GEOMETRIC DESIGN
Excellent- If it allows the safe, smooth & economic
movements of pedestrians & vehicles.
If defective causes serious problems(Irreparable)
For good geometric design we should concentrate on
Vehicle Parameters (Dimensions)
Terrain categories & design speed
Cross sectional elements of road
Curves (Vertical & horizontal)
Super elevation & Widening at curves
Sight distances
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VEHICLE DIMENSIONS
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VEHICLE PARAMETERS
IRC: 86-1983 & 3-1983
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TERRAIN CLASSIFICATION
IRC: 73-1980
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DESIGN SPEED
IRC: SP: 48-1998
The maximum average safe operating speed of
vehicle
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BOUNDARY LINE
IRC: SP:15-1974
1. Road land boundary
2. Building Line- no construction with in BL
3. Control line control over construction by Govt.
Useful in land acquisition & control
Set Back Distance-IRC: 73-1980
In Plain & rolling terrain 3m to 6m for NH & SH
Other terrains 3m to 5m
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SHOULDER
The paved surface along the sides of CW.
It facilitate overtaking, temporary parking,
waking and emergency halting.
It provides lateral edge support to CW along
the length.
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LONGITUDINAL GRADIENT
The rate of rise or fall of road along its length
It is expressed
In % (Grade %=
1 in N (1 vertical to N horizontal)
Vertical : Horizontal
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TYPES OF GRADIENT
Ruling or design Gradient the maximum
allowable longitudinal slope
Limiting gradient Slightly steeper than Ruling
gradient. Adopted in hilly areas.
Exception Gradient Steeper than LG. adopted
Exceptionally where ground profile frequently
changes its slope (Sudden raise & fall)
Minimum Gradient To drain off rain water in
side drains. 0.5% - lined road. 1.0% - unlined road
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SIGHT DISTANCES
The maximum distance visible to the driver
along the center line of the highway.
It depends upon Characteristics of driver &
vehicle, Super elevation, Horizontal and vertical
curves.
TYPES
Safe- stopping (non passing) sight distance SSD
Overtaking (passing) sight distance OSD
Intersection sight distance ISD
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On plain road
On sloped road
Where
V = Speed of vehicle m/s
F = Coefficient of friction (0.35 0.40 for 100
200kmph)
G = Acceleration due to gravity 9.81m/s2
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INTERSECTION SIGHT
DISTANCE ISD
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SUPER ELEVATION
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SUPER ELEVATION
If a vehicle is travelling along a horizontal
curve, there is a chance that it may fall either by
overturning or skidding due to centrifugal force.
The centrifugal force depends on radius of
curve, weight and speed of the vehicle.
To counter-act the CF, the outer edge of the of
the carriage way surface is elevated with respect
to inner side. This called SE or cant or banking.
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WIDENING AT CURVES
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