1, Oisuxa kao npupoana HayKa 2. Arperarna crawa 3. Mepesse dusivkux semicnna 2. Cuse y pacnomexn 1. Jenubuna rexa 4 TexwHa Testa 2. Maca tesa 3. Cneunpwsna exw Tyran 4. Cua ‘ ‘Caarare cua Pasaarame cua Papuorexa cua 5. Texumre tena 6. Bpete pasworexe 7. Fipwrcax 3. Tewnocwm 4 sacoau Ocobune rewocrs 4 racowa Xuumpocraruykn mpwTHcax Hotucax . Thrasa ise Arochepexn npirwcak Bapomerput m wHxoBa npunena FIpurcax saTsopennx racosa Manomerpxt . Ypehajn sackosann Ha Boja — Mapn- OTOBOM saKoHy 4. Kpewane |. Kperanse 1m witponanse 2) Penaruawoct xperaia 3. JenwoawKo xperaise. Bpsuta 4, TIpomennuso xperaise ..—— 5. CxoBomi00 nanaise 6 7. 8 ‘Tpewe ...... . Ornop epeane Crpyjanse 5. Hyimoen saxonu 1. Fhytirop saxon 2.11 Hbymion saKox 3. II Fbyrnos saxon 4. Cpamnraunowo nome 5. Kpyano epetarse 6, Kpyxno u wepuoguano Kpewarwe 1. Lesrpudyrama m1 newrpaneraia cma... a 2. Heproniawo wpetaive 3. Kaatxo « 7. ayn z |, Hacrajawe x npocrupase seyka 2. Saysnn rastacn 3. Bpsuna spyxa y_eaylyny 4. OnGijanve anys 1s 18 2 24 26 2 28 29 30 33 %6 4B 47 50 32 55 56 61 6L 65 6 i 1 15 16 78 80 80 83 87 88 1 92 93 94 5. Tonosn . 6 Ocumnosaise uAnKN, au, MemBpawa ...... 7, Ocunnovarse sasayunor cryba 8. 3aysna peronamunja m pesoaropn naowa 8. Mexanwuxu pag, caia 4 enepinja 1. Mexamessit pa 2. Cuara 3. Ewepruja Torenunjanma’enepriga Kuneruska eseprija 3axoH ONpKaHia MexainugKe eneprije 9. Mauune « wexanuanu L Moayra 2 Tpocre mawune sgewosane na mpr- uuny noayre Koryposu Korypava Tovar na opatusy TIpuseena nonyre Crpma pasar... Tipocte waumue dacwovane wa npiit- tay CrpMe paBE 0... Kame... oi Saspran 6, Tipwwuun pana ‘mpocrix wauniva 7, Tipewocun wexasimn 3 Pencex 3ymvanun ‘©puxuxoun peHtoe | 8. Mexanienn MoTopH. Toixowa 1. TonmoTHe nojane 2. Tepsarixo wupere tena 3. Temneparypa ™ TepMomerpi 4 Atwomrem rexncpanype waneoayren yaa 5. Konwwuwa tonore Coemmpusia toxiota Fipomena arperatawx crama - Hpetomense tonzore Mponoherse ronnore Crpyjame - Spaverse 8. Fipupona ronnore 9. Tipersapaise Mexanuvxor pana y Ton gory, H oBpatHo 10, 3aKow ompxana enfeprnje 1, TonnotHu Moropx Ogioeopn we sumarou 34 0AU Pewena sagawaxa ..... |ABOPATOPHICKE BEBE ... F Cxpans 95 96, 97 98 101 103 105 106 108 109 12 114 14 116 116 417 19 12 rey 121 122 123 124 124 124 127 131 BI 4 137 137 140 142 ISL 151 153 154 155 156 156 158 165 169. 17HA3MBM M O3HAKE HEKMX JIEKASMMX CKPAREHMUA Hague Ornana 1 000 000 000 000 repa r 1.000 000 000 ara G " 1.000.000 Mera M 1.000 x20 k 100 xeKTo. h 4 10 eKa, da te = = ot : aeun a 0.01 tuewtn € 0,001 sua m (0,000 001 stuxpo a 4 (0,000 000 001 wWaKo n 10,000 000 000 001 xo P Taxo ce, Hnp., nuwe expaheno: 0,02 m= 2dm, 20g~ 2dag, 25.000 m - 25 km, 0,020 mm. 20 um, 3.800.000 m= 3,8Mm ux 2000kKW= 2GW, 1 500kp 1,5 Mp, ura. TPUKA A3BYKA Ax anda Hy, eta yam Tray RB Gera 06 tera BE eu Tu wnennow Py rama 1s jora 0 omxpon Oe on / AB aera Ro wana Te mw Xz mH 4 Ee encnnon Ai nama, Pe po 49 nen 75 vera Mu sm Sa cara Qe omeraPLANS DORDME 1. Yeoo 1, @W3MKA KAO TIPHPOAHA HAYKA On aapuMia YoBeK MocMatpa mojase oKo cebe nacrojM a Wx oBjacum. Ha ockoBy Tor muoroBeKon- Nor NOCMATparsa MYIICKO SHAME O TIPHPOAH Henpe- ctano ce Gorarnio H npoumpHsaao. Taxo je Kacrana jequa oa najeTapyjux Hayka o mpHpoan — Ou3uKa. Haane dbusuKa moTH¥e om rpyKe pean quart, (w3nc) urro 3¥a4H mpypona. JaKne: Tipupoay sus cne ono mo je oKO Hac. Y npupoaw ce cpehy muoroBpojHa tena: onoska YeTka, naHuHa, Kan KMUMe, NTHUa, ayToMOBus, Me- eu Tena ce paaauxyjy we cao no oBsmKy W Bennunnn peh no TOMe oa vera cy. OHO oA wera ce Teo ca- cToju Hasnpa ce eyneranunja. Bona, craxio, rpoxhe, KHCeOHNK pqanH4WTe cy cyncranunje, HowTo cy om Jeane ncre cyncranunje Hanpasmena MHora Tea, Mo- 2K Ce 3AKYYATH_ AA Y NpApoa nocrojn sehu Spoj Tema wero cyncrantaja, Y mpuponm ecto zonasK 70 mehyco6uor nejcrsa tema. To xejeTBo M MpoMeHe Koje yomen wera HacTajy a Terma HaswBajy ce mpmpore nojase, 3a peme mebyco6Hor sejeTsa, Tena Mory Guta y KettocpenHOM nonmpy (ynap wexuha o Hakosar) wim Ha Mame Meby- co6uom pactojamsy (mpuBmaxeme excepa MarHeTOM), ami Mory GRTH H Ha BpMO BemHKOM mehyco6HoM pacTo- jawy (ysajamno mpusnaxeme 3emme m Mecena, 3emme w Cynua, wr). Axo Tena 3a Bee Mehycobxor nejcTBa Hcy y Her1O- cpenHom Jommpy, OHA ce To AejcTBO ocTRapyje Tocpen- craoM dusuaxor mona, Jenan Bux Taxsor roma je MarHeTHO Tome, Koje MocTojM OKO cBaKor MarHeTa, 3aTHM TpaBHTaNHOHO Mose, Koje MocToju OKO 3emmme Mecena # oxo cBaxor Tea (onosKa ryMa, cro, xyhaHT). OHSHIKO MOE MpoTeKe ce on Tema 10 GecKo~ HastiocTd, fa Mpema TOMe H KDO3 GesBasAylInH Mpoctop. To sHa4H na dusuuKO rome Huje cyncrammija. Oxo sajemo ca cyncrammujom sum marepyiy. axe: Marepuja ncnyssapa cas mpocrop oko Hac, 0 Gecko uasmocra, OcosHo cBojcrso Marepyje je urro ce oma MamasH y CTamHoM xpeTasby. Tomenyre mpupomHe riojave 1 cRe ocrae (nanaiwe KMLMHX KaMH, TOTBeme MeTaa, HacTa- jamwe myie, caropewame yriba) camo cy pasmiaHTH oGmuust KpeTama MaTepuje. Kox crapnx Tpxa gysmxa je Gua jemma nayka o Mpmposm. AsTH Kako ce casHalse © MpHponM cBe BRIE UINpuNO, MpMpORHe Tojape TpymHcaHe cy MO CHIMHOCTH PASH aKuer Mpoysapatba. TaKo cy ce H3 dHsHKe PasBHe Toce6ue mpupogHe HayKe: xemuja, Suosoiuja, aciapono- auja, ieoaoiuja, meteoposoiuja w apyre. TipuponHe no- jape Koje ce mpoyyanajy y oxeupy jee Haye A0Gnjajy asus Te Wayke. Tipu capnjamy awe Merwe ce Hen OGNMK, MPH Kpe- Taiy ayToMoOWIa — werop Nomoxaj, a MPH TOIUbeHY MeTama Mew Ce Werovo Crawe. Kos OBHX H CHHIHHX nojaba Matepyja ce kpehe, anu ce Me Meta cyncTamuaja 011 Koje je Teno usrpahexo. Taxwe nojane Hasupajy ce GuswaKe nojane. Maxie: Coe mpomene Koje ce emanajy y mpuposm naskeajy ce apupogne dojase, Coe dususxe ojape cepcrane cy mpema caHYHOCTH y HeKOJIHKO Tpyna H Mpoysawajy ce y NOceOKIM e10- Bama dusuKe, Kperawe Tena W BHXOBNX nenoBa mpoyyasa ce y esry USUKE KOjH Ce OBE MexaNUKA © 38yK Takole Mpencrasma OOmMK MeKaHWuKOT Kpe- Tatba KojM ce mpoysapa y akyermum fF. © Pasue TomorHe mojase mpoytasajy ce y mayun 0 Tonsort© Enexrpwaue Marverwe mnojase mpoywamajy ce y maymn o eaeKrpamirrery ‘BETHOCHE rojaBe Mpoysapajy ce y AeMy (puSHKe Koj ce Ha3HBA oMTMKA @ Tlojase y aromuma mpoysasa aromcka @uoMKa, a 0 1bHXOBHM jearpuMa (HyKneyCHMa) nyKaeapia gysHKa BaaaraK dusuKe je 1a mpoysasa (usHYKe MiOjake, a OTKPHBA 3aKOHe TIO KojuMa ce One netiapajy Wa Wa Taj MaXWE TOMOTHE YOBEKY J1a CTEMeHO SHAKE TIPHMeHH ¥ CBAKO- MeBHOM 2XUBOTY Hy TeXHAMH. Tipx mpoysasawy, caaxy pusnaxy nojasy TpeGa wocmarpaTH sulle Myra 4 Ho” passH- MHTHM yonOBHMa. AKO, Ha MpHMep, Tpe6a Npoy¥aBaTH najlatse Tea, NOTPeOHo je YTBPAMTH Ja JH Ma passuke MpH MaTARwY PAXMMUTHX Tesla ca HCTe BUCHHE, 3aTHM KAKO he ncra Tena ManaTH y BaSMyXy, a KAKO Y MpasHoM MpocTopy, ATA. Za 6u ce urro noTnyauje oGjacumie (usHuKe TojaBe, NoTpebHo je W9BOAMTH orsene, WIM excnepumenre Bj. Dusuxa je ciuola excikepumeniuasna nayKa, ant je Oa TeCHO MoBe- 3aHa ca TeOpHjCKHM pasMaTpaibMMa Koja ce WaBONe MocpesICTROM MaTeMaTuKe. BehnHa ormesa uaB0qM ce MOMOhy chenujanHux anapara, aH Ce HeKA Mory W3BeCTH H Hajo6uy- HJM cpencTBHMa Koja ce Masiaxe y cBaKo} Kyhi. Tojase y QiaMnm waysapany cy, a jou yRCK w3y4apajy MHOrK HaysHHIM mMpOM cnera. Baxiuje (buauike nojane oGjaumbene cy y oom yuSeHuxy. Morpe6xo je warnacuTn Ja MCTPAKHBAHA y GHSHUK H yee DuIHKE SaxTeBa AYTOTPAjHK M HANOpHM Pas. @usuxa je Gna m octana jena of OCHOBHHX Hayka o MpHponH. 3aro saHAc MHOre nayke (TexiHKa, MeMUMHa, ACTpoHOMMja, MeTeopomOrHja, MosbompHBpea uM Apyre) MIMPOKO Kopucte AocTurHyha caspemene diame 1. Wre je cyneranynja? 5. Wre npoyuase dmanKa? 2 lira saan mavepuly? 6 Habpojarn HeKonnKo daamsKnx nojase. Koje je ocnoano ceojerse marepuje? 7. ¥ Kom ummy ce waeone ornean? 4. Wra cy npupoane nojase?2. APPEPATHA CTAbA Axo ce-ynopene ste, Boga M BoneHa mapa [J . 3a- maka ce fa je y MpROM cyHajy pex Oo wapeiuaj cy- ncTaHuMju, y apyrom — 0 weunoj, a y Tpehem — © iacosuuoj cyncranunjn. Oba TPH cTaisa, y KojHMa Mowe fa Oyae HeTA cyncTanumja, HasHBajy ce arpe- varia crara. Ocim oa TpH, NocTojH # YerBpro arperaTHo crate, naspaHo waazwa. Tinaamy 4uHe racosn sarpejaHn 20 vemmepatype Koja ce najyemhe wana3n Ha HeKHM 3Be- aama, a ma3mom je oxpyxeno u Cysue Ef. Ta- COBH JarpejaHM MpowaCKOM ecIeKTPHYNE BApHHUE (HK Mytse) Takohe cy y cTamy mage. Cpako temo, 5e3 ob3upa Ha arperatHo cratse. 3ay aMMa HSveCTaH pocTop. Hpocropuocr je Gurua ocoGuna caux Teaa. Y cpakonnepiom xupoty KaKe ce aa je Soua mpa- aHa ako y tho] HeMa HuKaKBe TewHOcTH. MehyTuM. ona je wenyieHa sasayxom. fIpH yaneatsy TewMoctH y Souy sasayx sau fl] Tpymen kyxmiscke comm Mowe ce pasbuTH y CHT wrje enone, Kan Boe ce More pacnpumNTH y cHT- Huje Kanbaute, a aaTHM y jolt cmTAMje 1 cHTHIje. Pe- xa0 6H ce, Wa MpsM Hornell, aa TOM CHTWeY Hema kpaja. Mehytam, nuje Tako. Hajewranjy aenuhi Koj jou ysek saapxanajy ocoBuie mocmatpaior tena, 30BY Ce MONEKY.A Monexyau ce cacroje oa jou curujux aeanha — aroMa, a 0 Tome he KacHije GurM BHWe pexHt, Kana ce ceve apao, Mese Kaha nau typnuja rao- he, 3amaxa ce aa ce Tesla onupy aemery. Oxo ce TYMa4H THMe WTO WMehy BancKUX MoneKyaa jeanne cynicrasuje mocroje mpusnasHe MelyyMoneKyacKe cH1e. Melymonexysicxe ce n3Mehy Monexysia CTE cyncTaH- unje, Tj. waMeby jeaHoposHHX MomeKys1a, 30BY Ce KO- xeamoue cwie, Ole pe MOsIEKYsIe Ha M3BECHOM PacTO- Jay. Koxeamone cine pasnisucrix cyncranuuja pasau- suite cy jaymne. Hajjaye cy Koa 4apeTux Tema, cia: Buje Koa Tewwocts, a HajcnaBuje Kon racona © Yepcuia mesa t.majy ciltasnu o6auK u saupemuny> jep cy uxoBe KoXesMoHe cHIe BpAO jaKe © Tena mesa, 3a parnuky of 4BpeTHX, saxo we- veajy o6ux. Ona saysumajy o6aux cyga y Kome ce naaaze [A]. Mebytam, Metajyhu oBanx, Teanocrn sanpxasajy upsoburay sanpemmiy © Facosu nemajy nu ctamu obaux, a uu saupe- wuxy. [powsbomHa KONHYHHa Taca, saTBOpeHa y cyay.Jeaan neo race je wenywren wcnywasa taj cya ysex nornynoL. 360r tora ce Gotta He Mowe WCNYHHTH 0 MoAOBKHE racoM, Kao urro je cayyaj ca TewHowhy. Tacopn ce umpe Ha cue crpave u ucnysbanajy can npoctop, na ce 3aTo Mopajy 4ysaTH caMo y SpwxsHBo (xepMeTHuKH) 3a- ‘Tpopelwint cyzonusta Osaxkse ocobune racoBa nocaeauua cy caabor aej- cTBa KOXe3HOHMX CHa H3Mehy MOmeKy.1a. Tacosm ce Mory caBATH M 3ay3eTH Malby 3anpemu- ay EJ. ro ce He Moxe nocTHhu Koa TeyHHX H 4Bp- CTX Tena, 3aTo ce KaxKe na cy TACOBM BeOMa CTHI- suunu. CaBujaieem raca cMatbyje ce mpocrop wmeby HerOBHX MosIeKys1a. KojH je HHa¥e 3HaTHO BehH Hero | KOA TeYHOCTH M YBpCTHX Tena. | PasMorpHMo caaa jeaHy apyry caM4Hy nojasy. | Aleanhu kpene 3aaprkavajy ce na Taban npa mMH- caiby. PasHuM BpctaMa nenKa Mory ce 4BpcTo cmo- jut Komaam Tena pasam4nrux cynctanunja. Mcto Tako je nosaro aa McToMmeHH Kanaj 1o5po npwata 3a 4ncT Metan. Tpw noxyuiajy aa ce craknena naovw noaurne ca nospumMe one f{] a0Bxja ce yrHcaK = kao aa je sanennena. t Cee ope u came nojaue yrasyjy Ha TO Aa npmBnaAe cune genyjy w3Mehy GaMcKHX MoseKyja pasTMuMTHX cyficranmmja, 1). w3Mehy pasxopoaHux Monexyma. Ope aeaaa | ‘HUE ce 3OBY AsIXeaHONe cme. WW Wee 4. 2aurro ce nonve ne nanynm sgoM KORO ce oTs0poH wagone sory y ey ca sono]? 2: Mpc napena oreapene Bose ocsha cey yeno| npocTopmi. Kano te To objaunaea? 3: Mome mm jeawa wera cyncronunja Gwrw y cea Tpv arperarva rama’ Havecr npnnep. 4. Tiyna Bove Tesnocta ne woKe ce raTeop#r sanyuaven, Sauiro! 5. Kanyru 2-3 mann racrana y ~auly nyny sone caMeraTh wawecHo epene, Cea he ce soge obojntm. Kaxo ce To objawieasa?3. MEPEHE ®13M4KUX BEAMYMHA Y ctaxoanesHom xHBOTY Hyjy ce HM KOpHCTe W3- Pash Kqo WTO cy: AyAXHHa, -BpeMe, Hanon, TeKHHa, rycraa apyrn. Cee cy To gusnaKe Beanune. [pema Tome: Bezmunne koje kapaxtepnmy cnojerno guawaKor Tea nam GusHaKe nojaBe sony ce dyBNKE BEANE, Oapehene mpeacrase 0 exo) pwSH¥KO] penMMMHH soBujajy ce Meperem Te Bennsnne Vomepurn nexy gunn: Bese ate toes see Sane capa MeTe BeaWanne, ca yesojenom jeguauyom Te seausuue. . Mepemem ce, ana, oapehyje KoauKo je myta we am4una Koja ce MepH seha HAM Malba oA ycnojene jeaminue. 3a Mepere iansKnx Beanunna noTpebuo je yrepawrn jeammuny uMarH MepHn mmerpyment, Mepiit HHCTPYMeHTH, Ha MPHMep, jecy MeTapckH Tan, JetMp, YACOBHK, TepMOMeTap Hl CAMIHO. 3a TyMaverse coHX mojapa y quSHUK AOBOHO je KopucTHTH tect busKHKHX BeaMRHa. Ha ocHoBy WAX Mory ce seuHHeATH cBe octane dxsHHKe BeAHIHH, na Ce 3aTo one 30BY ocnoene seuuune. MebyHapoaHun noronopom je yTaphenio na ockonne BeawunHe Gyay: © jawna eaextpume crpyic e Jasna caeraocnor wxs0pa Coe octane dusuaKe BenusnHe AehunncaHe cy no- Mohy OBHX — ocHoBHHX BenwYnHa. Tako je, Ha npn Mep, MOBPUINHa ompeheHa HeKOM YAKHOM: MOBpUWIMHA Kpyra, AYAMHOM NOMyMpeYHHKa, NOBpUNAHA KOUKe — AYKUHOM HBHUe, WTA. HeTH je cay4aj ca 3anpeMuHOM M ApyTIM HSHAKHM BeHYHNAMA, Kao WTO cy: Op- Suna, cua, cHara HT. — 0 KojuMa he ce jou! roso- pura. Vcrum aorosopom yesojee cy jeaunnue ockoonax aeamunna, Koje ce 30By ocnoane jegunuye. One cy on- pelenie oropapajyhuM cranaapanMa. WIM eTanoHMMa Y VII paspeny Kopycruhe ce camo jeanaue 3a npse 4eTHpH OcHOANKE REMHMMHE, HT 3a ayxuny = merap (m) 3a apewe == eexywa (8) 3a macy — — xmsorpan (kg) 3a remneparypy -—- —-Keurunon crenen (K) Ovo cy jennie Mehynaponior cucrema jenwmnna. Kojm ce cxpaheno oBesiexana Kao SI cuctiew® © Merap je jeanumua ayxune, ycraionsena jou 1799. Foawie, 4 TO Kao YeTpAeCeTOMHAHOHUTH 20 _3eM- ToMHOF MepHaujata KojH nposa3sM Kpo3 MMapus§l, * Oo aonasy on panuycKor wasKa Sistéme international d'unitespo je mpsa aehununja merpa kao jeanunue ayKuHe. Kaciinje je, pain jeaocrasnocts, edumunja wame- wena m rac: Oxo je cilangapg gyre, OnHOCHO yeBojeHa jenH- kuua 3a Mepeibe ayxHue, Y mpaxcn ce Kopucte wehe m Mane jeauurue om merpa. Beha jeamumua on Metpa, Koja ce Hajeuthe ynorpeSapa, jecte xusomemap (km): km = 1000 m Mare jeaunmue oa MeTpa cy 1 neumerap (dm) 01 m 1 nestrumerap (em) 0,01m 1 suawmerap (mm) — 0,001 m 1 stnxpow (4) 0,000 001 m © Cekyna, kao jenna 3a speme, yraphen je Ha oc- HoBY Tpajata cpegiei cynuanol gana.* jenan cexyna je 1/86400, neo cpexwer cynsanor To je euangapg apemena. onHocHo yesojena jeguuuua 3a Mepetbe Bpemena. Behe jeawnmue of cexynna jecy: Pe sennyt (min) ~ 60 5 1 wae (h) = 60 min » 3 600s © ocnosnnm jemminuama Mace H TeMmepatype roBo- puhe ce Kacuigje. MEPEBE AYKUHE 3a Mepeise MaibMX ayAKHHa KOpHCTe ce nerMp, Me- TapckH Wran MIM MeTapeKa Tpaka, a 3a Behe aysKune veausina (ieowemapcxa) tpaxa Ff]. 3a npennsio meperse neDRMHe TAHKHX MOdHua, MpetuMKa -AHUE H CAMSHO, CAYXE JERUP a HOWNjyCOM H MHKpOMETApCKH 3aBpratb. © Jlewup ca nomjycom HI] cactoju ce 3 ee ckaste: jeune Henomusne, ca nogebuMma oa 1mm, n apyre ToMusHe (HORHiyCa), 4HjK MoremUM HoHOCe 0,9 mm. Teno snje ce chosHe AMMeNSHje xKeNe MepHTH (ysopax A) crasma ce u3Mehy xsyHowa HenomuNie M MOMMMHe ckane neHbupa ca HoHMjycom. Kako cy mo- nemUH ToMMaHe ckane 3a 1/10mm MaieK on nome JoaKa Ha HeMOMMAHO) CKAIM, TIPBM, ApyTH M Tpeht nogenak (He y3uMajyhu y oB3up wyaTh Nogeak) mo- MHuHe ckane 3aoctajahe 3a 1/10, 2/10, 3/10mm 3a oarosapajyhum noaesuKMa Ha NOMHNHO} CKAZH. * Tlowro ce Spina mpuonanor kperaisa Cynua oxo 3emme meHta y TORY roaHNe, yMecro Cynua ysuma ce saMmuisvena vawka Koja 6 ce ymex Kperana wctom Gpsinom a 3a HETO BpeMe onvicusana 3aTBOPeHY nyTamy OKO 3eMmbe. Ovo spemc if y CrBapn Tpajame cpeamer cynwanor sana: Yennuna rpaxoTipu Mepetby slessupom ca HonHjycom, Ha Hemon- SHoj ckamM 4HTa ce Opoj HeANX MuAHMeTapa Ha oc- HoBY MosOxKaja nyultol uogeska Nomuune cka.te. 3aTKM ce Ha MOMMSHO} CkaH OapeaM MomeaK KojH Ce Haj- SHWE MOKsaNa ca jeMHAM oA HoseibaKa Ha HeNOMHYHO] ckann. Hajsaa ce Spojy ueAX MMIUMeTapa s10a OHO- JIMKO HECETUX AAesIORA MHSINMETPA KOAHKO je TomemaKa Settler Fincpumerepcnor oaBpojato Ha NoMMMHO| cKATH, UME ce AoBHja Me- sch peva auMensuja tena. Ha mpumepy J] ona wsHocn 22.6 mm. JlesHpom ca HoHMjycomM Mory ce MepuTH it YHyTpaunise aMMeHsuje Testa (y3opax B), Kao HM ay- Sune pyne (ysopax C), ¢ Muxpomerapexu 3aspram fF] cayxx 30 jour npe- uusHuje Meperbe smMMeHsuja Teta. AKO no80mr Muk- pomerapckor 3asprita D naumin jean oBpraj, oma ce MoKpeTHM uMnHaap F npuOawku uam yaasen on HenoxpetHor uammmpa E 3a Imm. Ha sodomy D wana3am ce Kpyxkta ckana ca 100 momesaka. uITo 3HaMH nla CRaKH Nojlemak onronapa ayKHHK oa 1/100 mm. Ha ckaau umanuapa swrajy ce wenn MHaMMeTpH. a Ha KpYXHO} ckaaH — cTOTH JAeOBH MisMMeTpA Bpmo npeuuoHH MMKpOMeTAPCKH 3aBpTibN Mory Me- Mocrynax mpm nepery PUTH W XBUHAAMTE jenoBe MiLTHMeTpA. Ha camun ff] wamepena aeSmnua nue HsHOCH 3,09 mm. nase MukpoMeTapcKH 3aspTar apKH ce TIpH Mepetby o#AKO KAKO je ToKAIAHO Ha cAMUM TIpn mepersy ayanne Mory Hactat rpeurke yenen Henpaknanor nonoxkaja Mepuaa WK 360r HenpaBna- Hor Moroxaja Mocmatpasa, Kao urro je mpyKasaHo na commu MEPEBE MOBPUIMHE Mepetse nonpume, kao urro je neh peveno, cBomK ce Ha Meperbe ay:KUHe, jep Ce OHA MOKe ompeauTH Mepenem ay>xnne. Tako ce, Ha npwMep. mospuua Kpanpata MO%e oMpenHTH Mepenen ayxkuNe jeaNe werone CTPANHle, NpABOyrAOHHKA — MeperbeM aYARHHE OcHoBHUe H BHCHHE, JloNTe — Meperbem enor nosy npewinxa, ra. Jeamunua 3a nospusuny y Mehynapoanom cucremy jeamumua jecre KBaapaTHM MeTap (m2) On sehux jeamuua najiewhe ce Kopuctw Keagpaiunu kuaomemap (km): 1 km? = 10002 m2 = 1000000 m* 2 oa Mawnx jenna FE : 1 xeaparan neuemerap (dm!) = 0,01 | xoaaparie uenrumerap (cm 0.0001 m* I xoaaparan manera (mm) — 0,000001 m*MEPEIbE 3ATIPEMHHE Vi opo Meperbe ce csoan Ha Mepere ayAKHHE. JeanHuua 3a sanpemuy y MebyHapoatom cuctemy jeamimua jecte KySHH Merap (m) Behe jeaummue 3a 3anpemmy on 1m’ ckopo ce He cpehy y mpaxcu, 20K ce Male jeamumue Kopucte, H To: 1 ky6un aewuneerap (dm’)~ 0,001 m’ 1 kyOtn ewwserap Cem’) 0,000001 m* KyBun aeunmerap sose ce jour H .ruidap (lit), uro 3naun aa je 1lit—1dm Slako ce Mowe aaknysirH ma je J suwrdaudap (mt) jeanax Tom’. 3unpeMMHa Tena MOXE Ce AMPeKTHO OmpEANTH Meu- aypom I]. To je unimuapminn cya Ha anjem ce 3Ha~y wana3H cka:ta ca nosemuima, Hajyeuhe y cm. TIpe AOweTKA Mepersa MeH3YpOM noTpeSHo je ompeaMTH SpeAHOCT jeaHOT nOmeDKA WeHe CkKame. Tocrynax 3a ompehusae 3anpemune je catenehu. Y mensypy ce ysmje w3pecha KONMYMHa Bone M npodnTa Kena sanpemunaf]) Batu ce y MeHSYpy MOTOHM Teno Ynja ce 3anpeMMita ompehyje K mpownTa ykymHa 3anpemuna. Oay3iMawem 3anpemMHe Bolle OA YkymHe sanpeMHHe Bose HM Tena jo- Suja ce sanpemuna notonweHor Tema. ‘Onaj MeToa oapebusara sanpemune noronan je Koa YBpcTHX Tena, Koja ce HE pacrBapajy y BOM, KAO M KOM Tea neiipasuanol obauKa. Oxpehibarse 3anpemune OBAKBHX Tesla MEpeEM HHXOBHX AMMEHSHja cKOpo je HeMoryhe. Mehyrum, TpeGa YOUTH Aa ce M OBO Mepelbe CBOAK Ha Mepelbe mYAMHE, Tj. BHCHHE BoseHOT cryGa y MeHsypi. Ako Teso He Moxe aa cTaHe y MeH3ypy, HeTroBa 3ampemuHa ce onpelyje momohy cyga ca upeausnom eeu v jeane mensype npasnnaw moron}MEPEBE BPEMEHA To nojma 0 spemeny aonasn ce Ka ocHony Tpa- jatha HeKor mpouieca Kojn je yeBojen 3a Meperse Bpe- Mena. Hajseithe je to weKo xperatse, Cpy5a_opujen- ‘Talluja BpeMeHa Y CBAKOMHEBHOM 2kuBOTY (KoA acTpO- HOMa Bp/O MpeuW3Ha) 3acHHBa ce Ha CMeHH gana Hohi, emeHH ToaMuMbHx noBa, OAKOCHO Wa KpeTatbe Bemune. 7 Bpeme ce npeusuuje Mept vacoenuxom, Koj waj- sewthe noxpehe enactusita onpyra, Koja ce noppemeno Mopa 3aTernyTH (HaBHTH). Y qusuun ce Bpeme mepn xponomeiipom FA). Kojn nuje HMUITa ApyTO AO MpeuNsKKjH Mm creunjaaHO mO- aewlen yacosnuK, OBWYHO NMA MHHYTHY H ceKyHaHy Kasa%ky, a KON joi MpeuW3HHjHX xpOMoMeTapa Ha- siasn ce H KasauKa Koja moKayje 1H cToTe enoBe cexynute. Bpeme ce Mepy ykmyuHBaibem xpoHoMeTpa y %e- JbeHOM TPEHYTKY M HeTOBUM HCKEYSHBAKEM KasA ce Mocmarpann mpouec saspumu. Mocae Tora ce wa cKanit XPOHOMETpa O¥NTA H3MepeHO BpeMe, H To Spoj uemx MUHYTA M CEKYHANa W MeCeTHX menOBA CekyHAA, a KOM Mpewusiijax xpowoMerapa ountapajy ce M cTOTH ae- OBM ceKyHIa. Hanae cy wajrasinjn awoucru wacosnuyu, aja je Tpewka Matsa of | cekyma 3a BpeMe of TpwaeceT Fonwua. Bagayu 1—S 1. Mpouenwrn ogoKa ayxnny crona, aymnny umpmny coBe, aeSrnny onosxe m To nposepwrn epersen. 2. Kojit ce mHeTpyMeHTH KopHcre 30 Mepere ay- une y woncKo} pazKoHnuN? 3. 3auro je newup Tamm ca one crpaHe Ha Kojo] ‘ey nogerwun? 4. Karo ce nonohy metype nome oapeanTH 20- npennna Bowue? 5. Kaxo ce nonohy cyaa ca npenwsHon uesh H ewsype nome oapeawTH sanpennna “apcror Tena? 6. Yrepaura speaNocT nonenaxa Ha MeHsypaHo NpwKaaHN Ho cnMuM Yrepawr koja je HeHypa npewnsHnja. 7. He spxy Hexwx mewypa croja omaxa ml, @ Ha hexnma cm’. fla nn je To wcro? 8. Koruny ayxany noxaayiy Muxpomerapexn 2a vow na cnmun BEY?>> 2. "G il, a ss « Cuae y paénowiewu 1, 3EMJbHHA TEXA WM TEXKMHA TEJIA = Axo ce Tava ca KHurama ApH y pyun, oceha ce i fla wena py4Ka mpwTuckyje mpere M la ueny pyky pyye Hawnxe. fla 6H ce pyyka saapxana y pyw, Mopa ce ynorpeurn cna Muunha §}. Cea tena nanajy Bo =e a 3eMIby AKO UK Y TOME EUITO He cmpevana. vena © Cua Kojom 3emsa npuntasH cna reaa HasnBa 4 ce 3emspuna_rexa. Ha weTH HawwH Ha cma Tena Ha Meceuy aenyje Mecevena Texa, na Benepn — Benepuna tema, 11 omen Ae f 8 ' i] oe | nara \ rl i | ' Hi wa wpe sone Bf Tloa nejcrbom 3emsune Texe caa tena mpurucKyjy noanory Koja wx cnpewaa fa nanajy: 3aTexy Kowal © Koj cy oBewena H Texnua rena je duowxa seansnna. Hajyeuhe ce obBenexapa ca Q. Mpasau Kojum naga Teo wenyurreHo 43 pyke, Mau KojM nloxasyje saTernyr KOHAlL 0 KojK je OBeUIeHO HeK: Teno, jecte sepiauxaxan upasay. Tlospmmia Mupxe sone noxasyje [J sogopasnu wan xopusonitaanu tipasa, Beprukauu M_XOpH3OHTAIHN MpaBall NocnenMUe cy 3emmmne texe FJ} Ha csaxom mecty Ha 3emsu yrao W3Mehy oBMX mpapana msHocu 90°.F wncor _ Seprywana Bpuo ecto je norpeBHo nponepiTH neprHKaHH 1 XOpHOHTATHH Mpakaul, Beptukaawn npasatt ce mpone- aba MpH swatby arpaae. Konalby ByHapa, MocTaBIBAIby cryBona Ha cnoptexum TepeHuMa, u camo, To ce Toctwxe momohy mwexa [J Bucax ce cacrojm 43 yxeTa w MeTaaHor Tena (Hajyewhe y o6aMKy Kye), koje je 3a mera mpapesano. Xopu3onTanHH Mpapall ce mpowepasa npn moctap- Joamby MaUINHa, TeMesa 32 3rpale, pH yaHMawy Tlomaraka 0 eMIGMUITY 3a Hapany TeorpacKHx Kapaa, ura. To ce pan anGeaom | JIiGena ce cacrojx on crakewe wean suju cy KpajeBt saTBopenw H caBnjenn Hawke, Koja je cKOpo cBa McmyHeHa @KOXOsIOM Kana ce nocrose suGene Hasiasn y xopwsouranHo} papun, saocramM Mexypwh fa3ayxa ay3HMa HajeMunK Feo Weak H9Mely Be oHaveHE upTe 3a Mponepawatse xopHs0uTaHor Mpanta Moxe Tloc- JIYKUTH M 3HAapeKH tpoyrao f]) Ms reorpaguje je nosHato aa je 3emaea sonractor oGnnka. Kako cy com epTHkanHit mpasun MopMamun Ha MOBpUNMHY BeMubuHe JONTe, 3Ha¥M Ja CBK OHH nponase Kpos 3emanno cpeauurre O [ll BeptakanHn mpasun y apa Sancka Mecta apakTH4kH cy tapanenmi, a urTo cy Mecta yaamenuja, yrao usMe- by Tx mpanatta je ope nchn. Texnna jenor Tena pasmunra je na pasmHantam uM BHCHHaMa. Veouuko je HagmopcKa eucuna yiuioauno je Wexuna wera mama. Camano je 1 ‘a nySunom. Teaa wa eehoj gybunu umajy mary Wexu- wi e Ha jequom neprmxasuom uparny Texwwa rea je uajacha ua unoy mopa. Ocu tora, Texwa jenMor Tena pasmusnra je y MectuMa Koja uMajy. paammuntTe reorpapcKe wMpHHe, Ha mpumep y Beorpaay u Wpary. Y Susumu 3emounux Yoaosa tesa cy newiio ihexa, a y wogpy'jy exeaiopa neurluo saxwa. One pasinke HHCY Bee M MOrY ce YTAPANTH caMO MpeHHaHNM MepersuMa, a y OONNHHM caysajesuma ce sanemapyjy. Hacrane pasnnxe cy n0- ‘CHeAMUA CHBOUITEHOCTH 3eMee Ha MOOBHMa, KAO H wexe porauuje Oxo concreene oce.Ha benmKim ynawewuma on 3eMube, Kao y KOCMH- sxHM cTaimaMa, Tena rySe TexHHY, jep Tamo nejcTRO Semmune Texe cKOpo H He nocrojs. Kana ove crannute noby y Onmanuy HeKux apyrux manera, Taga tena y "NIMa MloHoRO cTH4y TexHHY 36or Tosehawor nejcrsa rexe oBvx mnanera. [[¢jcTBo Texe je Behe To je crammma Gmioxka ruiareTs, nia je onma K Texmia Tella y cranmmy neha. perce ee Bopno je ysera ‘reawna Idm sucre AecTuioBaHe Boje, Temnepatype +4°C, wa reoragckoj mmpann of 45° 1 Ha unsoy Mopa, Ona jeauumua ce HasMBa KUAOMOH A (kp). Kacuuje je wawmnex samak om aerype maaTune u Mpunaijyma, KojM uma McTy TexMHy Kao H 1 dm> Boze lon HaBeNeHsiM yonosuMa. Onaj Bamak mpenctapma cTaHTapA, WIM eTaOM TexHHe Ww YyBa ce y Bupoy 3a ‘rerose u Mepe y Cespy, Kpaj Tlapusa. Hberosa BucuHa H MpesiMK OcHOBe WSHOCe TaYHo 39 mm Y mpaxcu ce Kopucte sche m mate jenmunue on KwmonoHNa, WTO: 1 mows () = 0,001 kp 1 aexanona (dap)= 10 p 1 aetunona (ap) ~ O41 p 1 uewrunona (ep) 0,01 p 1 meranona (Mp)= 1000 kp~ 1000 000 p Jeawnuia 3a texwny y MebyHapontom cwctemy jeammmua, jecte yt H (N). Ona je 9,81 nyta Mama oa 1 kp, Haume: N= Lip um 1kp=9,81N 9.81 © Mepewe texnue, — TexkuHa Tera Mepl ce ANMaMo- Merpom. Hbcrosa ynorpeda ce 3acHHpa Ha uctesaibyfA win, jou vewhe, wa ca6ujary FF jeaxe enactuune ompyre. Ako ce 0 aMaMomerap oGecu 2, 3, 4 nyta Teme Teo, weropa ompyra he ce ucTerHyTH Ta- Kobe 2, 3. 4 nya sume Vicresaie onpyre smmuamomerpa yapano je cpasmepHo exunn Tena Koje ce Mepy.YoBuuajenn cnorosn rerosa 3a naBoparopmjcxe Tepasnje 500g 200g 100g 10g Me 0g 108 50g ie ee 500 mg 200mg 100mg 100 mg 50mg 20mg 10mg 10mg mg 2mg img img Ckane ammamomerpa xajseuthe cy oanavene y KHn0- TOwAHMA, WH y MOHAKMA, a y MOCTeAHe BpeMe Hy wyTHWMa, YMecTo upTHua Ha cKasM, aMHaMOMeTPH ce w3pahyjy w ca upHo-SemHM mpcTeHoBHMa jeaHake umpane§ff . Aniamomerpy ce kopucte wy n0mahn- ucTBy, 3a Mepeibe Texunef . MoroaHu cy 3a yno- TpeGy. jep cy Manx aMMeHSHja M naKH, a Mepembe ca iiiMa je Bpr0 jeanocTaBHo. 2. MACA TEJA Ceaxo Teo, nope Texwue, KapakTepmie weroBa maca. [lok ce Texkwita Tella Mews Ca MPOMEHOM Hee- FoBOr nosowaja Ha 3enubM, a Huje MCTa y pakeTH, Ha Meceuly aM Ha HeKOj MuaHeTH, OTIC Melosa Maca oc waje neupomerena. Toa HeTHM ycaoBuMa Texa Tena uajy Behy Macy oa aaxuiux. Zaxne: © Maca rea mponopunonasua je werosoj Texnuy, Jeawnuua 3a Macy y Mehywapoanom cycremy jenm- numa jecte KUMOrpaM (kg), a TO je Maca seh no- MOHYTOr BAKA On MATHHE MPHAMIYMA, Koji mpea- crapma cTanmapa (MAK eTasoH) TexHHe on jenHor xunonouna. Ucto Tako Y mpaxcu ce Kopuere Mate Behe jeauume on KHAOrpaMa, 1 To: 1 rpam (e) 0,001 kg. 1 samaurpam (mg)~ 0,001 8 1 rowa (t) = 1000 kg, wera © Mepeme mace. — Maca ce Mepx Tepasujama [J] . Tip oBome ce Maca Tea ynopelyje ca Macama Te- Toba koje cy mo3Hate. Teronm ce Maye Hasa3e y ca- crapy cBHX Tepasija M MMA WX pasMMUNTHX Maca, Benvmia 4 o6mHKa IT Ha jenan rac Tepasuja (oBuuxo xeBK) crasma ce Teno, ROK ce Ha ApyrH Tac craBnajy Teros. Kana ce Tepasuje ypasioTexe, Tana je Maca Tea wjeaa- Mewa Ca MacOM Teroma Ha Tacy. Maca Tena usmepenia repasjama csyna je cra (ua Benoon, Meceuy, uTa.), jep ce TexmHa Tea x Terona Mewa NonjemaKo y cBHM enyvajeBHMa, nla cy YeHOBK paBHOTEKe TepasHja yBex HoTH.fee Beh je peveno a Texwua Tena, mace 1 kg, Ha reorpadexoj WHpHHH on 45° w Ha HuBoy Mopa w3HocK I kp. Buaw ct na cy HxoBe Gpojue BpeaHocTH jeaHaxe. JlaKo je 3akmyGNTH 2a OBO BMKH 2a Te GUO Koje Mace, HANME: Maca reaa Spojao je jeamaka rexwny reaa na reorpapcxoj umpaua on 45° 4 na Hupoy Mopa ako ce Maca WSpa3H y KMJOrpaMuMa (rpAMMMa), a TexMNA y KHLIONONAUMA (owsusa). Tako ce Moxe HenocpeaHo 3aKMy4NTH a TexMHa Tena Mace 4kg wsHocK 4 kp, WM ma Maca Tena uja je TexuHa 65 p MSHOCK 65g, MTA. Texuna Tena, mace kg, mpema peyeHom, He wHocH cayma 1 kp, seh je sama nan Beha og ove speanooTn. Hapownro senuke pasnuKe nocToje y TexHMH jenKor Tena Ha NojenMHM MuIAHeTAMAa, YoneN BesIMKe PASMMKE Y 1HXOBHM MacaMa. TaKo je Texuwa Tena Mace | kg xa Meceuy 0,16 kp, ana Jynutepy oxo 2,6 kp. Texw wayra, Mace 100 kg (ca onpemom), Wa HeKHM 1 KocMo- weTaMa npmKazyje canka ff] Tlornysuja acbununuja Mace wan0xmhe ce xacuuje. 3agauu 6—17 4. Ura je Serronna Tema, @ wra Texnna reno? 2 Y Kom nposuy # cnepy aenyje rexvna reno? 3. Koju je npasay xopmoxranon, xanan? Kaxo ce on oapehyiy? 4. OBjaciwrn ynorpeSy nmBene, enews m anaap- ‘exor Tpoyena. S. Koro ce nome nposepura Kom Kyhe a nm je awa seprixanan? (Mpnnennrn jeahy On Mevone.) 6. Kaxo ce nowohy Mevanie Kyrnnue HOME KONCTa- youaTH Aa in je EKO NOBpLINWa XOPMOHTaNWa? 7. Konwies je yrao waHehy sepraKanor npasua Wa ©) nony x exearopy’ 8) wa nonosuna? B. On wera sonny rexnno rena? Kojnm jeanne on ce mpemane? 9. Konwea je nace rene nja je rexema 1 kp 4 t pt 10. Koa 6x ce anwanonerpon neprna TexnNa jeawor Tena Na Benrunon exearopy ¥ Many, Aa i Bu ce oBH0 CTH peaynraT mepera? 11, OBjaciur# aaancnect Toxine Tena on KOA opere ewewne Tena? 12. OBjacur» cowmy FE] 2 Kojm neprn- x 13. Konuxa je rexwwa rena (y kp p) unja je twaca 2 kg. 70 kg »-100 g?- 44. Kona je nace tena (y kg # g) uno je rexawa 1.2 kp. 45 kp w 150 p? 15, Unme ce ep Texwena Tena, © sume moca? Ho kon ‘pwnunny ce aecIMBa poR OMX mNCTPY- 16. 3noro ce wynyie y Mapoxy, © npoagie y ux- xo). Tprosuy je ncssonvena sapage 10), fla nn Bx Yprosau enue 20paaN0 aKo Bx anaTo MepHo AMHO- oerpom wi earon? 17. onohy ocernuanx Tepaawja ¥ rera on 1 g nome ce Of xHue HanpaBiTH Ter on O.1 g. KaKo Tpeba nocrynra?a 3. CNEWMOMYHA TEXHHA MW TYCTHHA © Cneunusna reams JenHake JanpeMune pasiMMXTHX cyncranunja Hemajy jeaHace TexKHe. AKo ce wapexy jeatake KoNKe om apseTa, anymunnjyma, raoxha, Gaxpa, cpebpa M onosa. . F t ip TAKO aa je sanpemmia craxe Kouxe lcm’, oma he & & s 3 ce Mepesem nomohy aunamomerpaf) yrepanTn aa { | je TexWHa KoUKe ot fppeta 0,7 p, on anyMunujyma 2,7 p, oa reowha 7,8p, oa 6axpa 8.9 p, o1 cpedpa | ' | 10,5p u of onosa 11,3 >. | are Lae alas # Coaka om opix texnHa cnennpiina je 3a oapeheny Ld . Bann. | ~ a - Ha 6u ce oapeauna cneun@ayna TexHHa HeKor 1 oO | Tena, He Mopa ce y3eTH lcm? cyncramunje oa Koje | ore BE ie Teno naunieno, ach ce ova-MOxE ONpeAMTH payyet- CkM Ha ocHoBY Mepena TexHNe Qn sanpemHHe V Tena, Te ce Ha Taj HAHN yTBp- Dyje Koko je nonAa Texax lem? Tora Tena. TIpema Tome, rexwna veaa | cnewubuma Tena, sanpemmna rean Axo ce creunisina TexKHa o3Ha4H ca y (raMa), OHA ce Ha Moxke HspasHTH OBpactiem: { a rexuna (p) y= v cneunpwsna Text (2 sanpesinia (em Aarne = , —— Cocumwma texuma je Texuna jeammrine sampemmne aaTe cymeramunje, Jenwiia 3a cneunbumy texnny y MebyHapoaHom cuctemy Jeaunnua jecTe iy TH no Ky6Hom MeTpy (N/m!). Ona ce y oBMm jenMHnmaMa 106nje kala ce TexHHa Tena vapasn y HyTHuma (N), a 3anpemuna y m3, Kana ce TekHHa Tena W3pa3H y HOHAMMa (p), a sanpemuia y cm, cmeumpuyHa Texuna ce 106Hja y Wouguma wo KyO10M yeniiumelipy (plem?). Jena on TavHHjux Merona sa onpehnpare cnenupisne Texnne Ghe npoysena kachuje. Cheunibwie TexuHe cBMxX cyncTaHMuja eKenepHMcHTanHo cy ofpeliene H HeKe of wux gate cy y cnenehoj raGnmuu. CHEUMOM4HE TEXUHE HEKMX CYIICTAHUMIA Vipnaniye 22,4 piem* Anyuunviy 2,7 pfem* | Tiara, aie Tpaxur 26 Snaro 1933 Tpagur 22 “s 2Kusa 13,6 ¢, Craxao 25 ‘ Ox1030 113. Bona 1/00 t Cpebpo 10,5 Aaxoxoa 0.79 i Baxap 89 ZIpso (Gyxsa) 0,75 iy . Trobe a Tyra. 0,24 “ | Kana} w Banayx 0.001293 20 |Kopnwhewem o6pacua 2a éneumpsny TexHHy Mowe ce HSpayyHaTH TexHHA Tema Q=+V, naw serosa: sanpemnna v= 2 He noctojm nara Kojom ce Moke HaMepHTH TeuIKa KONCTPYKUMja MocTOBA H mpy- THX noctpojeiba. 3aTO npojekTaHTH wa OCHOBY chenMpuNHe TexMHe MaTepujana, npeapuhevior 38 ysrpanmy, WopayyHanajy’ wuXoBy TexHHY Ca MpoMeHom TexkHHe Tea Ha pagHHM MecTHMa 3eMsuHe NoBpUIMHe Merba ce H cneunpasna Texwa, na 6m qaTa TaGqMua chenMpHaHNX TexMHA BARNA CAMO Ha 45° reorpadexe wupuve M Ha HMBOy Mopa. Tipunep. Koawsa je cneundusa rexuma rea texune Q~226p m sanpemune V-- 20cm’? Oa wera je To Tea0? Noaaun Peweme 2226p 2. 25p 4.4 ¥<200m Vem!” em? Tipema ropiioj raSamn ten je on on08a. HATIOMEHA. Ha ocnosy pemenor upumepa snAN ce 1 ce MPH peulmeamy sanaTaKa, nope Spojaux mpeaHocra, Mopa BOANTH paMyHa Ho jeuuMuama nojeaMuNX BesIYMNA. PayyneKe pamlee ce oaoce KAKO Ha Spojue apeanoctn Tako m Ha jeanwme. O Tome Tpefa crpore noauTH payyna. e Tycrma Kao uiro oawoc Gpojuux speaHocTH TeKWHE Tena M tweroBe 3anpemuHe saje cne- UNbusHY TeKHHY cyncTaHUNje Oa Koje je Te cAcTaBMEHO, TAKO M oaHoc OpojHUX \ BpeaOcTH Mace Tena mM secroBe sampemmne V aaje Opojay epennoct duswaxe beawuntie, Koja je Ha3pala rycTma Tycrna ce oGusHo oGenexkasa rp¥KHM cnoBoM ¢ (po). MaTemaTH¥KH spas 3a ryeruny je: aca (g) Aut panpemutia (cm) ema ao | Ayermia je aca jeammse samperome ere cyncrammje, Jeaunmuia 3a rycray y Mehykapoatiom cuctemy jeannuua jecte KHnor pam no metpy Ky6Hom (kg/m). Tycruua ce a0Guja y osu jeamHnuama ako ce : aca wapasn y kg, a sanpenuta ym? AKo ce Maca Tena wapasM yg, a 3anpemuna Tena y cm}, rycTHHa ce 206Hja Tyctmna sone je | g/cm, rsoxha 7,8 g/cm, anymunujyma 2,7 g/cm’. Axo je ryctua HeKor Tena, Ha mpumep. 3 g/cm’, ona je M Herona cneundwina x Texwa (Ha Feorpadexoj uiMpunm 45° 4 Ha HABOY Mopa) Hero TaKo 3pjcm’. AKo je cnenugusia texwia Hexor Tena 9p/cm?, serosa ryctuna je 9g/em, wa. Ms BMX MIpMMepa ce JaKy4yje: FycTHHA M cHeNM>HHHa TexKHHA feKe cyncTamuje uMaj jeamaxe Gpojne_npeawocn ako ce ryctuwa wspasn y gicm’, a cnenwbwma rexuia | y plem’. Torosunje je KopucrHrH ra6aMuy 3a rycTMMe nojeaMHMx cyncTaMunja yMecTo TaO- AME 34 CheuMdusHe TeAHHE, jep ce TYCTHHA cyncTaHUMje He Mera HMTAe Ma ZeMuEn, a WM H3BaH We, MOA YCNOBOM ga je TeMMepatypa Tena ucTa. gicm’, 2Tipunep. Koman xeaa y oBamxy Kowxe, wje cy nme a 10cm, wma macy m=900g. Koamnn je ryerma stez1a? Nonaun Pewene | a= 100m a V =a = 10° em’ = 1 000 em? ° = n09= a = 10! cm = 1 00 em 7° rape aes ° 4. ¥ TaBnnun cneynmunnx TeRMHa nopen HpHaK “ Screas yma crojn Spo) 22,4. Wra shaun raj Bpoj? 2. Kaxo ce wapa4yHasa TeawHa Tena aKo cy no: snare werosa cneynpnuna TexwHa ® sanpenmMHa? 3. Kaxo ce Tyna4N pasyerenca Tepaauja y npHnepy — npuraranon na cwun A? no 4. Konwxa je rycruna soae? 4a nm je ona jeanaxa rwomhe — rpaunr a Zenmn wy KocHHuKON Bpoay? 4. CIA H Ala 6x ce aMrao HeKH Teper, TpeGa ra nosyhw Harope; raoseHa KyraMNa Mupyje epe OK ce He MOTypa pyKOM HAM OK joj ce He MpHGNHxH MarHeT. To¥aK Bose- Mule Mupyje cbe OK Wa rerowe nonaTHme He ynapn Maas sone. Cynhep Mema o6mnx ako ra cracHemoff] , a Kyrauya ce KoTpya HM3 Kocy macky cRe 20K joj Apyro Teno He MpOMeHH TIpaBaul KpeTalba WM je cACBHM He saycTaBH. Y obum caminum mpaMepaMma jeato Teno Mela cBoj WoROKaj, OBNHK, sano- ‘imbe KpeTaibe, Mera npanaty KpeTatba U CAMYHO yeueg gejcmea gpyiol Wena. ecto ce pyro Teno, om Kora noTH¥e To nejcTBO, M He MoMMIbe, Beh ce jemHOCTaRHo Kaxe ya je aenosana enna. Jaxze: Cuma_je mepa ysajamuor xejeraa (mwrepaxwnje) sajy Teaa.Tloswasawe cue omoryhasa a ce mHore (buanuKe nojase pasymejy u o6jacue, jep je oa HUXOB y3poK. 8 360r Tora je cwaa jeaHa on HajpaxHujHx BeAHYHHA y pusaun. @ Mepeme ense. — Beh je uctaxnyTo aa je TexuHa } rela CHsla H a ce Mepm aWHaMomeTpom. OcuM Te- UH, H CBE OCTaNe CUNe Koje ce Npoytanajy y Mexa- HH Takoe ce Mepe AHHaMOMeTpoM. © jawunn cune saxmyayje ce Ha ockosy wsayxera (Ham ca6njawa) onpyre aWHaMOMeTpa Ha Kojy cua neayje FJ. Mocrynax mepetba cane cauyaH je Kao TpHUKOM Mepela TEXMHE, Y> HanomeHy aa apyre cute Mory neaopatn y Gum0 KOM mpanmy, a TexuHa camo BepTHKaHo. Jeaumnye 3a cHay cy HeTe Kao M jenMHHue 2a Te- oKMHY, MaKe: pyiH u KusouONg. Bexropexe # ckanapue nemmunne.— Kana ce naronn notackyjy 10KoMotHBom ff] , ona Ha WUX Aenyje cH- 10M onpeliene jawune HNO onmpeheHom upasuy, KojM ce noxiana ca pase mpyre, 20K cMep KpeTaiba Baroua onpehyje cuep gejcuiea cure. JloKOMOTHBA Ha Barone jleayje Ha OAOOjHMUMMA, Tne Ce HaTAsM Hawagna wauxa cuse. Bemmmne Koje cy oxpehene csojom Spojiom spex- nowhy, npasuem m cMepoM J0BY ce BeKTopcKe neamunne nam pexropu. Tpema Tome, KapaktepHcTaian mpumep neKTopcKe D BeNUYHHE je CHA, 3a PASIUKY OM CKASIAPHHX BesNIHHD kao uito cy: speme, Maca, Temnepatypa w camwHo, 7 Koje cy ospeljeHe camo cBojom Gpojom speawouhy. Bexropcke wemunne ce rpadwuen npenctaanajy wa OACeNKOM MpaBe Ca CTpesIMUOM Ha jenKOM Kpajy, Kojet Se RTE oswavapa cMep Bektopa. Jyx#Ha onceaka y u3a0pa- “cane HO} pa3MepM NpeqCTaBa BeAMYMHy BeKTopa (y cay- vajy CMe HeHY javHHy), a mpapau onceska je npasan sekropa. Kon cune Kao sekropa Kapakrepucrusia je + m HeHa Katlagua_taukaP] , Koja ipegciiasa meciio na theay y Kome gejcueyje cuaa. Axo ce np uptamy cune ycBojm TaKsa pasmepa Pa aa lcm npencrasma cuay on 10kp, oxma_oacevaK pase, ayxuie Scm, mpencrasma city ox 50 kp. oe wancawe, m Cua ce wajveuthe osHavasa caosom F, uiro norHye op oi aaTuncKe pes fortis (cusa). on{ © Caarawe cua I} Axo jena Yonek y3 CTpMy YAINILY He Moxe ta HSBy¥e HaTOBApeHa KOMHNA, OMAK My mpyru vosex [J]. Caaxn of oBHx syn aejcrByje H3BecHOM cHnoM. Oe ope cute jemnaxe cy camo jenHoj cum, Kojom Sx nejcTBOBAO cHaxKaH YoBeK Kas OH CAM RyKAO ncTa Kommua. Cua Koja Moxe 3aMeHHTH nenoBaHe qBejy MH BHUNe CHa 308e ce pesy.rranra, a cHNe Kojé OHa 3aMeryje 30BY ce KoMMoneHTe. Tloctynak w3nanaxera pesysrTaHTe 1aTHX CHa Ha3HBA 3¢ caAraHbe cna Tipu caarawy cuta Moe HacTynuTH Bue MOCeDRHX cay¥ajeBa, MITO 3aBHCH on Mpasila fejcTsa cuna, WwUXOBOr cMepa H jaye. HajeauocrapHajK cay4aj je Kana cure MMajy NCTM Npavau M HTH CMep, UNTO je MpeNCTaRIeHO WCTe3aMeM Onpyre Ha coun]. ¥ osom caysajy pesyatanra Fx uma ncTH papal u cMep Kao H HEHE KOMHO- newre F, u F;, 2 wena jasmua jeaaxa je s6upy jaya Tax Kommonewara, Haune: FroF,+F, . Cayvaj kana Kommonente uMajy HeTH mpasait a cyn- poran cep mpaxasan je wa cam ff]. Tera Aw B oxaue ce Ha kpajese ba Kawana, 4ujM cy ApyrM Kpa- jes npwsesann 3a ankuuy C. Osa apa Tena cBojMM TekHHaMa, Tj. cunama F,=200p F,=300p, se- ayiy y wery Tasxy C, Ha On ce Hanagna rasKa (an xitlia) SUIpKasla y MupOBAIY, Mopa ce JleMOBATH CH tom on 100p HacynpoT ja¥oj CHAM, uITo MoKasyje i awHamomerap. Osa cua on 100p je pesyaiuanina cna Fyn F Tpema Tome, pesyarawra jeejy cw1a ncrora mpasua L : 8 crnpermmx cicpoet Jeamuce je waxooo| pasa = (| Fyre F500 yi = Ma cmep jae cue, y oBom caysajy cue Fr,“ F,—F, Cnaramwe eund weror npasua Cnarawe enna ucror npasua W weTor enepa @ cynpotHor ertepaY caysajy kana cy oGe Kommonenre jennaxe (F = F;), pesysranra je jennaxa ays. Cooxennjar cyxaj cnarama cia je Kawa one nenyjy 5 TON w3BeCHHM yrsnOM y HCTY Hanamy TayKy. Excrte- PHMeHTAIHO ce TO MOXe aK MOKasATH MpHOopoM Ha canny EE]. ¢ Ca samse crpae apsenor pama yxyman je Kapton, a 3a Topmy mpexKy pama mpuuepushena je jenn Kpa- jem sennsna ompyra AB. 3a mpyra xpaj ompyre mpu- pesana cy Jjpa kaxama, BC » BD, a 3a cnoGomue xpajene opmx Kaxama mo jenaH mWHaMoMetap. One mHHAMO- Merpe TpeGa McTerHyTH TaKO Na YHHe HeKH yrao, a ‘OWA HX MpHKAYHTH 3a LOY MpesKy pama 4 OGeneKHTH Ma KaproHy ron0xaj popa B (cx. a). Vsnyxema munamomerapa 1 u 2, 1), cune Fy w Fp Koje cy OHM waMepHum, Tpe6a rpaibwaKu mpencramuTH no yrsphexoj pasmepx a npesmyma BC x BD wa KapTouy. 3aTHM TpeGa CKIOHNTH quHamomerpe, Tj HCKYIUTH sejcTBO cHIA Fy a F, a YMCCTO HHX ynOTpe- urn jenax munaMomerap (cx. b), omMocHO jemny cHay F,, amu ako ga weop B oie gohe y iipeimxogru ito- soxaj. Cuna F,, Kojy y TOM caysajy Mepn mMHaMo- : merap, jecte pesysranra cana Fy m F) saro miro je weHo AejcTBO jemHaKo sejeTay oGe cune. Y uctoj pasMepu ao urro cy mpencrasmene cune Fy 0 Fy Tpe6a rpadwuce npencrapata pesyaranty F,. Cnaja- Wem Kpajena Tpu RexTopa joGyhe ce napaserorpam BDCE, sje cy crpawmue cune Fy u F2, a nwjaronana pesysranta opnx cua F,. Orys1a 3a oBaj cmy4aj cmarara cHAAa H BAH TSB. cilias o iapaseacipamy cud: an ene Ta Jumjaromema ‘AKo cy y MoMeHyToM orteny jaune KoMnoueHaTa > Fu=3kp « F,=4kp, a yrao woMehy mux 90°, onaa nm je jauma muxone peaysrrante F,=5 kp. Y cayajy ga je yiao usmeby Komionenaita sehu, pesyaiianiia je area, u odpauno FR kp Fy 25© Passarane cusa Kao urro ce aejcrso apejy Man suue cHna Moxe BaMeHHTH HMXOBOM pesyNTAHTOM, Tako ce mM jenHa cuu1a MOKe pasioxNTH Y ABe HIM BHUIE KOMMONeHATA. Tenesusujckn topam wa Asanu El] ocnawa ce na Tae nomofiy tpu Hocava. Ha taj HaWHH je TexmHa Topia pasioxeHxa Ha TPM jesiaKe cute, Koje seMyiy y pasmauTum ny cuna, Camyan je_cayyaj # npH Homey Tepeta, upukazan Ha mun Ef], Tae ce Te- xxuHa Tepera pasnwKe Ha mse BepTHKAsHE CHE. Tloctynak 3a Hanaxelbe KOMMOHeHAaTA CHJIa Ha3MBa ce pasnaratse cma, 2 Moke Ce M3BeCTH Ha Ba MaMa: 1. aty cury (unp. Fa) Moxemo pa3ioxHTH Ha Komnonente F, a F,f§J, ako ce snajy npasiw oBux Komnouenata. Benwautia oBHx KOMMoHeNaTa ompebyje ce KOHCTPYKUMjoM napanenorpama ‘uja je aKjaronana nara casa. 2. Passaratse mate cue Mowe Ce M3BpUIMTH H AKO je No3Hata jeaHa of KoMNoHeHata (Hnp. F,) ueTHM noC- TynKoM Kao y nperxosHOM ciry4ajy Tpusepe 1. Habs xoucrpyxujow pesy.rranry cu 30kp, koje aeayiy nox yrnow 2 = 30 Tpaduykn noctymax winaxe:sa pesynranre mpakasax je Ha Fi 20kp w F.~ 2. Caay F=12kp paszoswrn rako aa jeawa xowmouenra ‘suxana ca pesyarautom yrao on 30°, a apyra oa 90. Tpagwakn noctynax Hanamewa pesymranre npwKasak je HaCnne y pasnoremn © Pasnoreaa cusa Yecto ce noraha a Teno ocraje y craiey mupoBa- Yea Wako Ha Hera Aeslyje MCTOBpemeHo Bue cua. Y TOM ciy¥ajy Kaxe ce ma cy cwHe y pasnoTexH, Paptiotexa cua Moxe ma Bye M KoA Tena Koje ce kpefle ako OBe cusie CBOjMM jejCTBOM He Mesajy Gp- auuy Tena, Enactwina cana newupa FE) apxu cum Texune Tena Q (ci. a), WIM CHAM Muha (cx. 5). Papuotexa he HacraTM ako Kpajepe yxeTa Byky jeaaKHM cslaMa Ba se¥aKa y CYMPOTHAM cMepo- usa Ha ochosy noMenyTux H COMMHNX npHMepa Moxke ce wauecTH caemehn 3aKbysax: pannorexy EE TES PS I, 3agayu 24 u 25 1. Ure Je ccwownm yapox cox ansnx nojasal 2. ura je por aedopnaunje Tena! 3. Keaxo ce aedomnnuse cana? 4 3B0r sera Je coma secropers sennvana? Wa waparrepmiue cany roo sexropexy wenn? 5.'llra ey wonmonevre, @ ura perynrowa cana? Mipnxaaatn ux rpadnuxn. 6 Wo ce nonpasynes non cnarawen cna? 7. Kaxo co end wanwneapraynranra ca npo- Trenon yena wonely’wonnonenaral 8. Ure ce noapaaynesa non paanarawen ina? Gnrosop mprnasarn rpabii 9. fio nw Re ce naxwe ayhn vanow Hacynpor 80- eno} crpyinf] kona cy wowonun Ayman yrao tnmeny anne Rete arm kana cy Kononun poh, {rao wamehy wwx woh? 10. Ura Gxe0 co cHnom AevaKoBNX Miwha AOK ypa nawnny 20 rowewe tpase[ fpfa] re Temnuire oe 5, TEXUUITE TEJA Moxe ce momecuTH fa 4BpCTO Teo He Naa Kako je monynpro camo y jegnoj wawxu Ef]. Y onom cay- vajy Ha Teno denyjy ape cane — werona TeKuHa Q wicuna Mauna F. Te cue cy y paBHoTexn nowTo ce Teo oA wHXOBHM aejcTBOM He Kpehe Kao urro je seh mosHato, cBako Teno ce cactojH Wo cHTHMX genHha (Monekyaa). Texne Tux seawha Mory Ce npeacTasnTH napasenHuM cusiama, ynpaBsee- WuM BeptHKano Hanone EJ. Crararsem CBX oBHX cuaa aobuhe ce pesyatanta Q, Koja npeactapma te- xMy Tera, a Wea Hananua Taxa T je wemuume thea. Hanagua tauka Texune Tea sone 3¢ Texwurre Tena. Tloa aejetsom 3emanne Texe Teno Tex na 3ay3Me XOsWHM CTaBOM. rakan nosioxaj ma My je TexHuTe UITO HwKe 3a pamak oa TaRKOr KapToHa mpHuBputhen je ca yHytpautise crpane Koma rsoxha GJ. Kako je re- >wmnrre opa JRA yapyxena Tea Herne y reoxhy, BarbaK ce MIPHAHAHO NeWe Y3 Kocy MacKy, asIM My Ce TexMUITE TipH Tome cnyuira, wito je y carmacHocrn ca miper- {4} © Onpehuaawe nosoxaja Texuurra reas. — Texnuire Tena ce onpehyje FeomerpujckH HsIK excnepHMeHTasno, wiro sapncn ot oBnmKa tena [- Koa tpoyrnacre nove (ca. a) TexuutTe ce Hana3H Y MpeceKy TEXHUNHHX JMHHja, KOs NpABoyraone nu0¥e Y Mpecexy anjaronaze (ca. b), kao H KoA KBampa (cA. ), ox ce Koa JONTe TexMuITe HasIasH ¥ HeHOM cpenMUITy (ca. d). Oxo BaxkU non ycaoBoM aa je TycTHHa cyn- cTanunje y uesnoM Tey jeanaKa. Ako je Texo Henpasnanor oBnnKa, Texnuste ce oupe- hyje excnepumenranno [fJ. Teno ce obecn taKo aa BHCM Hajnpe y jeaHo} TAYKH, a 3aTHM y apyroj. TIpH opome, TexmiuTe Tena (nnodnue), Ha OcHOBY Beh pese- Hor, 3ay3HMa HajHOKH NomOxaj, 7). asasm ce Ha BeprMKann ncTOA Ta¥Ke Beurara. Orysa ce oBa Bep- TuKAnHa AMHHj2 MM MASHBA TEXHLIHOM sIMUHjOM.+ Y npecexy avejy aim sume TexHINHHX aMja, nOByYe- HX NO Temy (TMO4MUH), HAAASH Ce HerORO (IO) Texuurre, Ha oBaj naawn ce oapebyje TexHUITe H ORWX Tesla Koja y mojenKHuM RenosMMa uMajy paamuuitTe rycruue. Kon HeKHx Tema TexnmTe je wosaH Tena, Ha npH- Mep Kom oSpy'a, mpasnor cyaa, wrana u can4Ho Ef] 6. BPCTE PABHOTEXE Teno Koje BMch Haw je MonynpTo wanasK ce y paB- HOTEKH AKO Ce WeTOBO TeKKUITE He Kpehe mom yrH- uajem Jembuhie Texe. Babucno on MehycoBuor nonoxaja ocaowua O rexuuira Tena T nocroje TpH spcre pasHorexe Ef © ako ce ocnowan Hana3H HOHaA TexHUITa, Ten0 je y craGu.moj pasuoreu (cj. a); © ako je ocnoHa Hcnom TexkuUITa, Teno je y aa6na- oj pasuorexn (ca. 6); © y caysajy Kan ce ocHonall « TexMUITe noKanajy, Teno je y MNAMpepenTHo} pasnoreRH (cA. C). CraBuna pastotexa je nocrojana, jep axo ce Teno wapeae 3 MonoxXaja crabumue pasnotexe, OHO ce noone spaha y ovaj nonoxaj. Jlabunua pasworeKa Tena je HenocTojaua, jep ce Teno WaBeNeHO HS OBE pabnotexe HuKaga He Bpaha y NpBoDMTHK monOxaj, Kana je Teno y mupepeitHoj pastorexkx, sanpkana ce y momoxajy y KOMe ce OcTaBH. Behu 5poj Tena we ocnama ce Ka nomsory y jea- Hoj Tawxu, seh y sume Tayaka, Kao ua camun ff. Tlospumua koja ce z0Bxja Kaaa ce croje cae Kpajise aoaupHe Tauke (A, B, Cm D) tena H nogsore Ha3MBa ce MoBpumHoM oca1oma. Ako ce Teno (unp. sasbax ff] ) koje nex Ha nog- O3M Hakpene M MyCTH, Mory HacTYMHTH sta cay¥aja: © ace reno sparn y npsobirHt nonoxkaj (cx. b) nam 1a ce_reno_npeupue (C1. ¢). _ Teao na nox103 octaje y pannorexu ene 0K wep- Sane ee ‘Mpozasi aed yepanay Hexo Tego ce Moxe MaIbOM CHsIOM HaBeCTH H3 paB~ HoTexe, 10K je $4 Apyro morpebua seha custa. Y opom caysajy ce Kaxe sla je cra6wamoct apyror Teta Beha. [ Q \ Thay ro y off /{| oa br Flaéinwa / pasworema = A Mnamgepenrwa a Pasnorena CraBnnna pasnorexa‘On “era sasnen crabwsHoct Tena, Moe ce NOKasaTH NOMohy mse jemuaKe wame, koje cy mp aHy yxe wero ua oTsopy. lyHa Yama je cTabuaunja on npasne. Taxohe je Naula craSwanmja Kana ce Ocna¥a Ha MOMMOTY OTROPOM Hero HOM 4Hja je MOBp- uwwa Mara. VM na xpajy, craGwaunja je Walla ca ONOBHHM KYrTMUAMA, Koje WMajy wcTy TexkHHY Kao N Boga y NpBOj waUIH, jep ce Mexuwalie gpyie yawe nanan Muse FR o Cra6umocr rena je yroamo weha yKoanKo je e scha Texmma Tea ¢ scha mospumna ocaonma @ Texumre GawKe nojnosH. Yonek Yecro, cBecHo MAH HHCTHHKTHBHO, MoBchasa craBusuoct cpora tena. (Kako?) Mpoussohasn ayromo- Suaa, Gpososa, Tpameaja, HameurTaja, nocyha (Takohe) a Bone payna o CTaBiIHOCTH cBojHx npowaBona A. Wa je Texwwre rena » rae ce wanasn? KaKo ce onpehyje nonoxa) TeKMura mpaBnnuNx, @ KAKO menpasnnnx tena? 2 HoBpojarn rena Koa Kojux je Tenure wosan 3. Kane cy rena y craBunnoj. Kana y naBunKo}, © Kana y wWKaNbepeHTHo} pasHoTeRn? Hasecrn npumepe, 4. Kana je soser craSunnnjn — Kana cean nnn xaga nexw? 5. Kojn je Yowex craBunanja — enum nnn win? 10. 3aurr0 ce nyrea, npwxaiona wo comun EE, Ne noxe aaapnara y XopmonTanHon nonoKaly? 41. 3awro xnosnff] He nate naKo je HeyoSn- Najeno WarnyT mpere noay? 12, Bowro ce vosex narmve Ho nesy crpany Kan Noch nprmar y wecHo} pyun? 13. Axo ce crane nehuna yso 24a, 4 We coBnjayha pH Tone Hore y KoneHNNG, Hehe ce HOhM AOXBO- maT onosxa ca nona. 360r vera? 14. Koxo ce moe oapeaurm Texuure aGWHNUe [Pamnaxpara cnywaj non yenosom 2a wm je TEMA jeanaxe.) & Momoro je Aa Asocnparwn ayroBycu unaly enone y wacnjm. 36or wera? 7. Konwxa je nospumna ocnonua Yosera Kaa crojn Mo jeano| wou? 8. Zo nu je noapumna ocnona YoueKs ynex jen- woK Kaa crojn wa OBe Hore! 9. Da nn je cranrwnjn Kanwon wavosapen Ka- Menon win cnomoM were Texte? anu Kaptono Henpasunnor oBnAKa? Oso nponepirrn lexcnepmmenranko Kon Kyhe. 7. TIPMTUCAK AIpsenn 4 rbosneun Bamax, jenHaKHX BMCHHA H OcHOBa, HMajy pasnHYnTe TexHHe, te ynanajy y mecax ao pasmuunre aySune ff]. Micro Tako, apa aevaka jeawaxnx Texusta ocTaBmajy Ha cHery Tparowe pasmHunte aye aKo ce jenaH on wi Kpehe romey wwnenama, a apyrn na ckjama ff]. Y opum w commun mpi MeplHIMa Kaxke ce aa je MpwrNeak Ha MoAZory pasaM4uT. Y mpaom caysajy neh MpwTHcax spurl TBOIREHK BamaK, jep oH meayje jayom cusom (TexkHHOM) on apseHor. Mehyrmm, y apy- TOM caywajy MpHTHcW cy HacTasIM yenen gejcTBA jenHAKHX CHa (TexuHe nevaka), ann je HHXOBO jejcTBo pacnopeheHo Ha pazan- wuilie foepuune, na cy 3aTO WM MpHTHCUM pasmH4MTH. Hanejienn mpnmepH jacto ykasyjy Ma To ga je npHTucaK. yro- siuxo Behn yKOHKO je Bella cya, a Mama nOBpUIMHA Ha Kojy ona nenyje, Ako ce ca p obeaexku mpuTHcak, a ca F cusia Koja Aeayje HOpMaaHo Ha MloBpuMHy S, oWa ce OBparau 3a uspayy- Mapaike MPHTHCKa Moxe HanMcaTH y OBNAKY: : ae)" wopmansa cua (kp) nospuinua (om?) Hopmaana cnaa ua jexuniny nonpuinne Tea HasMna ce npurucax Tputicak Moxe HactaTH M yenen aejcTRa apyriax cua, a ne caMo yeslen TexuHe. [IpH paay, Ha TIpHMep, ca UIWTOM, Hoxem, MIMIOM, KNeUITHMA, AeTOM, aINOBOM, Mpecom uTA., memyje ce MSBECHOM CHIOM Ha Heky MOBpINNHY, Na ce My oBoM cay¥ajy Mowe W3pa4yHaTH MpHTHCAK KojM enyje Ha wy. Kan ce Tosopa © MpuTHCKY, ysex ce Y3suma Cuaa Koja geayje HopMaaHo Ha jegu- muy aoepuluneff] . Axo china nuje Hopmania na noopanny Ef] onula ce Y3HMa ena HopMaana Komionenitia, Tipwrneax cune F je Op0 je Hopranna. F konnonenta owe pe: Fi, na fe men FE npurucax p= =, a we s Tlospumua wa xojy spectra Tena aeayjy cHsiom YecTo ce 30Be upurucnyTa nospumia, 3a pasnuxy on nospmmHe ocsonma. One aiBe NoBpILUNe 3a jenn Teno Mory BuTH jeaHaKe, anu M He Mopaiy. Tipudiucnyiaa tiospuuna je tospuuna Kojom ce iter u togaoia neiocpegno gogupyjy. © Jeammue sa mpwrwcax. — Kao jenunuta 3a mpurncax ysuma ce mpmrucax jenmaWHe cHLTe Koja esyje HOpMasHO Ha jenuHUsHy nosputuny. Y Mehyxaponnom cuctemy jeamunua jeamHnaua ca je 1N a nospmunua | m*, na je MehyHapogna jenunuua 3a mpu- Tucak wYTH 10 KBampaTHoM MeTpy (N/m), Koja ce cwe veuthe Hasvisa nmackas (Pa). 3Y mpaxcu ce kao jeaumuua mpitrvcka wajsemthe KopuctH idexnuuka aiimocdiepa (at), Koja WsHOCK: Take: Jeana Texnuska atwociepa je uprncax cure oa Lkp Kana ona stenyje Nopmauo na nonpumay o7 1 cm?. Tipenomerse mpurucka xpos wmpera rea. — Axo ce warna NocTaBH Ha MeKaHo T#e, Hactahe wasecuo yayOmeise, aM camo Excep ce mpuapKasa mperuma 0x ce ykywasa y aacky, On ~ mpommpe y aacky yeael MpHTHcka, an ce Taj MpHTucAK He Mpe- Hocn So4Ho Ha Mpcte, Beh camo y pasty excepa ‘Fipwrncak Kpos smpera Tea mpewocn ce camo y mpasuy Aejersa, Flovexan je norpe64o mpm nenosaity jente were cMte npous- pect seh HK Mar mMpAtHcax. To ce Moxe nocTah coa- wumaibem Mam NoBehaBakem MpaTHCHYTe nospinHne. Kon cBHx amaTkM ToMohy KojMx ce M3BAayeHEM, ceyeiem, OYIIIEHEM HLTH capMjarsem yobsmasa MeTas WIH TUACTHMHA Maca NPHMEWeNK cy senukn npuracu, To ce mocTwxe mloMohy Mallia Koje ce sony mpece ff]. Osaxse mpece mponssonH Kon Hac dabpmxa Tem xux mamma ,,A30 Jlona Pubap~ y %Keneswuxy, Kon Beorpana Bucoke arpane MMajy wHpoxe tememe (J, Teme mamune UIpoKa MocTosa , A TpakTOpH UIKPOKE TOYKOBE WIK ryce- ute. Cre je To 260r cMatserba mpiTHcKa Ha THe Tpunep. Texwva newaxa je F=45 kp, a nospumwa Nowosa weronux uunena, Kojuma ce ocxatea wa rae, wonoch S=90em?, Koznkw apwricax craapa wa tae? F_43kp 9, kp Pewewe: - . PS 90cm? cm? Bagayu 26—28 4. On vera sannen npwTHcax M KAKO ce OH wpa- MpoKe apsene nparose? 1. synawa? 7. Mowe mm jeao cro Teno caojon rexnHoN 'g 2. Kojun jennnuuana ce vapaxasa npwrncax? nponseecth paanavure npuruene? Hasecra pi 3. Konukn je npwrncak on jeaMe Texmwuxe armo- Hepe. chops! 8. Ko he ocerwrn jay Gon — aa nm ona) Kora je 4. Bawro ce smue ynona y MeKano The Kana ce MaraMo WoBeK ynNenoM uM OMG} Kora je Kara wae Wa nerama Nero KARO ce KOPaYa \eRMM CTo- aHNG eka yiNOM noTneTHUON? | nanana? 9. Jairo ce owTpH anat KojM enymu sa cevewse? 5. Wra je npurnenyra nospuimna? 10, Mowe nn ce cunon on 4 kp npowssecr# npx- | 6 Bawre ce menerHHYKe WMHe nocrasmaly Na TwcaK on 8 kp/em?? n5 3. Teunociiu u 2acoeu 1, OCOBMHE TEYHOCTH HW TACOBA JeaBa pHMeTHH noReTapa MOE sla 3aTATACA OrPOMHE KOTHMHHE Bose y jesepy 4 Mopy. AKO ce 3aTPece ailia Ca BOsOM HM HEKOM ApyrOM TedHoUhy. weHa ropa nospuiuna he ce yeranacata, a 3aTHM Gp3o YMUPHTM H 3ay3eTH XOpUSOHTAsHH TIO noxaj J}. Ova ce niojana tymayn seavKoM moxpeTssBoUhy MoneKy;a TeMHocTH. Zum of usrapeTe WNpH ce Mm ueNOj MpocTopHjA y Kojoj ce nyum. Ono HacTaje 360r Tora WTO cy MOJeKYAH raca NOKpeTIMBKjM ON MOJEKYNa TeYHOCTH, jep HM je xoxesuja Hesnarna Yestea Bpno caabUxX KOXESHOHNX cHsIA racoBM, Merty- wapajy caB mpoctop KojmM pacnonaxy. Ta nojapa gone Ce MIMperbe HAH eKcnaNsuja racon Taco uMajy TexHHy, jep mocrojH ysajamHo zejcTBo ee (npupnayewe) w3Mehy Monexyaa pasayxa m 3emibe. / Ono ce Moxe jako MposepuTH Kan ce Ha Tepastje — / cxonyncan sanayx crasM CrakseHH SanoH ca cstaBMHOM M3 Kora je BASYX wasyden nomMohy wmpka (ca. Fja). Ocrsaperia pastio- Texa Tepasja C OBAKBMM GaroHOM MopemeTH ce Kalla ce caapmna oTsopK Hy Ganon yhe pasayx (ci. b) TlouopHHM oqapareM TeroBa Ha eB Tac MoxKe Ce ompeauTH Maca sasayxa y Ganony (cn. c). TayHum Mepenem je yrapheuo aa je aurap pasayxa TexKaK 1,29 p Ha MopcKoM HHBoy, a Ha HalMOpCKO} BHCHHH on 2700 m TexuHa | aHTpa Basqyxa je 1 p. Kako cy Bona m Basayx Hajpacnpocrpamenuje cyn- cranunje, moroaHo je la ce ocobaHe TeaHocTH # Tacosa mpoysasajy Ha tuna, @ Tipenoueme upwrucka xpos Tewocru u racose. — Ha wymby MeTaaHy WM crakaewy aonTy npxespushena —/ a je jeava wmpa Metanva ues ca xmunom ff. Jlonra —/ —\ rexnua (nace) uma y3aHe OTBope ca pasHux crpana. Kana ce sonra —/ eee, W web Manyue BoRoM, na ce aetyje wamecuom cnaom ZILA \ F va kaw, Bona ucTH4e y jeaHakHM MyaxeBMMa Kpo3 fa coe oTsope. Kann npxrnckyje NospusmMHy Bone y WeBK, a MOMIeKyM Bowe, KOjH sexe 3A KsMIA, mpeHoce nprvcak Ha cycenHe Mozexyne. Ha Taj HayMH IpHTH- cak Kawna ce mpenocn Ha che wosexyae Bose. OBaj orsiea mpan je wapeo ‘bpamuycKn cbuansap Mackaa, na je m0 wemy waseaH Macka.ton or:tex. Ucto Tako, Kama ce ryMeHa sonta ca BMUIe oTBOpa NpHTMCHe, BaxAyX W343 KPO3 CBE OTBOpE. Tpurncak y Tewoctuma M racosuma wspa4yapa ce Kao M KOM YBPCTHX Tena, noMohy o6pacua: - 8 3 @wanes 20 ‘VII paspes achonne sKo%ea Fath Fr 100Kp Mackan je. npoysapajyhu aane npenowerse npurn- cka p03 TesHocTH M TacoBe, H3BC0 often NOMohy cyaa ca aBa Known, of KOjNX jeaan wa 100 nyra behy nospummy nonpesior npecexa J. Kaaa ce na Main KANN fenyje WIBECHOM CHTOM HanosIe, Behn kann ce nowepa Harope. la 6M ce vehu Kaun 3aap- a0, Mopa ce Ha wera aenoBaTH 100 nyta Behom cnnom. jep je Tomko nyta seha werosa nospuinna, Ha ocHosy oBor ornena, Flackan je aourac a0 3a- Kmy4Ka, KOjM je MosHaT Kao MMacka1o# saxon’ Jipyrum pesuma. nputucax Koja wacraje yenea sej- crea cnosauime cme jennaK je Ha cBaKom aeny YHyTpautise ToBpuHHe cya, na H KMHNOBA, Ha ocHOBY NowaTaKa Ha CAMUM §, TaKO ce sakmy4yje ma je npH- THCAK KOjM JeAyie Ha MatH Kaun peat wR 9a S, Sem em nox je mpwTicak na eehw kone py Fie 100 KP _ 9 ko S$, S00em: “em Buau ce aa cy mpurucum p, 4 p; jeanaKn, wtto je Y carsacnoct ca Beh W3s102KeHKM. Ha ochosy nosaraxa 3a cune F,- Fy # nonpesne mpecexe kaumova S, 1 S, Ha Koje ope cune seayly. moxe ce HanucaTH caenehe: F 5 © Xwapayawsne npece — Paa osmx mpeca 3ac tonan je na Mackanopom sakony. One cy no KOH CTpykuijH came ypehajuma noMohy Kojmx je Nackan nocTasMo cBoj 3akon. Cactoje ce #3 aba cnojena WomiapHana Meranna cyaa, A x B, pasmMuntux nmorpeunux mpececa S, u S,, y KojMMa ce Kpehy KqM- nosw. Y cynosuma ce Hana3H Bova unH ye. Kana ce Maibn KAHN foxpehe Hagose, TesHOCT Mpena3H W> awer cyaa B y pehu cya A. Touro cy TesnocTn HecTHuMbHEe, BehH KN Ce ~HBMWKe. Tomohy xwapaysnsue npece Moxe ce ManOM CHO noauhn muoro Behn reper, wITO 3aBHCK on oANOCA TOBPUIKHK HONPEYHUX NpeceKa wEHUX KAMNOBA Xxapaysmane mpece cneunjaane KOHCTpyKUHje cayrKe 3a lcherwe yoa 43 CYMUOKpeTa, 3a NAKOBAIKe cTOHE xpane, 22 OBnMKoBawe npeameTa os suMa_(nocyha). wacuja 3a ayromodmie M Mauane, ura. ff Kaa je XMApAyAHYHa npeca HaMeHeHA qWDaHy TepeTa, 30Be ~ 2 ann p=. : i dhce Xwapayawana sw3aamua, a Kasia je HaMeWena KoveHy Kom Bo3Mua, 30Be ce XHAPayaNHA KoMMNUA J Kasia ce Horom aenyje wa nanywuny P xnapayawene Kowa, ' ova ce na npaxuuny monyre menyje wa Kann y wiapy A, y ROME ce nopehiasa MpHTHcaK yma. O80 noschawe mpwrucKa npexocn €e 10 MamHx unawKiapa B (y CBaKOM TORY ayTo- ‘obuna) ca no ABA KIM, KO}M TaKO OMEpajy KPYAE cerMeNTE + C ka aoS0wy rowxa. Ha osaj Ha¥wH ce nosehawa cuna Tpema wamehy Wx. Hbeva pesHYHHa ¥aBMCH OM CHAE KOJOM ce NpHTHC- pie wa manysnuy P. Tpe6a uMarH y BMay a cy OBE M CAMYHE MpHMeHe XHApaynusHe npece Moryhe ‘ 3axBaryjYNK BPA MAIO) CTHUNbHBOCTH TesHOCTH HM BEsIHKO} MOKPET!MBOCTH WH XOBHX MoveKy21a. | Tpwaep. Koswsom cuxow rpeba ex08aTw wa sain Yee Xwapay-mme seAaAWe AKO je NORPuIA weronor nonpesnor npececa S,--120cm', 2a Gx ce nowurao ayromodua reanne Q 800kp? Ayro- Robua ce waaasw na sehem Kamny auju je nonpesn apecer S, ~ 4800 cm’. Nozaun Pemewe S,= 120m? 4 S,=4 800 cm? F,= 800 kp Fa? ‘ 3agaun 29 u 30 4 1. Unme ce Tymawn uniweNMUa aa ce npHTAcaK Il, poo TewHocr Mpewoon Ha Re cYpane? 9 2 3awro ce raconn we MOry APMATH Y oTRopeHuM cyaoanna? 3. Ha xpwary ce wanae apa sonywava. Kpwor ce J} wanynn 8oaon m sarsopm, TaKO Ady KpYOry He crane wnnano amayxa. Kana ce yAopH jeaon danyuiaw, onaa aanern apyrn. Mehyrim, To ce we ewasa Kana je Y Kpwary saxayx. OBjacnnre oxy ‘ojaay = BNE NACKAN [EB (16231662), dparuycxn vaya Joly arenscTey Texan fe poas enyuins ' parosope. © havencrnum # gromn. Haposnry RopoenToct wchonno Jey wateremun. ony Poverty. fe OSORWo om. CNOA 5 neqainmete ants Paiose, [ie oper Tlepencel mae jmopr Sy noon iipapme ‘Octo teuaern at Tame, Noe Cprties £y. solipapeinnis opach, Wale PaaN Ca npwrmenor 20 108 O80 kp fo Mans fe pao wineco, 360 saajo_ coop priagen, Vopajs co y aajaahs Geonsepe XVI rete "y rochanee Bpene te Joona 20 MPeTHCaK Y => Mehywapanon encrey jearea y HeeTO3y NOCt ” a| | 2. XMAPOCTATHYKH TPHTHCAK Axo ce Ha jeaat oTsop craxaene wean pasanne rymena onua [J u y wep yanje rewwoct. onaa he ce ona nenynynrn (ca. a). Hero he ce aecutn ako je orsop € Goune aK c rope crpane (cn. b uc). ~ Onua ce yru6a noa aejensom mpwrucka Kojn Hactaje yenen TexWHe TeqKoCTH y WeBH 1 Koj Ce Ha3HBa XWApOCTATHAKU NpHTHCAK. Xuapocrarwukn npwrmcax xeyje Ha cae crpane, ann ce y usHUM HajNeuthe FOBOPH © XHAPOCTATHYKOM MIpHTHeKy KOjH Aemyje BEpTMKANHO Mpema any cysla M HABHUe, KAO MO XWIPOCTATHSKOM MpATHCKY KOjM fenyje XopIAOHTanHO, Tj. Ha Goxone cyna. Ako ce y CRe TPH WeBH H3 Mperxonuor ornena ysMje O6ojeHa Bona MO uCTE sucunef] . payynajyhn oa cpeamue onnn, na ce oe penoM yHecy y uIMpH cya ca BOOM, HiGHO OBOjeHE BOE y HeBKMe mao he ce MogNhM y o”HOCy Ha NpROGMTHH nuso. Ono je nocneamua pejctaa xHApocTaTH¥Kor npuTucka Boxe y WMPeM cyay Ha chomnYy cTpaky onve. Kfipaxrepuctituno je aa he Huson oGojene sone y cee Tpm teem GuTH Ha neTO} BHCHHH Kasla Ce CpeaMHe OMHK Hanase Ha wctlioy _gybuHU. Vs opora ce moxe wanectH caeneh sakzby4ax: Xwapocrarwakn mpuTucaK y TeatocTaMa jeamak je y cauM npasuHMa ua ucToj Ayman. XWApocTaTH4KH TIpHTHCAK y TeMHOCTH HaHWKe jeMHaK je XIMIPOCTATHYKOM MpHTHCKY HABMINE Ha HCTO} ayGuHM. To ce Moxe NpOBEPHTH jeNHOM CTAKNeHOM UBM NaKOM MeramtoM mio¥HOM. Tlnownua ce npwmyou y3 oTBop ueBH HM TaKo ce 3ajeqHO garibype y winpw cy ca Bonom(ff] . Kan ce pyka yknonw ca nnowiue, ona ocTaje npwty6seHa y3 ues fom AejcTBOM xMApocTaTHYKor MpwTHcKa (cit. a). Axo ce soma naxksuBo ysuba y cya (cn. 5), nama he ce oamenwTH Tek Kama WMBO Bose Y UCBK LOCTHTHE HMBO y WHpeM cyay (cA. c), WTO AoKasyje aa je Tana XWAPOCTATHYKK MpHTHeAK Ha MHHOYMUY HAHWKE jeaHAK XWAPOCTATHMKOM NpHTHCKY apne, p© Hopanynaname xuapocrarwukor npxrnexa, — Y ana cya y oGqMKy xBanpa, Ynje NOBpUIMHe AKA HaHOCe no 1 cm?, yaujy ce Boma m xHBa JO HcTe BucKHe ff. Axo je, Ha mpumep, BucuHa TewHux ctybosa 5 cm, ona SanpemmHe obe TexHocTH WaHOCe mo 5 cm}. Te- xema poe y.cyay je 5p, a wen xmapocraruHKn Npwrvcak Ha AHO cyaa usHocH 5 p/cm?. Jlsanyt Behoj BHCHHM BomeHor cTyGa ofroBapao Gu. jisanyT eh XMEIPOCTATHHKH MpuTHcak H oH GH H3HOCHO 10 p/cm? Maxx XwnpocrarwKn mpwrucax y ple’, Koju saga y wero} noAM Ha wspecHoj AyGHHN, 6 je jeuax pu- cum BoxeHor cryGa usHaX youene HoBpuMNe Hspaxene y MeNTuMerpuMa, Kuan cry Mere BMcHHe KAO M BomeHH BpUIMo Su 13,6 myra seh mMpHrHcaK, jep je cneunpusna Texuna ouee 13,6 nyra neha on cneumbuawe Texnne soae. Hpema Tome, XMAPOCTATHMKM MpHTHCAK Ha JHO NlOMeHYTOr cya WaHOcKO 6H sem - 13,6 -P. 68-2 cm sen? V3 osx npumepa npow3na3n: Xwapoctarwkn npurneak jemmax je npowsnoay uncuwe rewor cryGa w cneumbusne rexuie TemocTH. Axo ce xmapocraruskn npurHcax oGenex™ ca p, acuta tesHor ctyba ca h, a cheununa Texwia TewHOCTH ca y, OHA ce XHApOCTATHYKH MpHTHCAK MOxe HSpasHTHC pesialnjoM: xuapocraniin npurnca (© } - p=yh ucnia cryBa TeWNoerH (emg \ern’ ee cneundwina texnna rewocr# (5) Ha ocHosy mperxonwor TyMavera, ofaj, O6pazam BaxN Ges OG3Kpa Ha TO a MM je ped O xHapocrarH- fi} NKOM MpwTHCKY Ha WHO cyaa, HaBMINe MM Ha GOK cyaa. Tpe6a mmaTH y sHay a ce Buca h yBeK payyHa on iopwe wospuune wewnociau go youenoe \ meciua. Ha xuapoctatwusn mpsrucax wa Sox cya pacre ca Mopactom cry6a TeuHocTH, More ce noKasatH Nomohy cyaa ca BRUNE jenHaKHx BowwMHX oTBOpa, Kojr \ ce waaase jeaay mcnoa apyror ff]. Kaaa ce cya na- TYnH BOOM H HBBYKY CBM YefioBH, Tamasuhe ce na je Kpo3 HajiWKK OTBOP HajjaM Maas Bone. OBo noTSp- hyje aa je na Tom orBopy # najschu xnapoctaTuuKn MpuTucak.| © Hspasynanane cue Kojom Tesmoct aeayje wa Ho j ic cya. — fa 6x ce verano on vera 3amNcn cHsIa 4 Kojom TewHocT aenyje na aHo cyaa, Mory ce ynorpe- h GuTH MapownTe Tepasnje M NEKONMKO CTaKneHUX UeBH i} h pasmmunror o6nHKa, ann 6e3 anaff] . Kana ce one WeBH cTaBsajy jenwa 3a npyrom y nexwuTe ctor Y npewnka d, muxoBo aHo 3aTsapa ninowua D, Koja 4 a= BHCH Ha jemHom Tacy Tepasnja. Ako ce Bojla yswba y eB, mO4Ma’ octaje mpHsy- Soewa y3 OTBOp MeBK Che MOK CHA KOjOM TeHOCT wa By menyje He MocTane Beha On TexMHe TeroBa Ha stes0m Tacy. Ornea noxasyje aa he acta sucuna h cty6a reaHocTH onpxkabarh paBHotexy Tera, 6e3 ob3H- pa Ha To o Kome je cyay pes — A, Baan C, 3xayn: >See @ to . le 3a wspayynaeawe cane F, Kojom teqnoct aeayje va AO cyaa, TpeGa 3HaTA cheuMusHy TeKMHy TeY- HOCTH y, BHCMHY h cTyGa TeYHOCTH H MoBpuIMey nHa S, na je opa cana F=pS, a kako je p= yh, ouna je: ewcuna cry6a Tesnocry (em) outa (p) nospumua ava (em?) enewndwena rexnna ( 2) em? Axo ce y uesH Koja criaja cymoBe Hamas naka nO- xpetwa mperpaga (c7.ffJ a) M aKo je y neBom cyay BHM HBO TeMHocTH, FIA GO¥NK XMApocTATHHKH npwrucax Ma nperpaay Hehe Gxerm jeanax, na he Te- ‘HOCT NOTHCKMBATH Mperpany Wcnpen ceGe, Ka mecHOM cyay, cBe OK ce HMBOM TeHHocTH y o6a cyma He wjennase (ca. 5) Oso HHBeAMCaIbe TedHOCTH HacTaje Gpxke ako HeMa nperpane. Orsopern cysioDH, Ma KakBor oBsIMKa, KOjH cy MehycoGHo mose3ann noMohy wea, TaKo aa Te sHocT Mowe ja mpenasM w3 jeawor cyaa y apyrn, uasMBajy ce enojenK cyzoBn, Y cnojenum cyjosuma nunow wcTe TewocTH HajIase ce y Wcroj Xopw3onraoj panan. © Aprecin Symape J] - — To cy npxpoann cnojenn cysoo. Mawehy ma Menponyer aves woanjena caoja sewne nanan ce noasewia vona, Kal ce wanpasn GyiloTHka xpO> fOpHM C70}, Bona ce KpOD Hey ewe mw HIANH Ka NOBPLLNNY, Ha nputiunny enojenix cya0ea 3acHORaKn Cy ROnOCKOINM EE soneren sarriaayn na xananinaunin ff] . sonocrajva eR FOa napwux xoraosaf] . soxosoa fd} xr© Aepocraruuku nputucak. — Tputcak Koj ce jasma y racosmma yenea Texnue WHXOBIIX MONeKys1a 308e Ce MepocTATHYKH mpHTHcak. Ce uITO je pexeHO 3a xMapo- CTATHYKH MPHTHCAK BAKH H 3a aepocTaTHTEKH Kaa ce Tacos Hanaxe y 3aTBOPeHIM cyAOBHMa, HHXOB aepocTaTHIKH MPHTHCAK je HeaHaTan, jep je cheunduHa TexHHa Tacosa Mana, A M HHXOB “BEpTHKANHM CTYO je Maan, MebyTHM, aepoctaTa4kH nputicak 3emmnHor BasayWor oMoTava je Beau. Jep je svicia saxayumor oMoTaa oKo 3emise wenuKa. O mpurncky sasayxa Guhe jour pest. Mpuncpu 1, Koamia cna aeayje wa mposop noamopumue, nospumne S-100cm‘, waza ce owa wacasm wa ayBann k= 50m? Cneuupusna texwna mopexe wore je 1,03 p/m’. Noaaun Pemewe $= 100m? : f= 50.m-=5 000m Fe yhS=1,03 2 .$ 000¢m:- 100." 1032 515 000 p= 515 kp Fo? 2, Koamen je xwapocrariakn ipwincas Wa ANY CyAa, MaNyeNOF MOLIOM, AKO je BHEMA BoLLENOr eryba y memy 1S cm? Noagaun Pemewe hetSem P p or parka Pi tsemats 2 a cm? po? Bagauu 31—33 numgocr moneryna TesHocra? 2. Craxnena yes ce ca fowe crpaMe scTSOpH ryMeHOH onHOM, na ce y ity ynuje iasecna Konuwnna Boze. Konaxo rpeBa osy ues aarikypiTH y UINpH cya ca BogoH, na AG ryHeHa onka Byae pasha? Hauptarn ro » oBjacwirn, 3. 3auro je norpeBko aa noamopuaue Maly acfrue u jove aynoe wero Bpoaoen? 4, 3ausro ce #2 pesoneepa, Ha sennKo} ayBRKH Mopo, He Nome Burm pwba? 5. Mlackan je waseo cao} noaarm ornea ca Byperon, TaKo urTo je nanyHHo jeano Sype eogon. Zcrwn je ca ropwe crpane Sypera yrpaawo ues, ayry 10 neTapa, y Kojy ce morno ycyrH oKo 1 mwTap ‘one A] - Koza je ue nanyxno soaon, Bype ce pacnano. 3awro? 1. fla nn na seninny xwapocraT#nor npATMeKa yrHMe noKper- JL, 6. Aaa cyza wnaly ava jeananinx nospuwna, ann je y jeaHon Wao TewnocTw Ha seo} sncHnn 3a Konuko he ce paannkosars ccune npxrucxa Teumocta wa Oba awa cynoea aKo je pey o wcrun ‘reanocrana? P7] } h Dt Do7. Sawro wneo une w none y 060 xpaxa cyao «0 ermun EE amcy na wero) aennn? (CryBoxe wae" sone TpeBa paxynorn fom noWwer HuBoa sone y netom xpaxy a AO HuxXoRNX cnoBonNNx nospuinwa) 2) Konnko je nyre enwn sogenn cry6 om muenwor cryBa? 5) Da nu ce obaj ornea nome masecTH Ca TeNHOCTHMA Koje Ce Mewajy? 8. Craxneny ues sarpejara waNon nnavena winupwryewe manne» aaarw ry obnm« xojn je nprecaion wa crmun BE]. Hacyrw y wy none we rnegaiyfn y nposuy Hwsoo eoae oBe Wee, KEKOPMETHTH je 30 ynopehunarse wanmopeKe eicnne crajve TOKE M NeKOF yaareeNor objenra, ee Iinrisaiee nopennx " oxeaHonn ay6nNa, Beona OTMOpHa? 10. Bpoacke npesoannue ce Taxohe mpahyly wa npununny cnojenn cynone, Toxo’ Je sarpaheno. » -npesoawnua Ka xwapouenrpann sbepnone fT]. OBjacnir wowwn mponaxcersa Bponose Kpos npe- noannuy ASG cepa (yanoawo W NIDRORKO). Nt 3. HOTHCAK TIph 3axsararny soge Kodpom utenyje ce Matbom cH- JOM OK Ce OHA H3BIAIH KPO BoAY Hero KaM je y nasayxy. Kana ce y soay saribypa ryMewa sonra W MycTH, McnaMBahe Ha HeHY noBpuMHy. AKO ce o auHaMoMeTap Okan KoMaa MeTana, a 3aTHM 3apoHHt Y Bony, aMHaMomeTap he noxazaTH aa je cana Te- una MeTala Mata FE}Ose nojase cy mocneanua xejerba cue Kojo TevHoct semyje Ha Tena Koja cy y wy saporena. Ta cisla ce Ha3iBa cHaa MOTWeKa, a caMa MOjaBa — mOTHCAK. Ta Gn ce oGjacunna ona nojasa m onpesmna cua MoTHcKa, Kopucruhe ce upTex na caunn Pf]. Ha ceaxn Hacnpamun neo Soumux crpata Keanpa, 3aporeHor BepTH- Kamo y sony, aenyjy jeavaxn XMApoctaTHNKH MpHTHCUM, jep cy OHM Ha MCTO| aySunn, Oo ycnonmasa Waa cy jeaHaKe W cae KojMMa TedocT neayje Ha cynpoTHe Goune crpaxe KBaapa. One cy HcTOr npaptta am cynpoTHor cMepa, ta cy MehycoBHo y pasorexu. MebyTHM, Ha Joy ocHoy KBanpa TeuHoct memyje Behom cnaiom F, wero wito je cnaa F, Koja aenyje va Topsy nompulMHy Keaapa jep je Na Ha Mato) ayOunn. Tlomro cy ove cutie Beprukasie, wuXoBa pesynTanta Suhe TaKohe BepTH- kana, a wMahe cmep pehe cwe, Tj. Hapmme. Opa pesyaraura mpencrasmahe cmty norucka Fy. aks: Cnaa norucka jeuaka je pasamin neprukannx cnaa, om Kojux neha cna neayje € noWwe, @ Malba c ropibe CTpaNe Tesa 3aporenor y Tewmocr. Haune: Mponepa Apxmmegosor saxona APXMMEJOB 3AKOH Ja 6M ce onpeniia seaMsiia cue MOTHCKA Ha WeKO Teno, HajnoroaMHie je KopHcrHiH xwapocrarwaxe Tepasuje FZ]. One repasnje umajy jena xpahw tac ca KYKHUOM, © Koj ce OKaYH WyrlbH Bamak A,a3a Hera MacnBaH MeTanHH BamaK B. Janpemuna MacuBHor sanka B jeavaka je sanpeMnHn ulynmuie warKa A. Terom Texuste Q aoBeay ce Tepasuje y paBwotexy (cx. a). Ako ce 3aTHM ucnOn sanKa B NoctaBH CYA ca BOOM, TAKO aa ce OH MoTHYHO MoTOMM (ca. b), ma rela he geso- eatilu cusa uouiucka, wa he upeiieinytau wiac ca weiosuma. Kan ce wynin saraK McnyRH BonOM (ca. 6). pasHorexa he ce Mowoso yenoctapuru. Ha ockoBy osora 4toO ownrneaxo je 2a cMaa NOTHCKA Koja Aenyje HA sapoweHH wBa- aK WIHOCH KOAMKO 1 TEXHHA BODE Koja MMA HCTY JanpeMuAy kao W anax. Oy sniennuy mpen je yosNo Apxwmeg. na je 100p TO WeMy Ha3BaHAa Apruwegos saxon. OW raacet: @ ha Cuma notwcka wa jeavo wcTO Teno. 3apoweno y pasmcunte TMHOCTH, HMA PadMMYiCTE BPEAHOCTH YCNEM HMXOBUX PAIMNACTHX ry » cneunbusunx Texnia, Beha cuna noTHcka Aenyje Wa jealHo wcTo Teno Kaa je OHO JaporeHo y TeuHoCT ache cneuMbHYHE TeEXHHE 3a mponepanaise APXUMenOBO 38KOHA, YMECTO XMAPOCTATHSKHK BD sepasuja, moxe ce yrorpe6urx 0 annamomerap ff]. Axo ce y ssp 080M cyvajy ynorpeBe cys ca MpeANBHOM UeBH M MeHSypA, Ona =) uncy norpeSun onvcann nanun Au B, weh caMo jealio Teno | ma kaxsor oGsmKa, Texnia nocmaipawor Tema y Baayxy W>HOCH +100 p (ca. a). a y moan 60p (ca. 6). Janpemuna neTHCKYTe BomE y MeHaypy wuocn 40cm! (a wena rexnia je 40p). Maxne. Nlomohy sMnamomerpa je yraphewo 1a je cua norwexa 100 p- 60p= 40 p. 1). jeamaxa Tekin McTHCHyTe BZ. MME je APRI- Mes1OB 4akoHl M Mponepedt Cee uiTo je peveHo 3a NOTHCaK y TeYHOCTHMa BaKH M 3a MOTH cak y racommma. Ha ceaxo Teno Koje ce HanusH ¥ racy. aeayje. npema ApxwMen080M 3aKolly, CHa MOTHCKa jenwaka TEKHHH MC- Tuchytor raca. flejcTBo cHne NOTHCKa Y FACOBHMA WaposuTo je wapaxeno Kon Basayumnx Garona wan aepocrara Fi]. Barayuin Sa20H Ma senMKy JanpeMuny H OBH¥HO je Wanpas- seen oO TyMMpavor nmatHa. Kan ce GanOK MCMYHK Tracom sax- UHM O71 Ba3IyXa (BOMOMKKOM HAM XEMMjyMOM), OM he ce KpeTaTH napnue, jep Ha wera sieayje Beha CAAA NOTHCKA NETO WITO je He- rosa TexHHa (3ajenHo ca mocaiioM Konpemom). Kako je y ropau caojesuMma atmociepe Bax pel, MORE Ce MECHTH Aa BanoH mpe- CTane aa ce mete yenen wajemHayeHe Chae NOTHCKA H CBOJe Te- xaue. Y Tom caysajy #x6auyje ce m3 Ganoa cysnulen reper {wecax) 4 om Taaa wactasma aa ce mewe. Kan Ganou rpe6a a2 ce cnycrH, oTeapa ce BeHTHA Ha WeMy, Tama W3 Ganona waned rac, a ysa5M Basayx, snja je CeuNpwswa TexHHa weha. Banon ako moctaje TexH M ycnea Tora ce cmyurra, flawac ce opaxsn | Ganonw epno peTko Kopucte. Mebytwa, MaisM GanowK ce Bp0 “ MecTo KopHCTe 3a HCMMTHBate aTMochepe. OUR Ce 30BY MeTeOpO- sou Gasoum nam cone ff] Ha testo, sanpemmue | dm, koje ce Haasan ¥ eaaAyAY menyje cHna NOTHCKA BAZAyXa Of 1,29/p, T). OHOAHKO KOMMKO WAHOCH TeKHHA 1dm? wasnyxa Ha Mecty Tae ce Teno HanasH M Mom yenosn~a oj Tamo snanajy (Temmeparypa, aTMoctepexM APATHCAK 4TA.).APXVIMED fff] ns00 je on 287—212 ronmne npe nawe epe y rpaay Cupaxysn, va Cnumnnja. G0 je jenah on Hajno3Ha Twjex maTemarwwapa mM MeKeNBepa cHora noBa. Herosa wnmervepcKa reaujankocr iphntewena je y parwe cepxe, Koncrpy: cao je KaTanynre 30 wBauwsarwe TeUkor omeno. Mo nerennw je nonohy ormenane y coumaa nonanwo Henpwjarenscke Bponoee. ‘Apxunen je, caaxaxo, vajnomarnjn nO Tone wro ‘je mpoHaiao HaYWH 30 oapehwaaise cneunpuwe TeKnHe Ha OC wosy TexNNe Tena mM NOTACKa. 30KOH 0 norncxy Apxanea je oTKpvo Kana je ono sandTaK on Kparsa Xwepoua fo onpenn na nu je xpyna, xojy je npasno jeaax anarap, cea om snata nM wea pwmeca. Mosaro je aa je Apxwnea Taj sagaTax ycnewIHO pewno. ' Apxwmen je sara oTKpHo 2aKoH onyre, nonohy Koje ce Home ye ynotpeby | mane cune noawhu senukn Teper. Tom |# punnkor je wajonwo: ng) wy ocronau, do: guhu hy Jennys. Teche Tporonmusse oncane Cupaxyze, Punrsamw cy Hajsaa ycnena aq je saysHy. Tor MpHnnKon jenGh pHrcKH BOjHMK je y6no Apxnnena maven, 0K je oF upTao fo necky, pewiaeciyhn HeKe cnomene MarenaTwuKe npoBneve, 4. TUIMBAIbE Apxingont Ha Teno koje je 3armypeHo y TeyHocT aenyjy aBe cHne: Temua rena Q y RepTHKanNoM mpasuy ca CMepom HaHWKe, cuaa wormcka F,, Taxolje y BeprHkanHom mpasuy, ca cMepom HaBMue. Tlon_aejcrsom opux cua Sarisypeto Teno he ce KpetaTH y cMepy uejcrea jaye cue. TIpu Tome Mory wactynMTK TpK caysaja: 1) axo je TexuHa Tena Beha on cane norucKa (Q>F,), Teno Tone, 2) ako je TexwHa jeauaxa cua notHcKa (Q=F,), Teno ce Moxe wasa3urH Y paBMoTexH Ha Gusto KOM MecTy y TeaHoctH. Taga Teno aeGam y TewnocTH. 3) axo je Texuwa Tena Mawa on cine noTHcKa (Q beans AbateOsa swisesmuna je y cknamy ca APxMMenoBIM JaKOHOM 1 npumewyje ce pl KOHCTpyRUKjH nnomtx oBjeKara, Kao WTO cy 4aMus, SponoBH M nOAMOpHHue. 3a pasaHKy OA aMaua ¥ Spoaona, Koj naveajy Ha nospulMNN Bose, ‘lonMopKHUE Mory pouuTH H Menon noupuseMe Boneh] a. TlomMopHHua pou ako ce wera TexHHa noscha nyuirarem pone y KapowuTe KoMope K (cn. .b), a wenammasa xan ce W3 KoMope 436au Boa. IIpi:ToMe, NOAMOpHHLA Moxe a Mera camo TeEXWKY, NOK CHa nOTHeKa Yecx ocTaje ucTa. Mebyrum, kana noaMOpHNla NOB NO NOBPUIMKH, ON4ta, OCHM cMaTeHa WeHe TEKHHE, CMaibyje Ce CHa NOTHCKA, AMM TAKO da je wena TexHHa jeaNaKa cul noTHCKA. nepucxon ‘Topneana Koopa maumncka xonopa ropneana KoHopa © Onpehuname cnennpuse Texune aapcrux m TenNx rena, — Topea panuje wsn0xeor waywwa, cneun- Gwunia Texnna ce Moxke ompeaMTH H MpHMeHoM ApXH- Meaonor 3aKoNa. Teno ce oka4H © Tac XWApocTaTH4KKX Tepaznja (en. Fla), wamepu ce weropa rexnna Q (rj. maca Koja je Opojo jeaHaxa Texwsn), na ce 3aTHM NoTOHH y ogy. Yenen aejcrea cue norucka mopemetuhe ce pasvorexka. Hlonasarsem Terosa Ha MECH Tac paBHo- texa he ce moHoBo ycnoctasutH (ca. 6). JlonaTH TerosH omrosapajy cwin noTucKa Fy (y moNauMa), aan ucrospemexo Gpojoj speauoctu 3ampemante tena V (y cm’), jep je oHo sapomeno y woay. Hemewem texwie Tea Q y Basayxy terosom sanpemunom V no6uja ce cneumbuyna Texuua Tena: Q i Yeecto Tepasuja, 3a onpehuBatbe TexuHe MOxe ce ‘takohe ycneuto ynoTpeOHTH aMHaMoMeTap. © Apeomerap. — Texto Koje namea sarteypuhe ce Bulle y TeWWOCT Maibe cneuMYHe Tee, @ Marbe y Tewoct wehe cneunpuyne TexHHe. .Ha ogo] siibenmun 2acHunajy ce MHCTpyMeHTH 3a Spr0 onpelueawe cneumusHe TExHHE TeYHOCTH, KOjH ce 30BY apeomelipu. 45Apeomerap [J] je sarsopena craknena ues, ca mpo- UINpeHeM y MOWEM sTeny, y KojeM ce Hanase omOBHa apHla waM xMBa — a OH UeB yenpaBHo naMBAma, Y aaeucuocrx of ayGune 10 Koje apeoMeTap yporaBa Y PasHe TevHOCTH, RanpaBmena je Ckana Ha ieroBOM yxem neny, Monemak wa ckaH, 10 Kojer apeomerap YPOHM y HeKy TeyHOCT, NpencTaBma cnenMibHYHY TeXHHY Te TewHocTH, Koja ce ObHYHO sapaxaBa y pjcm}. Apeo- MetpoM ce, y CTBapH, oupebyje rycTHHa TewHocTHE (y g/cm). xoja_je OpojHo jeanaxa cnenwdusnoj te- oxnun (y pyems)*. Bpeatocra rycruie xaMepete apeomerpom 6uthe jenaxe 3a jeauy Tewoct, Ma rae ce To oapehBan0 (Wa 3eMeH MAM Ha HekOj apyroj maHeTH). Ono ce TYMANKC THME UITO Ce TEXHNE TeMHOCTH apeoMerpa jenHako Metbajy, ma je oTyla ayOuHa poteelba y jenHoj TeuwocTH cByma jenwaka. Moctoje apeomerpu ca cxanama yrpabenm TaKo aa Mory MepiTH MacHohy MaeKa (nakTomerap), po- ueHaT asKoxosa y mhy (amKoxonoMerap) smut mle- hepa y pacrsopy (caxapomerap). Ono je exporo y2eaum camo ma WHBOy soPA x FeOrPAEKO) LMpHAH Tpnmepe ox 45" 1, Konmea je ream peswor poxa, sajeano ca Teperom axo je merosa sanpeana 1to2 Bon0M V—500m'? Vseru aa je cnewgwana Texsna pewe sone y~ 1010 kp/m’. Monaun Pemwewe Tpema ApxuMesonom saKoxy, rexnna Spona v= 500m" Jennana je Teme erncnyte Boze, wo} oe #aaaH we 2 “1010 ws oBpacua 3a crewnpusny texuny y=— , Onap. xe jet | o-? kp Q-y¥=1010 “500 m~ 505 00 kp~ 508 Mp 2, Jarsopeny mpaany swMeny KyTajy, sampemume V1 lit 4 aanewapuume TexwHe, Tpela noromtTH yeoay. Koankom wajsawom Beprika.tWom custom TpeGa xenosatH wa oy KyTHjy aa GH ce sea ‘oronnaa? Noaauu Pemewe Folk | bone Ona cua Tpeba aa je Kajaise jeanaxa rexnat 7 merucuyTe pore, awja je sanpemuua V. Mpema ApeTXOMHOM 3aslATKY je: > a Fay V1. .1000.em!~ 1000 p= 1 kp Ono ce MorxO W MenocpenKo saKBY4HTH Ha OC Nosy aedmnmutje 1 kp. Bagauu 34—36 jaUYO ce WKN AG je KaMeH ¥ BOAK HHOTO NOKWIM wero y sasayxy? 2. He wa ce oaHoCK H KoKo rnacH Apxnnenoe paKon? 3. Ao nw cana normcxa genyje w wa meranny Kyrnmuy Na any cya ca TewMowhy? 4. ¥ woRn ce nanae Hackene Kyrne on reoxha | t, * onowa, jeawaxnx rexnwa, Ha Kojy aenyje eeho ‘enna normexa 2auro? 5. Tewxn Spoa nnwsa, a nxn excep Tone. KaKo ce To oSjawiwana? 6. Karo ce meta ay6uia powewa Spon Kaa Hs exe ynnosn y nope?* 7. Da nm ce pasnuryiy cane notacka Wa Teno aKo je ono jeanon sapoweno y soay na ayBmnu on Sm, @ apyrw nyt wa ayBunu on 8 m? 8. OBjacnntn ynory puBmer mexype. 9%. OBjacuT# ynory ryneKor nojaca npw oBysa- sary Hennweasa. 10. Kaxo ce oBjowmose nenawe sorayumor Ba- ona Fasnwe? 11. Axo ce ase Teno jeawaxux rexnna o poonm- MuThX aoNpeHMNG ypaBkoTeXe, na 2aTHH NoKnone CTORNENHM sOHOM MB Kora ce wBNGYH waMayX, 12. ¥ enpysery (20 neKose) crasura nano necKa unm meranny Kyrnnuy. Ha napyery xapraie yup- yaTH munMMerapcKy Moneny, na fa CraBMTK enpysery, cao wo noxasyje cnwxa [FJ . Enpysery najape crasura y oBmuHy, a saTaH Y aocra cnany conga Re npevernyrs reno ache sanpenune PP] sony. ¥ ofa cnyvaja yrepawr ao Koje ayBnne je Baurro? ypowmna enpysera y Tewnocr. OBjacurm paanaxy. emma je oKpy:cta pasayWiHAM oMoTa¥em,; DKO.200 kin, Koju ce 30ne atmocdepa [fF]. Acpoctatuskn npstioax “Koja «ce opze jabea yonta TeKMHe Ba3ZyXa 3OBe ce aTMOCbepCKH NpHTHCAK. Panuje je peveno aa cy HeKe OcoduHe 3a TacoBe M TeMHOCTH aajenunke aa 3a TacoBe, Kao K 3a TeNKOCTH, BaxH MacKaoB w Apxwmegos 3aKox. Cana he ce BMeTH Kako Moxe ma ce noKaxe aejctBo aTMociepcKoT MpHTHCKa, KOMKO OH H3HOCH, kako Ce MepH, KAKO ce Meta Ma payHHM BYCHHAMA: HO” KaK- nor je mpakTHawor 3HaNaja cBe TO 3a 4oReKa. OGuNHO ce Maro pasMMuLHa © aTMOCKePCKOM NPUTHCKY, KAKO OH KMa OrpoMait 3Ha‘1aj y ¥OBeKOBOM >%HBOTY. TO¥eR of Baljewa some WMPKOM, KpeTaiba SanoHa M aBHOHa, Ta 10 BeTPOBA KOjK onoce kuune obsake WIM CkMMajy KpoBoBe ca Kyha. Alejerno armociepckor npxtHcka Moxe ce MoKa3aTH cnenehum, jemHoctapHam ornenuma. Ako ce Yala TyHa Boge MoKAOMH xap- THjOM, a 3aTHM MpHTHCHE PyKOM H OKpeHe OTBopoM Hanone [J] xaptija Hehe oTnacrm, wako ce BMule He Mpmapxaa pyKOM. Oso je 360r Tora wiTo Ha Bomy, Mpexo xapruje, “nenyje HaBMue aTMocipepcKK MpuTHcak, KOjM je BehM OM XWIPOCTATHNKOT MPH Twcka Bone y “aullt Kana ce mpctom 3aTsopm opin xpaj cTaxneHe ueBunue, BepTHKasHo NoToMMeHe y BOAY, a 3ATHM Tako JaTBOPEHA WaByYe v3 pone ff], Bona 13 uesinue Taxohe Hehe mcTHUAaTH. Oso ce objamtbsana cawyHO KAO y MpeTxoaHOM cayyajy, Haume, aTMoctepcKH MpxTHCAK Koj senyje Ha OEM OTBOPY UeBYMUE nehu je om 36upa mpxTMcaka 3aocTanor Ba3ayxa y HOj H XHApo- cTaTH4Kor MpHTHcka 3a0crane TeHocTH. [px waEna4eny ueBXHUe WG We KeTeKHIe MasI0 Boe, H TO TOAHKO KOAWKO je MOTPeDHO ad ce YenocTaBK paBHoTexa OBX MpxTHCaKa.o | Ha comma (J npukasana je wes ca xamnom, yju je 70%M kpaj 3arieypex y sony. Kaa ce KAWN noBnayH om moyeTKA NEB ka Bpxy, soma he ce y Weak NomWG3ATH Kao WTO MlOKa3yje CHAKA. Mameby kauia x Boxe HeMa Ba3ayxa, a WM Weronor MpMTHCKA, fla cliobauen aTMociepcKM MpHTHCAK MOTHCKyje Bony y ues. Vctu je caysaj m Koa UIMpkoea 3a ycvcupaise mon3emHe Bolte. Opa niojana je cae no XVIT neka oBjauieasana THMe UITO ce npupona faux" npasHor mpocropa, Te ra yeeK Hcnysmana. Mebyrum, y @upenum cy (1643) sana3vaM a WIMpKoM He Mory wonyhw Boay ca ay6une mpexo 10 merapa. OBjaumena HNcy HATA, CBe NOK WTanujacKN uaNVap Topuveau HMje AOMIAD RO ita aakuby4Ka sla je ose pex o AenoBAwy aTMoctepcKor MpuTucKa, * * Koj He Moxe 2a nlosurae woay wa Behy sncmy. Za Su oBaj BakubyWaK MOTBPAMO M OMpeAHo BeAMYNHY aTMocdepcKOr MpHTH- Vv cka, Topuuens je 138¢0 cBoj no3HaTH Oren ca KHBOM. ann | | ) Topuuenujes orneq On je crakneny ues, suju je jeaan xpaj saTeopen, ayxkuHe OKO 1m, HanysHo 2KH- SOM, 3ATBOPHO MIPCTOM K 3arbypHo OBaj OTHOP y UIMpH cya ca xMBOM Ef] . Kaz je CKAOHHO MIpCT Ca OTBOPA, W3 WEB je HCTeKIO MasIO “KHBE, TaKO sta je CTY saocTaste xume y ueBH GMO BHCOK 76cm (y CrBapy, OH je OBOAMKK Kana ce OrneR HIRO Ha Nipoy Mopa). AKO ce ties Harnibe, oHa he ce MoHOBO AO BPxa KENYHNTH >xHBOM, . urTo mokasyje aa je wSHaM xMBE y HesK GHO GesBaxAyUIMH MpOcTOP — BAKYYM. Cea xuBa ce He HANIKje 13 UeBH, jep je XHMApocTATHYKH NpHTHeaK HeHOr cTy6a ypanHoTexen Ca ATMOCEPCKHM MIPHTHCKOM KojH eslyje Ha cHosMy moBpUIMHy >KItBe, Koja, Kao M OCTaNe TesHOCTH, MpeHOCH MpuTMcaK Ha coe cTpaNe nosjenuaKo (na K Mapuule, Tj. Ha oTBop weBH). [pea Tome, ako ce Ha oBaj HaaMH oApeaH (u3pa4yta) BeHYHHA XHAPOCTATHYKOT MIpHTHCKa -KHBKHOF cTyGa y TopHyenujesoj weBH, HeTO- ppemeno he ce THMe ompenMrh ¥ Ben4uHa aTMochepcKor nputsicka. Toto ce XHAPOCTATHNKH MpHTHcaK P M3payHaa MHOXeIKeM BHCHHe crTy6a Te¥HocTK h K cneunpune TexnHe TesHocTH y, y oBoM cay4ajy Guhe: P_ 1,033 1P em? cm? P yt < = 1033.6 Pe yh=76em-13,6 7 Kan 6x ce Topnvennjes oraea w9ee0 Ha sehoj wanMopcKoj sucHX, aobu20 6H ce aia je aTMocepckn npitucak Hitxn, uiTo je nocmeauua Behe paspelenocrn Baxayxa, a 4 s6or Tora uiro je Tala BuCHHa Basaymor cTyGa Mama. Mepera cy noKasanafa ce aTMocibepcKH MpuTHcax He Meta camo ycnlen MpoMeHe sHcHHe Beh m yenex BpemenckHx Mpistuka 3a HOpMasINN aTMocdepexm mpurucax yser je cpemou roqMuneN mpwTucaK Ha MuBOY mopa. On je jegnax tpuinucky xoju citeapa -xusun city6 eucune 76cm, wan, Kako je Beh uspauysaro, 1,033 kp/cm? onHocuo 1,033 at, HopMaaun atmochepckn npytucak 4ecTo ce u3paxkapa H MMAMMETPHMA %KMBHNOT CTyGa (mmHg), Tj. Kao 760mm Hg. Tiputucax on 76cm Hg y3et je 3a jenmumuy aTMochepckor mputucka u Ha3sHBa ce usuyxa aiimocbepa (atm) 3a pasnuky on mexnuuxe atamocdepe (1 at=1 kp/cm?), © Kojoj je So pew, Dyswaxa atmociepa je HeuiTO Beha jeaMHMua 3a MpHTHcax Of TexHH4Ke aTMociepe | atm = 1,033 at Jlaxo je nposeputm aa | at = 735 mmHg, 3a npeunsiitja uspaxaBatea atTmociepckor “MpHTHcKa KOpNCTH ce jenmHHUa mop, nasBana no uTanwjancKom dususapy Topuveaujy. Ova ontowapa MpHTUcKy >%KMBHHOr cTyBa BHCKHe Imm Ha HMBoy Mopa, WTO 3HAuK aa je 1 top = 1 mmHg Tpema Tome, HopMamHn atmociepckM mpyriicak HSHocH 760 Topa. Tiprucax atmocdepe je sem (ako Basayx uMa Many cnenWpH4Hy TexWHy) 3Gor BeaHKe BHCHHE BasRyUIHOr CTyOa, UITO MoKasyjy # orseaH. ZejcTBo ‘armociep- CKOT MpHTHCKa Ha MOBPUIMHY Tea Moxe Ce YOUMTH CAMO ako ce ca jeaHe crpavie Tena paspegy Basayx Hemau Owo Fepuke (1654) Bpao ysepius0 je mpHkasa0 xejcTBo atMociepexor puTcKa loMohy MetanHux noaysontuff] . Hoaynonte cy Ha py6osuma Beoma yruavane, TaKo fa cactaBLeve oBpasyjy sony, npewuKa 56cm. Kaz je kpo3 oTBop ca cmapuMoM W9BYKA0 Ba3ayx, Ka O6e MoaynomTe cy cHowa seNoBATe ToRMKe CHIE aTMochepckor MpHTMCKa aa 4X HH 6 Kowa Muje MOTTO pacTaBHTM.6. BAPOMETPH MM HHXOBA TIPHMEHA Cnpase 3a Meperse armocibepckor npuTHcKa 30By ce Gapomerpu [J]. Moctoje mee spete: jeanu cy ca XNBOM, la Ce HAIKBajy Ausunu Sapomelipu, a sacHO- anu cy Ha TopwenujesomM orneny, 20K cy apyri wemaanu Sapomelupu, KojK’ atmociepcKH mpxTHcaK oapehyiy nomohy yruGara enacrHuHix MeTaaHnx MeM- Spana. © XKusun Gapomerap ff] Moxe ce HanpaBMTH TaKo uiro ce Ha aauiwuy 3a Kojy je mpuxepusthena Topx- Nenujeba eB NOCTaBM MusMMeTapcKa ckana. Len je o6u4HO mpm aHy caBjeHa, Tako aa je kpahn Kpak uIMpH x oTBopeH. Kan ce Mewa aTmocibepcKn TpwTMcak, Metba ce M BHCHHA 2xMBHHOr cTyGa y yxeM Kpaky Gapomerpa, OK ce MpomeHa HMBOa y UIKpeM xpaky ckopo H HE 3anaxKa. TIpownTaHH HHBO OKHBE Ha ckain Gapometpa mpeactasa atmocibepcKy mpHTucak y Tom Tpenyrky. MiuiMetapcka ckana ce ne Mopa TMpoTesatH WeAOM ALYKUHOM UeBH, Beh CAMO _HeKOAHKO uenTumetapa Haq m ucnoa speaHoct 760 mmHg (oGusx0 oa 730—780 mmHg). jep ce atmochepexn Mpwtwcak Ha WeTOMe MecTy He Meta MHOTO Y TOKY spenena, 2Kupwn Sapomerap je jemtocrasan no cpojoj KoH- STPYKUNjK MH AOCTa MpeuWaaH MHCTPYMeHT, aNK je Meriorogan 3a npeHourewse 3G0r ayre craKnene weit iM 3HATHE TexHHE, © Merasnn Gapomerap, wm anepown Bf] wemhe ce ynorpe6sara, jep je nak m MaqHx gauMmeHsuja. Taapnn eo aueponza je Metanua xyrujuua A ff, ca enactuy- HWM TamacacTKM noKnonuem B y Bijly MeMmOpane. Baponerap — anepowa, Via kyruje je wapyyen cKopo can Ba3ayx. Ip mosH- (cnonnu warnen) ilapaisy atMocibepcKor MpATHcKa noKsIONAK KyTHje ce yru6a, a np cHiKabaiby Onpyra O HenpaBma MOKsO- Mau. 3a ompyry je mpeko cucrema mloayra cnojena Kasamka, Koja ce pw MpomeH npurucka Kpehe Tope-tone. Wenog KasaKke ce WalaIH ckaTa, Koja je yrpphena Ha ocHosy ynopehiparsa ca xMBHHUM Bapo- Metpom. fogene Ha.ckasm cy Hajyewhe wspaxene y mmHg Bapomerap Koj ayromarcku, Genex# armociepexi Baponerap — anepowa npurcak wasuea ce Gaporpad Ef]. Y cacras Gapo- (npununn pana) rpada, nopea Gapomerpa A, Hawmiexor of BHUe GapomerapcKux KyTHja ysa3M MH Basak B, KOjM ce NloMohy noce6Hor MexaHiaMa OKpehe TaKO a HaYHHH jeaan nyn o6prtaj rokom jeane ceammue. Mo xapriju, Kojom je oBs0xeH aamax, KaxamKa Gaporpaa ca MMcasKOM Ha BPXy, HeMpeKHANO GenexK BeRHuMHy Nputucka, Tako na ce HMA yBHA y TO KOAMKO je H{ Kako Ce OH Meibao TOKOM ceaMMUE. Baporpa) noceayje ceaka Mereoponomka craHMua.© Tipumena Gapomerpa ATMocibepcku MpHTHcak, Kao ITO je Heh peveHo, oMfana ca nopacrom HamMopeKe aucnie. Mepetsa cy oxasama la ce BNCHHa %KMBKHOT cry6a y Gapomerpy cMmaibyje sa lmmHg mpi mewawy yanc 3a cpakix 10,5m 20 700m HaaMopere Bucune, a aame onfanaie aTMocepcKor Mputrucka ca MlopactoM BUCHHe TOKaayje Anjarpam za camun ff]. V3 osor avjarpama, npeacrasnenor KpMBoM JIMHMKjOM, BAM ce a atmociepekH mpHtucak onaia Harao fo BHcuHe 10km, HemTO cnopHje 10 BH- cue 10 m0 20.km, a caceum cnopo waHan sucuHe on 20 km. Ha suciniK o2 200 km aTMocibepckm MpHTHcaK je 3aHeMaprnBO MasM. 350r Tora ce Ha To) BHICHHM 3eM- SoMHH BelliTaski CaTenuTH Kpehy cKopo Ge3 oTMOpa. : Bapometap ce Moxe ynoTpeGHTH 3a Meperbe HAMMOPCKHX BHCHHa ako My ce, TO pea moctojehe ckaie 34 NpMTWcaK, yrpasiH M cKana 3a HaNMOpCKY BHCHHY (y Me- TpuiMa). Onakas Oapomerap 308 ce BucAHoMep mau adtumerapff] , a ynorpe6- mabajy ra naiawap u asnjarseapn. (© 100 200 300 400 $00 600 700 800 ermocibepaw Antanerap nearest (ewenna y km) Y WcTOM Mecty 207a3H 0 MpOMeHe aTMociepcKor MPHTHCKa, Ma ce H Ha OCHOBY Tora MOxke MporHosuparm wpeme y HapenHom nepoay. Kaq je sasayx snaxan, TpHivcak Onaga (BOseHa apa je WakuIa On BasMyxa) WTO HarOReUITaBa KHMIY WAK waoOsavewse (AeTH xAQLHMje, 2 3MMM TonAHje BpeMe). AKO je Basayx cys, MpH- THCAK PaCTe, @ TO HAFOBEUITABA CYBO M BEApO BPeMe ("TH TOMO, a 3HMK X:a1HO) Alakne, nparehn cbakoanesno npomene aTmociepckor mpuTHcKa y jeaHom Mecry. Moxe Ce NOCTABHTH KPaTKOPO'Ha NporHosa Bpemena. ATMOC@EPCKM MPHTMCAK HA HEKMM HAJMOPCKMM BMCHHAMA Haamopexa Armocipepexi BHCHHa ApHTHCAK (m) (mmHg) 0 760 1293 4.000 461 816 8.000 266 528 av StHpumepn 1. Koamsn npurncax (y plem?) oxrosapa arwochepexom npwrucky ox 74 cmHg? Cnewnwana vexuwa oxuse je y= 13,6 p/cm’. Nonauw h=7hem y= 136-2, om a? 2. Tycrma aasayxa wa noupunam Bemne je p Peurewe ep par b= 13,62. 740m 10064 om em’ 1,3 kp/m’, 1a sara onaza ca snemHom, TaKO ja je wa wxckwn on 200 km nesmarua (tamo je uch ckopo wakyym). Koanxa Om Sua nena BasayuKor omoravia ako Gu meropa rycTHRa Guia wa CaNM BcWNAMA KAO HA HORpUIMHN ZeMiKe, NOM yenOROM Aa ATMOCpEpCKH MpwTHcAK OCTANE HenpomereH (p~ 1033 plem)? Nonaun pein? yep 13 mm 1.000000cm> 1.000.cm* 1. Croxnenn unnwnapwann cya je sarsopen sany- waver Kpos KojM nponasn Wes ca cnaemHon. AKo ce y WHNHNAPY paSPeRY RarAyX, Na ce nocraeH kao ro noxanyje cnnxa ff]. 207m My ce oaspwe cnaswia, son ynam y Hera y Bkay Minaya. OBja- churn Ty nojasy. 2. la nn sncnna mwenior cry6a y Topuvennieson forneay s0anct om wapnne ueBs? 3. Koo je wapaynar Hopman aTHocbepeKn npH- Tncak m KonaKO mHocH? Konnko 1 atm # 1 at wivaly Topo? 4. Ura je suswvKa, © wre TexnnuKa avHocbeps, W aa KOnNKD ce One pasnuyiy? Koja je On HmX Peueme Ws oBpacua p= yh, TpaKena pucuna je: P 1033 A a= = 794615em=8km Y 13 Pp “1000 em? 5. Koxea je posnmxa sanehy xuBnnor » HeTenNor Saponerpa? 6. ¥ woje ce capxe nome ynorpeSur# Baponerap? 7. ¥ weourreheny npaony nuneny KyTaly (0A yo, Sevawia, naka) ynwra Mano Bone m CrORITTH HO enextpwuni wreawax. Kage eona nowne aa Kya, ajnpe cavekaTH HexonMKo HMHyTa AG BoReHO AAPG HeTHEHe BesAyx, © 207MM, ROMORy KpNe, eran xyTHiy Ha Mave sarpejan eo TeAWwaKa H oANAX Je aoBpe saTaoprrn, na cavexarw aa ce oxnaan Kyraja he ce nocne rora aedopnucara Kao Aa |e ‘Nexo mo 160) yaapao vewuhen. OBjacnHTH yapoR ‘ose nojave, ‘cha jeamnua? 7. TIPHTMCAK 3ATBOPEHMX TACOBA Basnyx M spyrm racosH y 3aTBopeHoM cyay creapajy MpHTHcak KojM ce, 44 pasty om AepocTaTHKOr TIpHTHcKA, 30BC puiaucak saiisopenux iacoea. Ovaj UpMTHcAK ce OGjauinaba BenNKOM NoKpeTsnBowhy MoNekyna TacoBa M i HXOSHM yyapameM O augone cya, a He TexKMOM racoBa. Otyaa npoucTHe saKsy4ax aa mpHTHcaK SaTBOPEHNX Tacosa MOCTOjM Hy youOBMMAa GecTexnHcKor crawa. Kana je rycraHa Taca y cyay jemWaka TycrMHM raca W3naH Hera, OHA je M MpHTHCaK SaTBOpeHor Taca jeqHak MpHTHCKY Koj gesyje choba na cyn.-Y cay4ajy ma cy ryctane raca y cyay M H3BaH Hera pasmMANTe, OMA ce Spo} yrapa MoweKyA o 3uI0Be cyma ca YHYTpaliibe K Crosbauibe CTpane 3HaTHO pasaNkyje, na ce THME H MpITMCAK saTRO- PeHor raca pasnnKyje Ox MpHTHcKa KojHM senyje Tac cnomA Ha cya. 52AKo ce orsop TyMeHor GanoHa y KoMe HMA Malo paaayxa sanexe H CTaBH Mo cTaKNeHo 3BOKO (ca. FA] Ds a 3aTHM ce y 3noHy noMOhy WIMpKa paapeni BABAYX, Gaston he ce pamuputn (cx. 4). llmpewe rymenor 6a- noHa oGjaunbaBa ce jejcTBoM MIpuTHCKa 3aTROpeHor Basayxa y Ganony, KojH je Behw ox mputucKa par pefleHior Basnyxa y crakjeHoM 3BOHY. AKO ce TOHOBO NYCTH Ba3MyX y CTaKeHO 3BOHO, wajemHayHhe ce OK upwtucuit 1 Ganon he enaacuyru, 1o6usum npehauney aampemmuy [a] [b) Aejcrso nNoBMMeHoOr NpHTHCKA 3aTBOPeHOr aca Mowe ce nokasaTH W Xepowonom Souom FF]. To je oGnwa Goua, ao6po saTeopena sanyuuvew. Kpo3 Sanya nponasn wes, ayn ce own orsop nanan y soaw. Kan ce xpos ues aysa, a aru Spo cxaowe yera ca ueeu, oat he nox aejeraoM “npuTucKa sarsopewor Basiyxa xoju je BWM Of choneluner, nOTEhM suny owocKora nanione. Ova vCTW¥e CBE OK ce MpNTHCAK sarnopewor masnyxa He aBjesmann ca cronauiwn, atwocbep HNN. NPHTHCKOM Xeponoen Goua ca awe wean sove ce Spwaraannm a naj- vee je wopneTe xesapn Fawac ce veero na ynuny y aepaay nocranna ypehaj 30 AYTOMATCKO saTRApAme ChomAWHX BpaTa. OBaj ypchaj ce cacroin ws jeavor Meramor uaunnpa ca xawnom.. Kam ce para orsapaiy, noxpehe ce xnan Kojn caBnja. nasnyx y UnAaM- BpY, a WAN ce BpHra mycre, pwrwcar caSujewor mannyza aejevsyje tpexo wanna’ wa epava, o¥a ce Tana nonaxo sarnapajy. Onae ce npurucae cre xomente raca nopehao kana je cabujen na Many sanpemunly. Axo je rac mule cabnjen, Nosehasa ce Gpoj osekyna KojH ynapajy o ceaKH cm? URAMK- apa, ma jem mputucax wehu. OGparuo, Kaa ce Kami spaha, saTsopenu sesayx, aobKja schy sanpemMuy, nia npwTHcaK ona Xeponosa Soya! ii] BOJJ1-MAPHOTOB 3AKOH Ypehaj 3a ayromarcko saTBapaibe sparta, Koji je OnucaH Y MpeTXOHOM onemKy, NoKasyje na rac y gaTBopeHoM mpocropy KapakrepMMy Be BeaKYnHe: weioea saupemuna u upuiaucax. Tlpomena jeane on OBNX BEAMSHHA yBeK ycIOBMABA MpoMeHy upyre. Py=tatm Vyotdem? [BM v2 12cm? Ta 6H ce TavHo yTBpAKAA MpoMena mpwrucKa onpehee KOsHHHe raca Y 3ABMCHOCTK Om HWeToBe 3anpemuve, Moxe ce ynoTpebutm jeaHocTaBHa cTak- neHa wes y o6nuky copa Uff], ca kpaunma Kojn ce 3HaTHo pa3nuKyjy no ayxuu. Kpaha xpak uma CHaBHHY KOJOM ce MOKE 3aTBOPHTH, a AYAK je yseK otsopex. Hacyra xxea y uesH Gute y Oba KpaKa Ha CTO] BHCHHH (CA. @), jep OHM 4uHe crrojeHe cysoBe. BasayuiHn NpHTucak W3HAA HHBOA %KMBe y 06a Kpaka fal tb) waHocn Latm. Axo ce caabuHom S 3ateopu y Kpahem Miposepa Bojn-Mapmorosor = xpaxy, Hmp., 24cm! Ba3lyxa, a 3aTHM y AYAM Kpak i aia HOsMBA VBA, OHA he eH HMBO pacTH y OGa Kpaka, ann Bpxe y oTsopenom Hero y saTBopetom xpaky. JlosIMBamwem 2uBE npHTHCAK 3aTHOpeHOr Ba3ayxa ce Meiba. On mocTaje Behu 3a pa3iuky BMCHHe *KHBMHOT cTySa y oTBopeHom H y 3aTBOpeHOM Kpaky (ca. 5). AKO OBa paziHKa W3HOcH 76cm, onma je MpaTicax 3aTsopenor Basayxa y uepn 276 emHg (uM 2 atm), wo 3HaNK 2a je wero npHtacak 2 nyta Behn om-noveTHor, wok he 3anpemwHa Bazlyxa cama urn Tayo 2 nya Maia on noveTHe sanpemune, aaKste 12 cm} (ca. b). Jlamum jonwparem xNGe Moxe ce OCTBApHTH fla MpHTHcak Basayxa Syne 3x76 cmHg (nan 3 atm); 4x76 cmHg (man 4 atm); 5 76cm Hg (Han 5 atm), wa. tj. 3, 4, 5... myra Behn on noveTHor nputucKa. Oarosapajyhe sanpemune pastyxa Ouhe 3, 4, 5... nyta mame of noverHe sanpemune, onHocho Guhe 8 cm*, 6 cm}, 4,8 cm? Muoxersem Spojunx speanocr mpwtucaka m oarosapajyhux sanpemana raca Y CHUM OBMM cayyajesHMa he ce AOBUTH jeaHAKH poNsBOAN, To ject ' js 1% 24=24 | 2x12=24 | 3x8 =24 4x6 24 | 5x 4,824 Ovaxas onHoc MaMehy NpHTHCKa H JANPEMHHe BAH 3a cBe racoBe axo ce pu ome ne saipecajy une xtage. Jo onor 4aKsuyKA AOWLAM cy HesaBNCHO jean on } apyror Exrnes Boj (1662) n @panitys Mapuow (1679), na oryaa Ww MasHe Boja-Mapuowios 2akon. Taj saKon raacn pw’ neto]_Temnepa typ i rae je C — Koncranra. \ } * Koncrauran — cranan, enpomeren, \} 54 \} \Ako WCTa KOHYNHa Taca MPH pasAH4HTHM MPHTHCHMMA p, HP. HMa O”rOBapa- jyhe aanpemmue V, 1 V,, ofa je Ha ocHoBy Bojt- Mapnotosor 3aKoxa p,V, ~ p.V;. To wcTo ce Moxe ManvcaTH Hy OGAHKY Mportopunje: p,:p)~V,:V,. Ma ce Moxe Z pehit a cy MpwTucnn ompelene Kosn4use raca na ueToj TeMmepatypn oGpuyro cpas- MepHm SampemmiaMa ra Ha octopy osx W3pa3a Moxe ce W3pa4yHatH jeaa on OBMX BeAMYMHA aKO ce no3najy ocrane pH Tpunep. Y_sarsopenom cyay, swja je sanpewm (p,=Tatm), “Koamex he npwrucax p, V,~ SO lit, sanaa wopwacin mparucak race ranarm y wemy ako MY ce sanpenmua ewanu wa V,~ 10 lit? Noaaun Pewewe py=Latm Mis Boja- Mapnorosor saxona p,V,~ pV; nautam ce: V, =SOlit ¥, soli i p= = 1 aim Satm ¥,=10lit Pr Piy, core »: Aaxse, nparicax Kojum ce Moxe cMaisMTH sanpemuna raca on SDlit Ma IOlit waKocw 5 atm. Yenos je aa Temneparypa raca Syne Meta npe n oct —cabyjatee Sagauu 42—46 8. MAHOMETPH Muctpymentn Kojuma ce Mepx nptcax 3arBopennx racona M napa s0By ce Mavomerpa. [ocroje wano- meiipu ca *UGOM Ww Mewiaanu Manomewpu. © Manomerap ca xunom y creapnt je craknena U-ues, OIMMHMHO Hemytena KHBOM. JelaH Kpak MaHoMeTpa cmraja ce ca cym1oM y KOMe je rac “nj ce MpMTMcAK MepH, a Apyrm Kpak ocraje ormopen ff] , na y wemy aeayje aTmociepexi mpxritcak. Opakeh MaHoMerpi cayxe 3a Mepetbe MANIMX pazauka upuiuucaka iaca. AKO je MMpHTHcak raca BHIMK om aTMociepcKor, oHAa he ce XH CNYCTHTH y Kpaky Koj je y Be3M ca cyAOM, a y apyrom xpaky he ce nonwha. [lpurucax raca y cyay noGuhe ce ako ce atmociepcKom npiTucky, WaMepe- vor GapoMetpom, ona pasauka xHapocraTHuKHx Npwrucaka 2xKBHHMX cTy6oBa y jeaHloM Mm aApyroM Kpaky OTBopeHor MakoMetpa. AKO je, Ha npHMep, armocdepexi mputucak 750 mmHg, a pasanka y Bie Cun AHBHHUX CTyGoBa 30 mm, oHAA je pHTHCAK 3a1BO- peor raca p=750 mmHg +30 mmHg ~ 780 mmHg { Y caysajy na je y cyay HHH MpHTHcaK of aTMo- Orsopenn maxonerap cthepexor, xKBa he ce noauhy y Kpaxy Kojm je no Besa CMM, a y apyrom he ce cnycruTh. Orsopenn mavomerap je npeuwsay, am ce wume He MOTY MepHTH RenHKe pazaMKe npHTucaka, jep 5H ‘ ce TIpH NoBuitiabatby NpuTHcKa Taca 3a cBaKy bH3H4KY aTMochepy pasauxa HMBOa %KHBE Y KpauHMa noBehana | 3a 76 cm. To Su saxresano Bpno Ayre Kpake MaHOMeTpa.i Mpexannya 3a sohe Merannw Hanonerap Meransn nanonerap (warnen) (npwnunn paaa) Meranun mManomerpn [J nonecun cy 3a Mmepeme BHCOKHX MpuTHcaka. Onn ce cacToje m3 jenHe KyTHje y Kojoj je cMeusrena enacTwuna merama wep y OBNMKY cnosa C ff]. Jenan xpak wesn je sarsopen, a apyrn je y Beam ca cyqioM y KoMe ce Mepu mputicak. Kan mapa (m1 Tac) yhe y capujeny ues, ona ce nom mpH- THCKOM wemMpaBiba, a TO Ce Mpexo monyra mpeHocn Ha KasaKy Koja cBOjHM MonOxKajem moKasyje BeNH- sumy mputucka. Tip cmatsemy mpyTHcKa ues ce capnja M 2oBMja mpaobuTHH OBAMK,,a Ka3a/bKA ce upaha wa wyay. Kag je Ka3aKa y HyTOM nonoxajy, we 3HaYM fa mMpwrucKa Hema, Beh ja je OM jenNaK HOpMasiHOM aTMocibepckom mpurucky. Ha ckasm Ma- HOMeTpa “Ta ce ppenHocY MpHTHCKA 3H HOpMas- Hor 4 Taj Mputucak ce OOM4HO HasHBa HATMpHTHCAK, AKO, Ha TipuMep, HaTHpHTHcaK y TyMH 3a OWIMKT waHocn 0,5at, 3Havm ga je mpurucak y moj 1,5 at. (Ckana MeTasunx manomerapa Hajveuthe je y TexHHSKHM atmocibepama (at). Momohy wux ce KoHTpommule mpH- Twcak Tape Koa MapHx KOTOBa, MpHTHCAK Taca y semmsium SouaMa, mpHTicak Basayxa Koa npeKanuna 3a wohe [J « canuno. 9. YPEBAJM 3ACHOBAHM HA 6OJ.1- MAPMOTOBOM 3AKOHY Ha ochosy Boji-Mapxoronor sakona x mejcrsa atmoctepckor nputucka Hanpab- Suen cy MHOTH ypehajK Nomoliy Kojux ce W3BIaYe TeNHOCTH H TaCOBK M3 cynoBa wan ce y Huma cabujaly. @ Tipasa natera [f] coyxn 3a mpenourerbe Mare KouMYHHe TeYHOCTH 3 jenHor cyqa y apyri. To je ues ca npommpersem y roprem neay. Kan ce 0mM feo 3armypK Y Te4HOCT, @ KPO3 TOpibH YCTHMa AGBYYe Mago BAsAyXa, TeYHOCT wonyfaBa HaTery Toa Aejcrsom armociepcKor npxtvcka. Maite Hatere, Koja ce MpH y3HMaHy Te- HOCTH MOKe HSMEpHTH if HHXOBA saMpeMmua, sony ce iuewe [T- 56 *Mwnera @ Kpusa uatera je capujena ues (on ryMe, crakna WT TUIACTHAHE Mace) KOjOM Ce MOXe Te¥HOCT y He pekMaHOM Msla3y npeTaKaTH 43 jenHor cya y Apyrit Kau ce jean oTBop craw y cya ca Teaoumhy, a xpos Apyrm ycTuMa W3By¥e Mano Ba3Ayxa, o1ta he ce Moa jejcTBOM aTMochepcKor mpKTMCKa MCIyHHTH HaTera TesHowhy. Atmochepckn mputucaK KojK seayje Ha TOpiK OTBOP WEB, MPeKO NOBPUIMHE TesHOCTH, yYMa- we je 3a XWIpocTaTHuKH mpwTHcax crySa TesHocTH hy, 20K je aTMochepeKK MpuTHcaK KojM AeNYje Ha AOMM oTsop B yMaisel 3a xMapocTaTHNkH MpHTHCAK TeHHOr ety6a hy. Mouro je h,>h,, onaa je npwrucak wa Fopiwem OTBOpy BHU, Na he TewHocT cTanHo HCTH- MaTH Kpo3 HaTery. Axo rpeBa npetakarn TewHocTH HenpijarHHx MupHca WIM OTpoBHE TeYHOCTH, y TOM cay¥ajy ce BAsAyX wa watere He u3exayu ycuuma, Tipn tome Tpeba Hatery MpeTxoawo noTonHTH waK HanyHiTH TewHouhy, a 3a- THM jelaH Wen oTBOP 3aTBOpHTH MpcToM, # apyrH ApKaTH y Te¥HOCTH. 3aTHM ce 3aTBOPeHK Kpaj WeBH waBy4e M3 cya, CapHje HaHWKE M CKHOHM MpCT ca orsopa. Kpos o6aj orbop TesHoct he nover 2a MeTHMe, NapaBHO, ako je OH HIOKH Od HKBOA TeMHOCTH y cyay. IUMPKOBM 34 BA3LYX Tlocroje waprosu 2a cabujame x wampkoeu 3a pas- pehusaive saagyxa. Y npoe cnanajy wMpk 3a SuunKn 4 KoMMpecop, @ y apyre — KAKNHK wWMpK 3a paape- Daaise pasayxa. apr 22 Sawa fF] catrojn ce na wnpe weranne uesn S, Y Kojoj ce kpehe KoxHH «aun K. Koxka je noctasmexa Taxo ‘na Ce UNDA W MObpo HaNeKe HA aHORE UeBK KAN ce caBxje pasayx. Baayx 3 uIMpRa W383" Kpo> OWN GOWN OTBOP Ka uuebi, a saTmM xpos ryMeno upeso w semuer Ef] y ykytpauney rymy Smunena. s7fal [b) Umpx 30 paspehwsane sasayxa tq (h) Unnpx 24 yencasame sone 58 Bentan ce cactojn 3 MeTanve ueBH K ryMeKor pena, Koje je Ma wy wanyxeNo. Mp nonaaNeny Knwna Harpe Raaayx ce Xe apaha, jep ryMeWo upewo sexThsa wepeTO Hamexe y> MeTaAKY ues # JaTBapa HEH GowNM oTBop A. Y Tom TpeHyTKy aTMochep- KH NPHTHCAK Nosnja KoxHUY KANN YHYTDA BARAK TOKOBO enyskasa npocrop iMehy Kanna w sexrHna. TIpH cBaKont norwexusawy Kanna wagoae YOauyje ce HORA KOAN'HHA BAAYAA Y TYMY, TAKO a weros npwTHeaK nocraje Coe BiH ©ikoepccomn EE) cy unprosn 1a caSnjane sexys, swe kannowe noKpehe MoTop. Onn 3a Kparko Bpeme mory cabuTH Behe KoAMNNe BaxayxAa (WAM sIpyror Taca) y MaxN npocrop. Osaxo cabnjenn rac KOpHCTH ce KOA BasAYWIMHX KoWHMUA, BYLIK- nua na. ¥ Cmenepeay Ge npomssone Kompecopn ..arpan™ © Wp sa paspebwarse earayxaf] ma unannaap C, Koj je yoawom ween cnojex ca craxnenim 280KOM R, y KOME ce 2xerm parpeantn arayx. Fp opiavemy Kanna HaBMINe Bay YX, wpehn ce wa craKnewor aeoKa R, niponayw KpOY WER H oreapa sexrrua V,, Te ce uMmANAA wenyHH (on. g). Chyurranen nana caBnjeni maaayx y unannapy aaTRapa BexTHA V, a oTRApA peau V, Ha KAMKY mH WaNBOH (CHL. By Axo ce 080 KpeTawe Kuna NOWOBM BIE NYTa, y CraKTeHOM spony Ne ce Basayx ToAHKO paspeanTH na ce OMO, yeneA sej- cra cnomaumer npwrucka, wehe Mow noqMrHyTH ca nocTosa, Odaj kawnkn wMpK Hana wena HpAMeKY npH HoBOheHy orneaa ca paspehenwm sarayxom, a2 mpumenyje ce my TexKMuH (4a npumep npx uspanu TepMoc-Goua, enexrpwyMux cujannua, lueeH 3a cRETAChE pexnaMe, eNEKTPONCKHX UeBH, TA.) UIMPKOBH 34 BO;Y Tlocroje se epere wMpkosa 3a Bony, H TO: mupKoau 3a veucasaine soge WupKoeU 3a UoMUcKUEAIvE Boge. (© Uiupxonn 3a yencasaise nonefFJ pane a ucrom npunuuny kao M WMpKOBH 3a paspehirmane sasayxa. Bewrwn V, Haas ce Ma aKy unauHapa C, re je MpHKMYYeHA UeB yHjM je OWN kpaj sarisypen’ y soay y Synapy. AApyrn vewtan V, sarsapa orpop Ha kauny, OBa nenruna ce oTsapajy warope. Tipk nopnavery knuna Masnwe (ca. a) paspehyje ce sasayx y uMJWNApy, Te Ce Boma y UeBH nee Hurope, rom AejcTBOM aTMociepckor mputicka, KA HompwnHy Bone y Syxtapy. Npw opoMe ce oTBapa veNTHA V, H poaa yaasH y uMAMHap C. Kana ce KiHN noTHcHe Magone, JaTeapa ce BeHTHA V,, a oTBApa Vy, ye wMocTAAN BayYx M ROAa TONAI WKAR KAUNa, TlocaE HeKO- ANKO MOMOBAEKNX NOCTyAaKa HuBO Boge Buhe wsHan So¥Hor orsopa A na umsunapy (ca. B), re noma wssa3H Axo 6x ce Kon BOF UIMPKa OCTsapHO NOTHYH BAKyyM, ¥ uwauapy uenog Kawna Moraa Gx ce noaWhH Boma ca ayoune oa 10,33m, am ce ova npaKTuaKH Mowe noauhu camo ca ayGune on oxo 8—9m, jep ce OBMM WMPKOM He Moxe nocTHhit BemMKo paspeherse wasayxa.o:Wiape 20 uoraccansne om iff] woxe noxsdhu sory 1 aehy sucnny. Opaj uIMpkK ce paxANKyj€ OA NPETXOAHOF MO TOME WTO. weros KANT Hema seHTHma. IIpk nosmayeHy Kwa HaBMue | Kepences oma ce wanwee #3 GyHapa, oTsapa weHTHa V), Kao Kon wMpKA aa yeneabawe. TloMepaiem kana Hagone posta aarBapa venta V,, na wanaan xpos Bowiy wes, ormapa sewn V, mn yna3n y Xepoxosy Gouy, Osatne soma non npHTpcKoM WwIa%M KpOS camnjeny ues. Tipuniexiom jaxux cua ome ce a ovaj naxiut aoa nioauhy Ma RENINKY BWCHNY, NA Ce 3€TO OBAKBN WINPKOMH (noCeTHE KOH- erpyxunje) ynorpeSmapajy xa rauene noxapa w Haaimajy ce ‘aiipoiacnum wsipxonunia, Wrpx 20 wore 1. Sowro ce Speorantua, apuxaiava na com]. we nome ncny- pba oterpepeprsyrapens 2 Kame We ce Manas ‘npwrwcor Teveopener Salata y NPR 30 ya6an wnn y nyyanKH op soBMNOr ApRETO Kaa ce Ma OTROP craaH pcr, na ce Knwn ROMepa HaNpeA Wnw HaTpar? Oo B 3. Kako nach Bojn-Mapworos saxon? Moa Kojw ycnosma of p 4, OBjachwr# Koko ce Kopwere KanMHUe 30 WOE HM ONK NOHOAY neve co rynmuonff] ? | 5. Uwnunaap je nosesdn npeKo jenwe ysaHe ween ca HoHoMeTpon. Ble nu ce nome noxpeTawen Kana, XO} ROBpO WONEKE WO IMAORE Uunnmeape, nposepwr» Bojn-Mapwron saxon IT] ? 6. Za nw ce xpuson Nareron, Kako je npeacraseno wo cnmun BED. one mpeBaunrs soae? . 7. Mexap npuxaran wa cnmur fT]. nenywen rewowhy, Bpro ce eo wenpaswn, Sauro? fla nn he ce wcrM nexap WenpDHNTH GKO ce Ro nonosmHe wcnyHn Tewnowhy? 8. la nw Re ce Kpwea HaTera McnpaRMNTH OKO ce HNKH OTBOP, pos Koj crave soa, nogurwe y enemy OTBopa y KojM ynam won?nyTtata 2. asvona 4. Kpeitiarwe 1, KPETABE HM MAPOBAIBE Y cpakoanesvom xHBOTY 3anaxKa ce Kperate pasHux tena, Teno ce Kpehe ako Metsa CBO} MOTOKaj y OA”HOcy Ha HeKO sApyro Teno, Tako, Ha MpHMep, Kpehe ce aBuon y omHocy Ha 3emmy, BOS y ONHOCY Ha UIMHe, ayroMoGHA y omHOcy Ha nyt, Bona y peu y omHocy Ha oBamy, cnoprucra y oaHocy Ha Crazy, HT. MIpema Tome, Tipomena nostoxaja rea y oaMocy Wa apyra Teta sone ce MExaHNYKO KpeTatbe. Kana tena He Mewajy yaajamun nonoxaj, Ha mpamep ctonwua y onHocy Ha moa, owira ce Kaxe sa OHA MUpyiy. Mehyrum, nytamk y ayToMoBumy ce He Kpehe y oHocy Ha ayTomoBun, ann ce 3ajenHo ca ayroMoBHaoM Kpehe y onvocy Ha nyt HTH arpare Mopen nyra. 3a srpaite ce Moxe cMatparn aa cy y MHpOBaiby, ann Tpeda HMATH HA yMy aa ce M srpame gajento ca 3emssom oBphy oxo wee oce m oKpehy ce oKo Cysua, He camo 3emma Bch M c8a ocTana HeDecka Tena, ykmyayjyhn u Cynue, wenpectaHo ce xKpehy — 0 wemy je Busto pew y reorpaduju. Oraenm cy noxazanm ma ce HenpecTano Kpehy 4 Monekyim, Tj. aToMn ceaxe cyncraxunje. Hanme: Kperame je najonurraje craise matepuje. a 5 Zia 6u ce nakwie npoyyabano MexaHHyKO KpeTaibe rena, Hajuewhe je 20B0%HO nocMaTpaTH KpeTatve jea- He werone Take, a axo je myratsa Tera mHoro Beha OM WeTOBHX ANMEHSHja, OFA ce TeTO mMpencranma jeHOM TadKoM, Koja ce y OBOM cayyajy HasHBa MaTe- B pujanna raska. ¥ Kana ce npoyyapa kperaise ayromoSusia, Spoma abHoWa HM CANYHO, OHM ce 3aMemyjy MaTepijamHuM TavKaMa, UITO He yTHMe Ha HcnpaBHocT WsBesteHiX saxmyyaxa. Ucto Tako ce M 3emima, Kao m mpyra HeBecka Tema, MPH Mpoyyaalsy IHXOBNX KpeTatba, ump, Oko Cyiua, samewyjy MaTepHjaniwM TasKava, Jeaan om nonaraxa 0 KpeTaiby Kpene mo TaBan jecte s S wen Tpar. HcTo Tako, MpH KpeTaiy HeKor Teaa M3 jemmor nonoxaja y apyrn Moxe ce saMncnuTH Tpar y Bay HeKe aunuje. JTunuja tio Kojoj ce wero Kpehe soee ce uyMara wiend um mpajexinopuja BR ‘ Tyrana tena moxe aa Gyae npasa EJ am xpwoa na je m Kperate npema oBsHKy Myrarc mpaso- anmnjeko WAN KpHBOAHHHjCKO.——| Tlanawe tena je mpasomuunjcxo xpetawe QJ, a net cxujawa xpnsoaunnjcxo gy - eo wyiiarse Koje_tieao_iipehe 2a ogpehevo_epeme jeciie ipehenu iyi 2. PEATHBHOCT KPETAIbA Y mpupoan, Kao uro je Beh pexeno, Hema Tena xoje 64 Sus y noTnyHom — ancoayriom Mupy. Tloctojx camo peaTueHo Muponaibe. Tj. MHpoBaise jeanor Tena Y OMHocy Ha apyra (aaM He cba) Tena. Kako ce KpeTama ysek Mocmatpajy y oaHocy Ha Tera Koja cy ¥ peaaTMBHOM MHPOBaIBY, MOXE ce 3aKsby4UTH: © Cea Kperama cy pesarupna © Hema ancomyrior Maponaia OBsuK W Mpasay nytae Tena TaKohe cy penatHBun, jep ce nocMatpajy y omKocy xa gpyra tesa. Tako je nytaiea Spoaa no Mopy Ha mpsu morse mpasomuanjcKa y onwocy Ha HeKH ApyrM Gpom WM OCTpBO Mopem MyTalbe, aam je Ona KPMBOMMHHjcKA, jep ce uanasn na mompummir Jewne, xoja je, Kao nro je momar, momracta ff Tlyratea Sposa KojH He Melba Kypc moBHAGe MpawonMHnjcka je camo na Kpahem uyuay. nonynpeyHnKk 6370 km Y opom morneay kapaxtepucrusan je MpHMep manatba Tena y ayTobycy KojM ce xpehe. 3a mocmarpaya y ayToBycy Teo naga BepTHKAAHo, a 3a nocMaTpaya KojH je Tope Myra — KOCO, WTO Ce MOXe saKO s1OKAIaTH, 3. JEAHOMKO KPETABE. BP3HHA Axo ce ayromodua xpche mo mpanom H pantiom nyry, Bes npomenie ¥ paay MoTopa, ona he oH y jeuiWaKHM BpeMeHCKHM MNTepBANMMa mMpenasuTH jenHaKe myTeRe. VY opom caysajy Kaxke ce aa ce ayromodun xpche jeaWoaMKHM KpeTawem, mu jex- noammo. JeqHosHKo ce Kpehy M MlokpeTHe crenteHMue Y BenNKHM poBHHM KyhaMa, 1 MpenocH KaNWicBH KOR MauiHHa. Kao MpHMep OBAKBOT KpeTalea Moxe ce yaeTH Nagaise KWIIHX KANH H Mlagaibe NagoBpanua ca OTROPeHHM TIaxObpaHoM. Testo ce Kpehe ako HO syTann ty Tewe ie mpanoj Sot Jeane pret 7 Je 61Ako newiak jemHoMKMM KpeTaem mpehe nyt on 30km 3a 6h, Taj MeTH nyT SuuuKaucta Moxe a mpehe, ump., 3a 2h. Y Tom cayyajy Kaxe ce aa ce GuMMKANCTA 6pxe Kpetao wi na je weroBa Gpauwa Beha. Bp2nna meuraka y oBom caywajy je Skm wa ¥ac, a Guuukaucte 15km Ha ac. Bp3HHa KOA BMX jeaHONNKHX KpeTatba uspayynata je genemea upehenoi uyma epemenou. Y onurrem cnysajy, oBpasalt 3a Gpauity Koa jeAHOAMKOT KpeTata Moxe ce HaNMcaTH BAKO: apehens nyt apeme Spsmua Ako ce Sp3uHa OBCAeKH ca ¥, MpChcHH NT cas, a BpeMe ca f, HAR OGparaMt 3a Bpanny noSuja oBamK: + 3 obese mpebenn mye (m) Spans ( ) v= peme (s) Bpiuna je sexropcka senna, urro aasn aa je oapelera dpojnom spegnowhy, upasyen u cmepom Kl @ Jeqummue 3a 6psuny. — Jenunmie 3a Sp3suny w3Be- mene cy 3 jeanHuue nya, (aykHHe) M BpemeHa, 3a Jeguiuuy Spsune yauma ce Spsuna Kpeiuara upu Kome weao y jeguuuu spemena upeaagu wyw jegnax jeguranu gyxune. Jeaunuua sa Spsuay y MehyHapomHom cyc- Tey jenunua jecre MeTap y cekyHay (m/s) Y mpakcn ce KOpHCTH ™ Marba jeauHuua — wexiuume- _ map y cexyngy (cm/s), mpm wemy je: cm 100 s 8 YY caoGpahajy ce wecro KopucTH H jenHHMa GpsuNe KusoMeiap Ha vac (km/h), HOK ce GpsnHa KocmuuKHx GpomoBa, paxeta H HeDecKHX Tena WspaxKasa Kusowewpuma y cexyngy (km/s) Vuctpyment 3a Mepewe Sp3nne sone ce Gpsunomep J . Ox ce yrpahyje y ayro- MoGwIe, aBMoHe, BpomoBe M Apyra caobpahajwa cpencrsa. Tipunep. psmny ayromobusa oa 36 km/h wspasutn y m/s. Kaxo je 1km=1000m, a 1 h=36005, onaa je: km 5, 1000m 36m om v= 36" = 36 -—"~10 h 3600s 36s s Ms osor mpuepa ce sna aa Spojua speawoct Spsmne, Kao w Ma Koje apyre Guswae seamunne (Ha npumep JLyAHHA, SampeMuNa, epee, ura.), samucu 01 wsabpane jexmumue. Kosuxo je ayia wsabpana jegunuya eeha, ioauxo aya je Spojua 61 Wocuaiipane seammune mated. Bpsunonep koa ayronobuna sat ae a a »Bacrasa 750 62Y onom caysajy, Spojua speanocr Spsuwe, wspaxene y km/h, mawocu 36, a y m/s oma je 10. Kaxo je Spojua epeawoct Spsune 3,6 nyra Maia kata ce wspazn jeawmnyom m/s, amamu an je 03a jeammma 3,6 nyra seha on jeanne km/h. s Vis o6pacua 2a Sp3uny v= wanaau ce obpasan, t 34 BpeMe Tpajara Kperarsa: c 4 obpasay 3a mpehenn ayr: ~ TABIIMIA BP3MHA HEKUX KPETAIGA i lewax sms npehenu nyt Spswna mpeme Buuwxnucra 5—10 m/s

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