Unit II Geometric Design of Highways

Typical cross sections of Urban and Rural roads
Cross sectional elements

Sight distances
Horizontal curves, Super elevation, transition
curves, widening at curves
Vertical curves - Gradients,
Special consideration for hill roads - Hairpin
bends
Lateral and vertical clearance at underpasses.
GEOMETRIC DESIGN
Excellent- If it allows the safe, smooth & economic
movements of pedestrians & vehicles.
If defective causes serious problems(Irreparable)
For good geometric design we should concentrate on
Vehicle Parameters (Dimensions)
Terrain categories & design speed
Cross sectional elements of road
Curves (Vertical & horizontal)
Super elevation & Widening at curves
Sight distances
9/14/2016
www.moderncivil.weebly.com
VEHICLE DIMENSIONS
9/14/2016
VEHICLE PARAMETERS
IRC: 86-1983 & 3-1983
9/14/2016
TERRAIN CLASSIFICATION
IRC: 73-1980
9/14/2016
DESIGN SPEED
IRC: SP: 48-1998
The maximum average safe operating speed of
vehicle
9/14/2016
CROSS SECTIONAL ELEMENTS

IRC: 73-1980
9/14/2016
BOUNDARY LINE
IRC: SP:15-1974
1. Road land boundary
2. Building Line- no construction with in BL
3. Control line control over construction by Govt.
Useful in land acquisition & control
Set Back Distance-IRC: 73-1980
In Plain & rolling terrain 3m to 6m for NH & SH
Other terrains 3m to 5m
9/14/2016
RIGHT OF WAY (OR) ROAD LAND

WIDTH IRC: 73-1980
In build up or rural areas road development or
widening is very difficult and leads to legal
problems and heavy compensation.
Right of way is provided to avoid this problem.
9/14/2016
ROAD WAY IRC: 73-1980

The total width formed by carriage way and
shoulder on both side
9/14/2016
10
SHOULDER
The paved surface along the sides of CW.
It facilitate overtaking, temporary parking,
waking and emergency halting.
It provides lateral edge support to CW along
the length.
9/14/2016
11
CARRIAGE WAY IRC:73-1980

It provides a strong, stable & smooth riding
surface.
It is based on traffic volume, design life, lane
capacity, vehicle dimension & clearance
between vehicle and road edge
9/14/2016
12
CAMBER IRC: 73-1980

The cross slope or slope in traverse direction
from the crown to facilitate quick drain-off of
rain water.
9/14/2016
13
LONGITUDINAL GRADIENT
The rate of rise or fall of road along its length
It is expressed
In % (Grade %=
1 in N (1 vertical to N horizontal)
Vertical : Horizontal
9/14/2016
14
TYPES OF GRADIENT
Ruling or design Gradient the maximum
allowable longitudinal slope
Limiting gradient Slightly steeper than Ruling
gradient. Adopted in hilly areas.
Exception Gradient Steeper than LG. adopted
Exceptionally where ground profile frequently
changes its slope (Sudden raise & fall)
Minimum Gradient To drain off rain water in
side drains. 0.5% - lined road. 1.0% - unlined road
9/14/2016
15
ROAD GRADIENT IRC: 66-1976
9/14/2016
16
SIGHT DISTANCES
The maximum distance visible to the driver
along the center line of the highway.
It depends upon Characteristics of driver &
vehicle, Super elevation, Horizontal and vertical
curves.
TYPES
Safe- stopping (non passing) sight distance SSD
Overtaking (passing) sight distance OSD
Intersection sight distance ISD
9/14/2016
17
SAFE- STOPPING SIGHT

DISTANCE SSD
The minimum distance travelled by the vehicle

between the driver perception of an obstruction
and the vehicle stops.
9/14/2016
18
According to PIEV theory

SSD = Lag Distance LG + Breaking Distance BD
LG Distance travelled by vehicle from perception to
application of brake.
Perception time The time taken by the driver from
perception to application of brake
BD - Distance travelled by vehicle from application of
brake to vehicle stops.
9/14/2016
19
On plain road
On sloped road
Where
V = Speed of vehicle m/s
F = Coefficient of friction (0.35 0.40 for 100
200kmph)
G = Acceleration due to gravity 9.81m/s2
9/14/2016
20
OVERTAKING SIGHT DISTANCE

OSD
The minimum distance to overtake a slow moving

vehicle (in same direction) against approaching
traffic in opposite direction.
Speed of overtaking vehicle = Design speed
Speed of overtaken vehicle = DS-16km/h
9/14/2016
21
9/14/2016
22
9/14/2016
23
9/14/2016
24
INTERSECTION SIGHT
DISTANCE ISD
Sight distance (xz) = v x tg

V = design speed of major road
tg = time (s) required for the vehicle on minor
road to proceed.
9/14/2016
25
SUPER ELEVATION
9/14/2016
26
SUPER ELEVATION
If a vehicle is travelling along a horizontal
curve, there is a chance that it may fall either by
overturning or skidding due to centrifugal force.
The centrifugal force depends on radius of
curve, weight and speed of the vehicle.
To counter-act the CF, the outer edge of the of
the carriage way surface is elevated with respect
to inner side. This called SE or cant or banking.
9/14/2016
27
9/14/2016
28
WIDENING AT CURVES
9/14/2016
29
PUMP & HUMP
9/14/2016
30

Unit II Geometric Design of Highways

Diunggah oleh

Informasi Dokumen

Judul Asli

Hak Cipta

Format Tersedia

Bagikan dokumen Ini

Bagikan atau Tanam Dokumen

Opsi Berbagi

Apakah menurut Anda dokumen ini bermanfaat?

Apakah konten ini tidak pantas?

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

Unit II Geometric Design of Highways

Diunggah oleh

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

Typical cross sections of Urban and Rural roads

Cross sectional elements

CROSS SECTIONAL ELEMENTS

RIGHT OF WAY (OR) ROAD LAND

ROAD WAY IRC: 73-1980

CARRIAGE WAY IRC:73-1980

CAMBER IRC: 73-1980

ROAD GRADIENT IRC: 66-1976

SAFE- STOPPING SIGHT

The minimum distance travelled by the vehicle

According to PIEV theory

OVERTAKING SIGHT DISTANCE

The minimum distance to overtake a slow moving

Sight distance (xz) = v x tg

PUMP & HUMP

Anda mungkin juga menyukai