the riot control purposes. The personnel of this unit
are identifiable with their dark blue berets.
Its training and equipment is almost identical to the Indonesian Armys ("TNI"),

GEGANA

Its main specialty are bomb disposal and explosives treatment during in urban settings.
an internal unit of the Brimob special Police corps who have special abilities in the field of antiterrorism, bomb disposal, intelligence, anti-anarchist, and handling of Chemical, Biological, and
Radio Active threats.

Directorate of Narcotics and Drugs

(Indonesian: Direktorat Reserse Narkoba)
a police unit responsible for the handling and prosecution of illegal drugs and narcotics.

PHILIPPINE DRUG ENFORCEMENT AGENCY

responsible for preventing, investigating and combating any dangerous drugs,

controlled precursors and essential chemicals within the Philippines. The agency is tasked with

the enforcement of the penal and regulatory provisions of Republic Act No. 9165 (R.A. 9165),
otherwise known as the Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002.
PDEA is the implementing arm of the Dangerous Drugs Board (DDB). PDEA and DDB are both
under the supervision of the Office of the President.

The Detachment 88 or Densus 88

is an Indonesian Police Special Forces squad specialty in the field of counter-terrorism. Their
identities are usually kept secret, and usually operate with unmarked Toyota Kijang vehicles.

PNP SPECIAL ACTION FORCE

Counter terrorism operations against local and international terrorist groups.

Civil disturbance management (CDM) during mass actions in support to local police unit.
SAF develops and trains organic personnel including other PNP units and agencies in the
furtherance of the mission.
SAF is also tasked to provide security to vital installations such as foreign embassies and the PNP
National Headquarters and has been tapped by the Presidential Security Group to secure the
President of the Philippines and other VIPs.

SABHARA (Samapta Bhayangkara)

the main public unit of the National Police of Indonesia that directly supervises the public order
and public security. It is the most common police unit in the country which actively
conducts patroling and community service.
The "Sabhara" unit is also the first dispatched force for riot control before seeking back-up from
the Brimob unit if the riot gets more violent. The personnel of this police unit are identifiable with
their dark brown berets and usually are stationed in mostly police offices or police stations across
Indonesia.

Police-Community Relations Group (PCRG)

This group undertakes and orchestrates Police Community Relations program and activities in
partnership with concerned government agencies, the community, and volunteer organizations in
order to prevent crime and attain a safe and peaceful environment

DEVERO***
The Traffic Police of Indonesia (Indonesian: Polantas/Korlantas POLRI)

is the traffic police law enforcement unit which have specialty in duty for directing, controlling,
patrolling, and to take action in traffic situations in the streets, roads, and highway of the country.
This unit also serves for the issuing of the Driving licence in Indonesia.
They are very common in the streets and always take part in a traffic accident.

PNP-HIGHWAY PATROL GROUP

Enforces the traffic laws and regulations, promote safety along the highways, enhances traffic
safety consciousness through inter- agency cooperation concerning
Police Traffic Safety Engineering
Traffic Safety Education
Traffic Law enforcement functions
Develops reforms in the crime prevention aspect against all forms of lawlessness committed
along National Highway involving the use of motor vehicles.

The Indonesian Maritime Police Force (Indonesian: Polisi Perairan/POLAIR)

is the water police force of Indonesia which guards and secures the sea and coast of Indonesia.
This unit also takes action in illegal fishing activities and conducts law enforcement of fishermen
and their boat's registrations in the naval territory of the republic.

PNP MARITIME GROUP

responsible to perform all police functions over Philippine Territorial waters, lakes, and rivers
along coastal areas to include ports and harbors and small islands for the security and the
sustainability development of the maritime environment.

The Police Aviation of Indonesia (Indonesian: Polisi Udara)

is a police unit in charge of conducting policing and law enforcement functions throughout and
from the air territory of the Republic of Indonesia.
It is in order to provide support (backup) for police operations to be observed from the air and to
enable assistance for police duties such as ground support, search and rescue, and air patrol
observations.
The helicopter identifiable of this police unit is usually colored white and blue in Indonesia.

PNP AVIATION SECURITY GROUP

To conduct crime prevention and security operations for the maintenance of peace and order
within the airport complex;
To conduct periodic security survey, inspection and audit on all airports in coordination with Civil
Aviation Security Bureau of the Office for Transportation Security (CASB-OTS), Civil Aviation
Authority of the Philippines (CAAP) and airport authorities;
To enforce special laws in coordination with the different law enforcement agencies;

The Tourism Police (Indonesian: Polisi Turis)

is a police unit for tourist services. They are sometimes identifiable with their unique Indonesian
Police uniform with dark brown cowboy hats and short pants and usually conducts patrolling
along the beaches of Indonesia especially in Bali.

Tourism Oriented Police for Community Order and Protection (TOP COP)

is a special unit under the Philippine National Police trained in ensuring the security of tourists.
deployed and are currently visible in tourism zones in Metro Manila, Baguio City, Boracay
Island, Bohol, Donsol in Sorsogon, Dumaguete and Embarcadero in Legaspi.

Vital Object Protection PAM OBVIT (Indonesian: unit Pengamanan Objek Vital)

an Indonesian police unit for vital protection and usually secures international embassies and
consulate in Indonesia and VIP escort but sometimes, they protecting beaches, temples and
churches in some case.
Their vehicles are colored orange, same as the airport police car and usually parked outside of the
embassies in Indonesia.

Police Security and Protection Group

provide protective security to government officials, foreign dignitaries, and private individuals
authorized to be given protection and also provide physical security to vital installations.
Assist the Presidential Security Group (PSG) in securing the President and the members of the
First Family.
JAY***
Bareskrim or RESKRIM (Indonesian: Badan Reserse Kriminal)

Criminal Investigation Agency, is an internal police unit of the Indonesian national police,
Its main duty is to investigate criminal activity and crime identification

Criminal Investigation and Detection Group (CIDG)

To undertake the monitoring, investigation and prosecution of all crimes involving economic
sabotage and other crimes of such magnitude and extent as to indicate their commission by
highly-placed professional syndicates or organizations
To investigate all major cases involving violation of the Revised Penal Code (RPC) and to
conduct operations against organized crime groups (OCG's)

Security Intelligence Agency

BAINTELKAM POLRI (Indonesian: Badan Intelijen dan Keamanan Polisi Republik Indonesia)

is one of the main tasks of police executing agency in the field of intelligence.

Puslabfor or simply LABFOR (Indonesian: Pusat Laboratorium dan Forensik)

which is a unit for the agency and investigation in the field of forensics and laboratory purposes.

Crime Laboratory (CL)/Scene of the Crime Operatives (SOCO)

provides scientific and technical, investigative aide and support to the PNP and other
investigative agencies.
It also provides crime laboratory examination, evaluation and identification of physical evidence
gathered at the crime scene with primary emphasis on medical, biological and physical nature.

Subdit-Satwa K9 (Indonesian: Polisi Satwa)

an Indonesian Police unit in the specialization of wild-life and animal agency.

This unit provides K-9 dogs for police activity and investigation

Div PROPAM(Indonesian: Divisi Profesi dan Pengamanan Polisi)

is the internal affairs of the Indonesian National Police.

This police unit supervises and maintains discipline in the internal scope of the national police.
Personnel of this unit are identifiable with their blue berets and wear dark blue brassard printed
'PROV'.

Internal Affairs Service

The PNP created a national Internal Affairs Service (IAS) on June 1, 1999. It is an organization
within the structure of the PNP
One of its tasks is to help the Chief institute reforms to improve the image of the police force
through assessment, analysis and evaluation of the character and behavior of the PNP personnel.
It is headed by the Inspector General.

Firearms(Indonesia)
The standard issue sidearm to all Indonesian National Police officers is the Taurus Model 82 revolver in.
38 Special
Special Police Units
Detachment 88, Gegana and BRIMOB are issued with the Glock 17 semi-automatic pistol.
Heavy arms are always available to Indonesian police personnel, such as the Heckler & Koch
MP5 sub-machine gun, Remington 870shotgun, Steyr AUG assault rifle, M4 carbine and other
weapons. The standard rifle for the Indonesian National Police are the Pindad SS1and the M16 rifle.
Units are also issued the "Sabhara"/Police V1-V2 Pindad SS1 special law enforcement assault rifle.
Cyber Crime
The term cyber crime covers many types of activities but essentially can be used to
describe violations of law that are committed and/or facilitated through the use of electronic media.
In comparison with ordinary crime, cyber crime requires few resources relative to the damage that
can be caused, it can be committed in a jurisdiction without the offender being physically present in
it and, in many countries, offences are inadequately defined or not defined at all; hence, personal
risk and the likelihood of detection are low.
Impact on Drug-Related Organized Crime
Organized crime has its own operative code, which flouts the rule of law and depends upon violence
for its enforcement. It has, however, adopted some of the business practices that characterize the
legitimate economy. Organized criminality has become more transnational and has been
restructured and decentralized; in other words, it too has globalized.
The pyramid-shaped structure of the single organized criminal group has tended to make way for
fluid networks of cell-type structures in which national identity is subordinate to function or skill,
although nationality itself can be a function if it opens the door to a new market or permits the
penetration or corruption of a particular institution.

Effects of Globalization
If you visit several countries, you can easily feel the effect globalization has on our daily lives. The
following are some of the most significant effects of globalization.
Industry: The world has become a huge market where you can buy and sell things produced in any
part of the world. There are a lot of international brands operating worldwide. These include
Culture: Globalization means a decrease in the cultural diversity that used to exist in the world
earlier. You can find people in several countries dressing up like Westerners. Food is another good
example. Young people especially are eating more of American or Chinese foods then their own
cultural dishes. The way people speak is also changing. For example teenagers in the Middle East
are much influenced by the way the black Americans speak. They think its cool.
Legislation: There has been an increase in the establishment of International courts of justice
where someone accused could be dealt with in any part of the world. Interpol is another example of
International law enforcement agency.
Language: With increased globalization, people tend to forget their mother tongue and use English
instead as there is an idea that it makes them superior in some way. This might also help them in job
searches etc.
Information: With the wide use of Internet and other kinds of information technology, it has become
much easier and faster to share information worldwide. Live TV channels are another good example
of quick information sharing.
Finance: Globalization has made it easier to raise finance through individuals and firms outside the
country. The International Monetary Fund is a good example of an International Institute which lends
money to countries in need for finance.
Politics: Powerful countries and individuals nowadays have political control over the whole world,
not only their country. The United States is an example of a country that influences the whole of the
world politics.
It is believed that globalization is a positive development generating more trade and hence welfare of
the whole world. Nevertheless it also has some significant disadvantages which should not be
forgotten.

Reference
http://pnp.gov.ph/
https://www.polri.go.id
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_National_Police

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesian_National_Police
http://www.ateneo.edu/news/research/security-sector-reform-issues-comparative-indonesian-andphilippine-perspective
www.google.com