CB - End5102 and Dcg5103

Kurdistan Region - IRAQ
Ministry of Higher Education &

Scientific Research
Koya University
Course Book
Faculty of Engineering (FENG)
Department of Civil Engineering (DCEN)
First Year
Course Title
Engineering Drawing & Descriptive Geometry
Course Code
END5102 & DCG 5103
Course Module URL
https://sites.google.com/a/koyauniversity.org/hardi-saadullah---highway-engineering/
Assist.Lec. Hardi Saadullah

Lecturer

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Koya University
Course Name
Academic Year
Teacher in Charge
Faculty / Department

2015-2016
Assist. Lec. Hardi Saadullah
FENG/DCEN
Email: hardi.saadullah@koyauniversity.org
Contact details
TAP: https://sites.google.com/a/koyauniversity.org/hardi-sadullah/
Mobile phone: 0770 214 91 45
Coordinator peer reviewers Name Assist. Lecturer Sheelan Abdulwahid
e-mail
sheelan.abdulwahid@koyauniversity.org
Time Table
Classes
Office hours
Sunday: 12:30 01:30 (Theory)

Tuesday: (08:30 11:30)- (11:30 02:30) (Lab.)
Sunday: 10:30 11:30
Monday: 11:30 12:30
Grading
During the academic year, there are two examinations, the first is at the end of January and the
second is on May.
Each examination contains 3 or 4 questions, and the duration is about 3 hours.
First Exam:
20%
Second Exam:
20%
Total
40%
Final examination:
60%
Note: Bring all necessary tools for examinations and lectures.
Course Overview
A drawing is a graphic representation of an idea, a concept, or an entity, that actually or potentially
exists in life. The drawing itself is: 1) A way for expressing all necessary information about an
abstraction, such as an idea or a concept. 2) A graphic presentation of some real entity, such as a
house, a machine part, or a tool, for example, drawing is the oldest form of communications.
This Course is very important and is a necessary for other courses such as engineering Mechanics,
strength of materials, Design of reinforced concrete structures, design of steel structures,
foundation design, and civil drawing.

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Koya University
Course Title:
Course Code
END5102 & DCG 5103
No. of hours/week:
7 | 1 hr. theory + 6 hrs. practical
No. of Units:
Text Books:
1. 1990 : -
2. Geometric & Engineering Drawing K.Morling
Course Objective:
At the end of this course student will be able to:

1. Understand the importance of Engineering Drawing.
2. Demonstrate the use of different drawing instruments.
3. Make free hand lettering and numbering.
4. Practice of dimensioning of drawings.
5. Undertake different geometric constructions, projections of
straight lines, planes and solids.
6. Take up different orthographic projections.
7. Draw sectional views, development of surface of different solids.
8. Develop the concept of building drawing.

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Koya University
Weekly Course Outlines
Lecture
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
Topic
Introduction to Engineering drawing.
Selection of instruments.
Engineering Lettering.
Engineering Lettering
Types of Lines.
Applications on types of lines.
Fundamental of dimensioning on engineering drawings.
Geometrical construction drawings.
Applications on geometrical constructions.
Tangent lines and arcs.
Geometrical curves.
Descriptive geometry and projections.
Projection of points and lines.
First monthly examination.
Determining true length, inclination and traces.
Projection of surfaces.
Orthographic projections.
Isometric drawings.
Isometric drawings.
Isometric drawings.
Sectional views.
Civil engineering drawings.
Plans (buildings, houses).
Stairs.
Sections.
Civil engineering drawings.

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Subjects
Introduction to Engineering Drawing:
What is the Engineering drawing?
.........................................................
Conventional Instruments:
In drafting no lines are made freehand. Each and every line is drawn using some kind of a
drafting tool. It is up to the drafter to own a complete set of standard drafting tools in order to
be fully functional.
The following is a list of the required drafting equipment.
Drawing board- 24 * 36(60 cm * 90 cm minimum)

Drawing Papers
T-square (parallel straightedge or drafting machine) to suit board.
45 triangle - 8 (20 cm) size.
30 - 60 triangle - 8 (20 cm) size.
Irregular curves ( two or three different configurations)
Dividers - 6(15 cm)
Eraser
Protractor
Calculator
Pencils (hard, medium, soft)
Lettering template #100, #175, #290
Erasing shield
Spring bow compass
Bow compass
Ruler

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How these tools and instruments to be used? ..
Paper sizes may be as the following:
ISO A Drawing Sizes (mm)

A4
210 X 297
A3
297 X 420
A2
420 X 594
A1
594 X 841
A0
841 X 1189
U.S. Customary Drawing Sizes
Type of lines
8.5" X 11"
11" X 17"
17" X 22"
22" X 34"
34" X 44"

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Applications on Drawing Instruments and lines
Lettering:

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Geometrical Construction:
1- Applied Geometry:
a) How to bisect a line?
b) How to draw a perpendicular to a line at a point?
c) How to draw a line parallel to a straight line at a given distance?
d) How to divide a line into equal parts?
e) How to divide a line into proportional parts?
f) How to transfer an angle?
g) How to bisect an angle?
h) How to draw an arc or circle (radius) through three given points?
i) How to draw a triangle with known length of sides?
j) How to draw an equilateral triangle?
k) How to draw a pentagon (5-sides)?
l) ) How to draw a hexagon (6-sides)?
m) How to draw an octagon (8-sides)?
Example: How to draw an hexagon?

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Circular Construction:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
How to locate the center of a given circle?

How to locate tangent point?
How to construct an arc tangent to a right angle (90)?
How to construct an arc tangent to an acute angle (less than 90)?
How to construct an arc tangent to an obtuse angle (more than 90)?
How to construct an arc tangent to a straight line and a curve?
How to construct an arc tangent to two radii or diameters?
How to draw an ogee curve?
Example:

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Ellipse:
How to draw an ellipse?

1. Actual method.
a) Concentric Circle method.

b) Two pole method
2. Approximate Method
How to draw a tangent to an ellipse at a point on the ellipse?
Example:
10

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Dimensioning:
Dimensioning is the process whereby size and location data for the subject of technical drawing are provided. It
is critical that drafters, designers, and engineers be proficient in standard dimensioning practices. The most
widely accepted dimensioning standard is American Society of mechanical engineers document (ASME). Similar
standards are produced by the international standard organization (ISO).
Dimensioning Systems:
Three dimensioning systems are used on technical drawings in the United States. Metric dimensioning, Decimal
inch dimensioning, and Fractional dimensioning. Certain rules of practice with which drafters should be
familiar pertain to each of these dimensioning systems.
1. Metric Dimensioning: The standard metric unit of measurement for use on technical drawing is the
millimeter (0.001 m) or 0.039 inches. When using metric dimensioning, several general rules should be
observed. When the dimension is less than one millimeter, a zero must be placed to the left of the
decimal point.
2. Decimal inch dimensioning: Decimal inch dimensioning is frequently used in the dimensioning of
technical drawings. It is a much less cumbersome system for mechanical drawing than is the fractional
system, and its steel used more than the metric system. When using the decimal inch dimensioning
system, several rules should be observed. If a dimension is less than one inch, only a decimal point and
the numbers of the decimal fraction are required. A zero is not required to precede the decimal point.
3. Fractional Dimensioning: Fractional Dimensioning is not frequently used in mechanical technical
drawings. It is primary use is on architectural and structural engineering drawings. However, since it is
occasionally steel used on mechanical drawings.
11

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Koya University
Methods of Drawing and Projections:
Descriptive Geometry:
Descriptive geometry is the graphic representation of plane, solid, and analytical geometry used to
describe real or imagined technical devices and objects.
It is the science of graphic representation in engineering design.
Students of technical or engineering graphics need to study plane, solid, analytical, and descriptive
geometry because it forms the foundation or grammar of technical drawings.
Uses of Descriptive Geometry:
Descriptive geometry principles are used to describe any problem that has spatial aspects to it.
For example the application of descriptive geometry is used in:
The design of chemical plants. For the plant to function safely, pipes must be placed to
intersect correctly and to clear each other by a specified distance, and they must correctly
intersect the walls of the buildings.
The design of buildings
The design of road systems
The design of mechanical systems
Projection of points and lines:

A point is a theoretical location in space having no dimension. A point in space may be defined by its
coordinates from a fixed reference. P = (x,y,z).
In descriptive geometry, we use plane sheets of paper to solve three dimensional problems graphically. To be
able to represent spatial point on the plane of the paper, we use the glass box concept.
The folding line is the intersection between two projection planes. The folding line TF between the top and the
front views is the intersection of the horizontal and frontal planes. Folding line FR, between the front and the
right-side views is the intersection of the frontal & the right side planes.
12

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Koya University
Orthographic Projection:
Principal planes of projection:
The two principal planes used in orthographic projection are:
1- The horizontal plane, known as the H.P.
2- The vertical plane, known as the V.P.
The two principal planes are intersect at right angles and divide the space into four quadrants or dihedral
angles 1, 2, 3, and 4. The line of intersection of these two planes is called the ground line, or more commonly
the G. L.
Orthographic planes:
1- Elevation or Frontal Plane
2- Side or Profile Plane.
3- Horizontal Plane.
These planes intersect at lines (Axes) which are called X, Y, and Z axes or isometric axes.
13

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Koya University
Multiple Orthogonal Views:
Imagine that you have an object suspended by transparent threads inside a glass box, as in the figure
below.
Unfold the box and you have the three views. We call this an "orthographic" or "multi-view" drawing.
The creation of an orthographic multi-view drawing

Isometric Drawing:
14

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Sections:
There are many times when the interior details of an object cannot be seen from the outside. An
isometric drawing does not show all details. We can get around this by pretending to cut the object on
a plane and showing the "sectional view". The sectional view is applicable to objects like engine
blocks, where the interior details are intricate and would be very difficult to understand through the use
of "hidden" lines (hidden lines are, by convention, dotted) on an orthographic or isometric drawing.
15
First Semester Examination

2015-2016
Faculty: Engineering
Course Title: Engineering Drawings &

Descriptive Geometry
Course Code: END5102 & DCG5103
Time Allowed: 120 minutes
Attached Sheet: Non
Department: Civil Engineering

Stage/ Year: First Stage / 2015-2016
Total Mark: 100
Answer All Questions
Question 1: Draw the figure given below with all necessary information given to construct
the drawing.
(50 Marks)
Examiner: Hardi Saadullah Fathullah
First Semester Examination

2015-2016

Attached Sheet: Non

Total Mark: 100
Question 2: Draw the figure given below with all necessary information given to construct
the drawing.
(50 Marks)
GOOD LUCK
Second Semester Examination

2015-2016

Attached Sheet: Non

Total Mark: 100
Answer All Questions
Question 1: Draw FRONT, SIDE and TOP views for the figure given below with all
necessary information given to construct the drawing.
(60 Marks)
FRONT VIEW
(ELEVATION)
SIDE
VIEW
TOP VIEW
Second Semester Examination

2015-2016

Attached Sheet: Non

Total Mark: 100
Question 2: Draw the TOP and FRONT views for the figure given below with all
necessary information given to construct the drawing..
(40 Marks)
TOP VIEW
FRONT VIEW
(ELEVATION)
GOOD LUCK

CB - End5102 and Dcg5103

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Kurdistan Region - IRAQ

Ministry of Higher Education &

Assist.Lec. Hardi Saadullah

Kurdistan Region - IRAQ

Engineering Drawing & Descriptive Geometry

Sunday: 12:30 01:30 (Theory)

Kurdistan Region - IRAQ

Engineering Drawing & Descriptive Geometry

END5102 & DCG 5103

7 | 1 hr. theory + 6 hrs. practical

At the end of this course student will be able to:

Kurdistan Region - IRAQ

Kurdistan Region - IRAQ

Drawing board- 24 * 36(60 cm * 90 cm minimum)

Kurdistan Region - IRAQ

ISO A Drawing Sizes (mm)

U.S. Customary Drawing Sizes

Kurdistan Region - IRAQ

Kurdistan Region - IRAQ

Kurdistan Region - IRAQ

How to locate the center of a given circle?

Kurdistan Region - IRAQ

How to draw an ellipse?

a) Concentric Circle method.

Kurdistan Region - IRAQ

Kurdistan Region - IRAQ

Projection of points and lines:

Kurdistan Region - IRAQ

Kurdistan Region - IRAQ

The creation of an orthographic multi-view drawing

Kurdistan Region - IRAQ

First Semester Examination

Course Title: Engineering Drawings &

Department: Civil Engineering

Examiner: Hardi Saadullah Fathullah

First Semester Examination

Course Title: Engineering Drawings &

Department: Civil Engineering

Examiner: Hardi Saadullah Fathullah

Second Semester Examination

Course Title: Engineering Drawings &

Department: Civil Engineering

Examiner: Hardi Saadullah Fathullah

Second Semester Examination

Course Title: Engineering Drawings &

Department: Civil Engineering

Examiner: Hardi Saadullah Fathullah

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