HUMA1102.Medieval II - Alt

HUMA1102: Enjoyment of
Classical Music
Prof. Matthew Tommasini

Visiting Associate Professor/Composer-inResidence, HUMA
Associate Artistic Director, The Intimacy
of Creativity, HKUST Music Alive!
mtommasini@ust.hk
Syllabus
HKUST Music Alive!
Dies Irae
Dies Irae
Day of wrath, that day
the world will dissolve into ashes
as witness David and the Sibyl.
Sibyl=prophetess
What trembling there will be
when the judge shall come;
all shall thoroughly be shattered!
The wondrous trumpet, spreading its sound
To the tombs of all regions,
Will gather all before the throne.
Death will be stupefied, also nature,
when all creatures arises again
to answer the Judge.
Dies Irae
Did it sound as you expected? If not, why?
But first, The Middle Ages

0r Dark Ages
Lasted 500 years following the fall of the
Roman Empire in AD 476
Feudalism - bound peasants to the land
Christianity central to peoples lives
Greater emphasis on life after death
Monasteries preserved the writings
and culture of the ancient world,
as well as music manuscripts
Music in the Middle Ages

Ca. 6th century, Pope Gregory I decides to
codify Church worship and music
Liturgy - body of rites (practices)
prescribed in worship
Mass - frequent Church service
Gregorian Chant
Type of music sung during Church worship
Non-metrical (non-regular) rhythm
Communal feeling of music
Monophonic texture: single melody only

Smooth melodic contour (movement by step)
Modal scales (not familiar major happy or minor
sad)
Sung by the clergy (usually monks, priests)
Dies Irae
Composer: anonymous
Text from the Requiem Mass
Requiem Mass: funeral prayer service
Name of chant comes from text which deals

with the Day of Wrath and the Final
Judgement
Many composers have referred to this
melody in their compositions
Dies Irae
Listen
http://www.hkust.naxosmusiclibrary.com.lib.ezproxy.ust.hk/mediaplayer/player.asp?
br=64&tl=35957&domain=www.hkust.naxosmusiclibrary.com&pl_token=391F7D
B3-BC77-4E31-B673-82C84820B12B
Hildegard of Bingen
(AD1098-1179)
German abbess, theologian, naturalist, poet,
healer, musician
She believed God spoke to her through visions
Ordo Virtutum (Play of the Virtues)
morality play about the Penitent Soul (singing chant)
tempted by the Devil (speaking only) and redeemed
by the Virtues (singing chant)
Penitent Soul and Virtues sung by nuns; Devil sung by
a priest
Hildegard of Bingen
(AD1098-1179)
Ordo Virtutum,
excerpt from Scene 4 (ca. 1150)
Devil - spoken
Who are you, where do you come from?
You were in my embrace, I led you out.
Yet now you are going back, defying me
but I shall fight you and defeat you!
Penitent Soul - sung
I realize that all my ways were wicked,
so I fled from you.
But now, you fraud, Ill fight you face to face.
Come, Queen Humility, with your medicine give
me aid!
Humility (to Victory) - sung
Victory, you who once bested this in the heavens,
run now, with all your military manner,
and all of you, tie up this fiend!
Hildegard of Bingen
(AD1098-1179)
Listen
http://www.hkust.naxosmusiclibrary.com.lib.ezproxy.ust.hk/mediaplayer/player.asp?br=
64&tl=1824061&domain=www.hkust.naxosmusiclibrary.com&pl_token=135818FBDCEB-4488-A30A-2F9E6AE71C40
MEDIEVAL MUSIC
(ca. AD 1150-1450)
Part II
MEDIEVAL TIMES
(ca. AD 1150-1450)
MEDIEVAL TIMES
Increased contacts with the Byzantine
civilization
Better economic conditions and trade
Influence of education and monasteries
Founding of universities
DEVELOPMENT of POLYPHONY
What is polyphony?
Music in which two or more independent
melodic lines of equal importance are
sounded at the same time
Monophony ------------------------ Polyphony
1. Gregorian chant
Dies Irae
Monophony ---------------------
2. Organum: Gregorian
chant sung with an
additional parallel
melody;
(think front of wheels of
a car)
1. Gregorian chant
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=frWHA5fbyyg
Monophony --------------------- Polyphony
3. Free organum:
additional parallel
line(s) becomes more
independent
chant sung with an
several notes moving for
additional parallel
each note of original line
melody;
(think front of wheels of Gregorian Chant notes
made longer
a car)
Regular rhythms used
1. Gregorian chant
Music Terms
Pitch: musical measure of frequency
Melody: a series of pitches sounded one after
another that seems to belong together
Interval: distance between 2 pitches (or frequencies)
Harmony: one or more pitches sounded
simultaneously
Protin. Alleluia, Diffusa est Gratia. ca. 1190

http://www.hkust.naxosmusiclibrary.com/mediaplayer/player.asp?br=64&tl=1575125&domain=www.
hkust.naxosmusiclibrary.com&pl_token=58371115-3A6B-484C-BC00-039A301B7EE1
(starting 1:39)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6lxDrIn14l4
Protin - composer at Cathedral of Notre

Dame (Paris)
Ca. 1160-1256
Alleluia combines sections of Gregorian
chant and free organum

(starting 1:39)
If YOU were the composer, what words would stand out to set to music?
Alleluia, Alleluia
Hallelujah, hallelujah
Diffusa, est gratia in labiis tuis;

proterea benedixit te deus
Grace has been poured upon your lips;

therefore, God has blessed you
in aeternum.
eternally.
Alleluia, Alleluia

(starting 1:39)
Protin - composer at Cathedral of Notre Dame

(Paris)
Ca. 1160-1256
Alleluia combines sections of Gregorian chant
and free organum
Diffusa, est section - free organum depicts
grace has been poured upon your lips
Text painting - the meaning of the words depicted
through music
running melody in regular triple metrical pattern in
the upper voices
Music Terms
Rhythm: the orderly flow of music through time
Beat: the regular pulse found in most music; what you
tap as you listen
Meter: the grouping of beats into patterns; some exs
1212 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FHFf7NIwOHQ
123123 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cg1dMpu4v7M
12341234 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PLHj-eekdNU&feature=related
Lets try conducting these patterns!
Music Terms
Pitch: musical measure of frequency
Melody: a series of pitches sounded one after
another that seems to belong together
Tempo: speed of the music

(starting 1:39)
Alleluia, Alleluia
(set to GREGORIAN CHANT)
Diffusa, est gratia in labiis tuis;

proterea benedixit te deus
Grace has been poured upon your lips;

therefore, God has blessed you
in aeternum
eternally.
(set to FREE ORGANUM)
Alleluia, Alleluia
(set to GREGORIAN CHANT)
Monophony --------------------- Polyphony

4. Medieval motet
Combination of all
techniques
3. Free organum:
additional parallel
line(s) becomes more
independent
chant sung with an
several notes moving for
additional parallel
each note of original line
melody;
(think front of wheels of Gregorian Chant notes
made longer
a car)
1. Gregorian chant
THE MEDIEVAL MOTET
THE MEDIEVAL MOTET

More sophisticated type of Medieval
polyphony
Cantus firmus - portion of Gregorian
chant in the lower voice upon which other
more intricate higher voices were sung
Multiple languages, mix of religious and
secular texts, hidden meanings
Guillaume de Machaut. Quant en Moy.

hkust.naxosmusiclibrary.com&pl_token=2F32169D-DEE5-4D5F-AA01-FF5FAB74E660
Text uses French AND Latin!

Each voice sings a DIFFERENT poem
but, the upper two voices connect using
hocket (I sing, then you sing)

Stanza 1
Voice 1 (upper)
When I was first visited by
Love, he so very sweetly
Captured my heart;
A glance at what he gave me as a gift,
And along with loving feelings
He presented me with this thought:
To hope
to have
Grace, and no rejections
But never in my entire life
Was confidence a gift he meant for me.
Voice 2 (middle)
Thanks to love and
ultimate beauty.
Fearing
Acting
Are what consume
me completely
Voice 3 (lower)
Intense
bitterness

Text uses French AND Latin!

Each voice sings a DIFFERENT poem
but, the upper two voices connect using
hocket (I sing, then you sing)
cantus firmus = lower voice
notice the long durations of the notes!
Machaut leading French composer of the
medieval motet
SECULAR MUSIC
SECULAR MUSIC
Songs and dances
Sung in the language of the people, or
vernacular, not Latin like Gregorian chant
Troubadours (or trouvres) wandering
musicians who sang songs
Monophonic songs, though often accompanied
by instruments
Songs were often about chivalrous love
Troubadour to his lady
Rimbault de Vaqueiras
(ca. 1180 - 1207)
Kalenda maya
http://www.hkust.naxosmusiclibrary.com/mediaplayer/player.asp?br=64&tl
=798400&domain=www.hkust.naxosmusiclibrary.com&pl_token=5FE99F3
2-BC4C-41D1-92B2-FFF347C21B9C&forceFlash=0&tracktoplay=
Well-known troubadour from

the Provencal (south of
France)
Served Boniface I of
Montferrat
Rumored to have earned a
knighthood
Estampida: a type of dance
from this period
What is the most likely meter?
(ca. 1180 - 1207)
Kalenda maya
http://www.hkust.naxosmusiclibrary.com/mediaplayer/player.asp?br=64&tl
=798400&domain=www.hkust.naxosmusiclibrary.com&pl_token=5FE99F3
2-BC4C-41D1-92B2-FFF347C21B9C&forceFlash=0&tracktoplay=
Occitan: blend of French and Spanish spoken in the

south of France during this period
Neither calends of May,
nor leaves of beech
nor songs of bird, nor gladiolus flowers
are of my liking,
o noble and merry lady,
until I have a fleet messenger
of your beautiful person to tell me
of new pleasures love and joy
are bringing;
and I repair
to you, true lady;
and let me crush
and strike
the jealous, before I depart from here.
Comtessa Beatrix de Dia.

A Chantar mer. ca. 1180.
http://www.hkust.naxosmusiclibrary.com/mediaplayer/player.as
p?br=64&tl=1063734&domain=www.hkust.naxosmusiclibrary.co
m&pl_token=B198E6B6-8ACE-4413-ADE4-F33429D94348
Married to William of Poitiers,

but
Rumored to be in love with
Trovaritz female
troubadour
Chantar mer plays the part of
a betrayed lover
How does this compare in
style to other monophonic
works we have heard so far?
Comtessa Beatrix de Dia.

A Chantar mer. ca. 1180.
hkust.naxosmusiclibrary.com&pl_token=B198E6B6-8ACE-4413-ADE4-F33429D94348
I must sing, whether I want to or not,

I feel such pain from him whose friend I am,
For I love him more than anyone,
But neither grace nor courtesy has any effect on him

HUMA1102.Medieval II - Alt

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HUMA1102: Enjoyment of

Prof. Matthew Tommasini

HKUST Music Alive!

But first, The Middle Ages

Music in the Middle Ages

Monophonic texture: single melody only

Name of chant comes from text which deals

Monophony ------------------------ Polyphony

Monophony --------------------- Polyphony

Protin. Alleluia, Diffusa est Gratia. ca. 1190

Protin - composer at Cathedral of Notre

Protin. Alleluia, Diffusa est Gratia. ca. 1190

Diffusa, est gratia in labiis tuis;

Grace has been poured upon your lips;

Protin. Alleluia, Diffusa est Gratia. ca. 1190

Protin - composer at Cathedral of Notre Dame

Lets try conducting these patterns!

Tempo: speed of the music

Protin. Alleluia, Diffusa est Gratia. ca. 1190

Diffusa, est gratia in labiis tuis;

Grace has been poured upon your lips;

Monophony --------------------- Polyphony

THE MEDIEVAL MOTET

THE MEDIEVAL MOTET

Guillaume de Machaut. Quant en Moy.

Text uses French AND Latin!

Guillaume de Machaut. Quant en Moy.

Guillaume de Machaut. Quant en Moy.

Text uses French AND Latin!

Well-known troubadour from

Occitan: blend of French and Spanish spoken in the

Comtessa Beatrix de Dia.

Married to William of Poitiers,

Comtessa Beatrix de Dia.

I must sing, whether I want to or not,

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