Channels 0. Channels and Pipes With Frictional and Singular Pressure Drop

Channel 0.
Channels and pipes with frictional and singular pressure drop

1. Pressure loss calculation routine, for water
2. Pressure loss calculation routine, for slurry
3. Weir method for slurry pump selection for A-type fluids

(Application of Warman's theory)
4. Pulp flow in circular, semicircular & rectangular channels, with three sizing options and constant Mann
5. Pulp flow in circular semicircular & rectangular channels. Array & single functions. Variabl
6. Pressure loss coefficients for Valves and Fittings

7. Widening and narrowing fittings
References
Note for fluids type A (according Weir)

- In the standard method (sheet 2) the pressure head is calculated using the same
rather than the properties of water.
- The method of Weir (sheet 3) calculates the pressure drop as if the fluid was wat
the slurry. Larger values of correction, correspond to cases where the flow velocity
In this case, the flow and pressure head will have their lowest values, and therefore
Weir and standar method

The comparison of the two methods for the calculation of pulp line pressures, has b
For the studied case , there is a good agreement between the two results , being th
impossibility of obtaining a general conclusion, one might assume, that both meth
However, the Weir method provides information regarding its application range. Th
gives similar results, the same range of validity should be applied to both methods.
According Weir, the method is valid for :
0 % <= Cw <= 40 %
For more applications on channels, see in "piping-tools.net", following files:
gular pressure drop
ng options and constant Manning's coefficient (Channel 2)

& single functions. Variable Manning's coefficient (Channel 5).
alculated using the same method as used for the water (sheet 1), but utilizing the properties of the pulp
op as if the fluid was water and adding a pressure differential correction to account for the properties of
where the flow velocity is close to the limit deposition velocity.
st values, and therefore the power requirement is the minimum
ulp line pressures, has been made based on a particular case. This, therefore, does not allow general conclusion
he two results , being the Weir method some 3% higher than the standard method . While recognizing the
assume, that both methods are applicable to other cases.
ts application range. Thus, if the Weir method is accepted and it is considered that the standard method
pplied to both methods. That is, the applicability of these methods should be restricted to fluids of " type -A "
50 m < d50 < 300 m
<= Cw <= 40 %
and
", following files:
roperties of the pulp
or the properties of
not allow general conclusions .

. While recognizing the
t the standard method

ted to fluids of " type -A " .
Rev. cjc. 18.03.2015
1.- Pressure loss calculation routine, for water

Pipe nominal diameter (CS)
Pipe schedule
Pipe absolute rugosity
Kinematic viscosity
Water flow rate
Pipe lengths
dn
sch =
Rabs =
Q=
Lsucc =
Ldisch =
Nominal diameter
Shedule
Exterior diameter
Espesor Tubera
data
data
de = Pipe_Imp_CS_Dext_dn
Lining thickness
Interior pipe diameter
data
di = Pipe_Imp_CS_Dint_dn_sch
Interior diameter
di = Pipe_Imp_CS_Dint
Area
Absolute rugosity
Relative rugosity
A = (/4) * di^2
Extracted flow
Volumetric flow
Flow velocity
Reynolds
Friction coefficient
Kinematic pressure.
Darcy unit loss
Section length
Friction pressure loss in section
s = Pipe_Imp_CS_Thickness_dn_sch
data
Rrel = Rabs / di
data
Qi = Qi-1 - Qextr
v = Q/ A
Re = v * di /
f = Pipe_Friction_Factor_Rrel_Re
hv = v/(2*g)
J = f*(1/d)*hv
data
Pf_sect = J * L
Singularities
Average friction factor value
Tee stright, STD
Tee branch, STD (90)
Curve 90 (5D)
Curve 45(5D)
Curve 90 (3D)
Curve 45(3D)
Elbow 90 STD
Elbow 45 STD
[12]
[12]
[12]
[12]
[12]
[12]
[12]
[12]
Reduction.
= d1/d2 (Note 1)
Expansion. = d1/d2
[12]
(Note 1)
[12]
[6]
[6]
[5]
[3]
[10]
[1]
[2]
[2]
[4]
[9]
[8]
[11]
[12]
[12]
Diaphragm valve (Weir K = f(dn)

Diaphragm valve (Thru) K = f(dn)
Pinch valve
K = f(dn)
Knife valve
K = f(dn)
Cone valve
K = f(dn)
Ball valve
K = f(dn)
Butterfly v. Bray 20/21
K = f(dn)
K = f(dn)
Globe valve
K = f(dn)
Angular valve (90)
K = f(dn)
Check valve
K = f(dn)
Y-Filter
K = f(dn)
Pipe inlet (r/D = 0)
Pipe outlet
Other
Other
Note 1. d2 is the largest diameter
g=
9.80665
m/s
4
STD
0.15
1.3E-06
37.5
in
mm
[m/s]
m/h
400
dp_in =
3 1/2
din =
in
Suction
p_CS_Dext_dn
p_CS_Thickness_dn_sch
mp_CS_Dint_dn_sch
di - 2*sLining
ction_Factor_Rrel_Re
dn
in
de
s
slining
mm
mm
1
4
STD
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
mm
mm
9
#VALUE!
m
m
mm
-
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
0.15
#VALUE!
m/h
m/h
m/s
-
37.5
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
m
m
m/m
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
5
#VALUE!
Inlet
Kinlet
di
Di
Di
A
Rabs
Rrel
Qextr
Q
v
Re
f
hv
J
L
Pf_sect
fave =
L/d =
L/d =
L/d =
L/d =
L/d =
L/d =
L/d =
L/d =
#VALUE!
20
60
15
7.5
11
6.4
30
16.0
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Outlet
0.88
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
dn =
dn =
dn =
dn =
dn =
dn =
dn =
dn =
dn =
dn =
dn =
dn =
-
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
0.50
1.00
1.00
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
Resume of singular and frictional losses in sections. A

Singular losses in sections
Singular losses in sections.
Ps_section= Ksing_section*hv =
Friction losses in sections
Other losses in sections

Sum of losses in sectionsos
DPsection = SDP
Suction losses
Discharge losses
Total losses
P = PsuccionPimpulsion
dp_out =
in
Pump inlet diameter dp_in

Pump outlet diameter dp_out
dout =
in
Discharge
3
4
STD
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
9
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
0.15
#VALUE!
0
37.5
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
400
#VALUE!
Koutlet
Input the number of singularities in each section

1
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
26
1
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
0.50
1.00
1
1
1
1
ar and frictional losses in sections. All pressure loss units in meters water column (mwc)
Ksing_section
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Ps_section
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Pf_section
#VALUE!
0
#VALUE!
0.0
Pothers
Psection
#VALUE!
Psuccion
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Pimpulsion
#VALUE!
mwc
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
mwc
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
0.0
#VALUE!
Rev. cjc. 18.03.2015

Validation list
Do not delete
h section
6
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
0.0
0.0
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
2.- Pressure loss calculation routine, for slurry

Input data for pressure loss calculation routine
Pipe nominal diameter (CS)
Pipe schedule
Particle diameter d50
dn
sch =
d50 =
Volumetric concentration
Cv =
Solid's specific weight
SS =
Lining and deposition thickness
slining
Nominal diameter
Shedule
Exterior diameter
Pipe thickness
data
data
de = Pipe_Imp_CS_Dext_dn
Lining thickness
Interior diameter
data
di = Pipe_Imp_CS_Dint_dn_sch
Area
Absolute rugosity
Relative rugosity
A = (/4) * di^2
data
Rrel = Rabs / di
Extracted flow
Volumetric flow Qi = Qi-1 - Qextr
data
Qi = Qi-1 - Qextr
s = Pipe_Imp_CS_Thickness_dn_sch
Flow velocity
v = Q/ A
Limit deposition velocity

Reynolds
Friction coefficient
Velocity ratio
Kinematic pressure.
Darcy unit loss
Section length
Re = v * di /
f = Pipe_Friction_Factor_Rrel_Re
hv = v/(2*g)
J = f*(1/d)*hv
Friction pressure loss in section
hv = v/(2*g)
J = f*(1/d)*hv
data
Pf_sect = J * L
Singularidades
Valor promedio del factor de friccin
Tee stright, STD
Tee branch, STD (90)
Curve 90 (5D)
[12]
[12]
[12]
Curve 45(5D)
Curve 90 (3D)
Curve 45(3D)
Elbow 90 STD
Elbow 45 STD
Reduction. = d1/d2 (Note 1)
[12]
[12]
[12]
[12]
[12]
Expansion. = d1/d2
[12]
[6]
[6]
[5]
[3]
[3]
[10]
[1]
[2]
[2]
[4]
[9]
[8]
[11]
[12]
[12]
[12]
(Note 1)
Diaphragm valve (Weir K = f(dn)

Diaphragm valve (Thru) K = f(dn)
Pinch valve
K = f(dn)
Knife valve
K = f(dn)
Knife valve
K = f(dn)
Cone valve
K = f(dn)
Ball valve
K = f(dn)
K = f(dn)
K = f(dn)
Globe valve
K = f(dn)
Angular valve (90)
K = f(dn)
Check valve
K = f(dn)
Y-Filter
K = f(dn)
Pipe inlet (r/D = 0)
Pipe outlet
Other
Other
Note 1. d2 is the largest diameter
g=
9.80665
m/s
4
STD
in
-
Pipe absolute rugosity

Kinematic viscosity
Rabs =
145
mm
Water flow rate
20.10
Inlet section lenght
Q=
Linlet =
2.65
Outlet sectio lenght
Loutlet =
mm
Suction
p_CS_Dext_dn
p_CS_Thickness_dn_sch
mp_CS_Dint_dn_sch
dn
in
de
s
slining
mm
mm
1
4
STD
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
mm
mm
m
m
mm
-
9
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
0.15
#VALUE!
m/h
m/h
m/s
37.5
#VALUE!
m/s
-
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
J
L
m
m
m/m
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
5
Pf_section
#VALUE!
Inlet
Kinlet
di
di
A
Rabs
Rrel
Qextr
Q
v
vL
Re
f
v/vL
ction_Factor_Rrel_Re
hv
fav =
L/d =
L/d =
L/d =
#VALUE!
20
60
15
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Outlet
L/d =
L/d =
L/d =
L/d =
L/d =
7.5
11
6.4
30
16.0
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
0.88
dn =
dn =
dn =
dn =
dn =
dn =
dn =
dn =
dn =
dn =
dn =
dn =
dn =
#VALUE!
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
0.50
1.00
1.00
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
Resume of singular and frictional losses en sections. All pr

Singular losses in sections
Singular losses in section
Ps_tramo= Ksing_tramo*hv =
Friction losses in sections
Other losses in sections

Sum of losses in sectionsos
Psection = P
Suction losses
Discharge losses
Total losses
P = PsuccionPimpulsion
For pump selection, see "piping-tools.net":
Pumps_Froth_Selection_Warman
Pumps_Heterogeneous_Slurries_Type_A_Warman
Pumps_Slurry_Selection_Typical_Warman
Pump inlet diameter dp_in

dp_in =
0.15
1.3E-06
mm
[m/s]
37.5
m/h
400
3 1/2
Pump outlet diameter dp_ou

dp_out =
in
dout =
din =
Sch =
STD
Sch =
-
0.0104297694
Discharge
3
4
STD
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
9
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
0.15
#VALUE!
0
37.5
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
400
#VALUE!
Koutlet
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Input the number of singularities in each section

1
1
3
3
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
26
1
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
0.50
1.00
1
2
1
1
1
1
r and frictional losses en sections. All pressure loss units in meters pulp column (mpc)
Ksing_section
#VALUE!
0.0
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Ps_section
#VALUE!
0.00
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Pf_section
#VALUE!
0.00
#VALUE!
0.00
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
0.00
Pothers
Ptramo
#VALUE!
0.00
Psuccion
#VALUE!
mpc
#VALUE!
mpc
Pimpulsion
n_Warman
us_Slurries_Type_A_Warman
us_Slurries_Type_A_Warman
on_Typical_Warman
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
mpc
#VALUE!
Rev. cjc. 18.03.2015

Validation list
Do not delete
mp outlet diameter dp_out

4
in
in
STD
h section
6
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
0.00
0.00
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Water and slurry curves.
Durand limit velocity
According Weir empirical method [10]
For validity range, see Note 1
Mc Ewans and Cave correction factor
FL =
d50 =
Input data
Following data is required to draw the
Cv =
curves
in
Cv =
4
STD
145
20.1
SS =
2.65
slining =
9
0.0104
#VALUE!
mm
Q=
P =
vmax =
m/s
dn
sch =
d50 =
Limit deposition velocity according JRI [3]
mm
d50 =
Cv =
dn
m/s
mwc
Inside diameter with lining

d - 2 * slining
di =
Ss =
slining =
vL = Slurry_Limit_Deposition_Velocity_Lining_JRI_Imp_d50_Cv_
vL =
Slurry flow velocity
v=
where slining is the sum of the lining pipe
QP=
and the deposition film
A=
v=
Inside pipe diameter

d=
Pipe_Imp_CS_Dint_dn_sch
d=
#VALUE!
mm
slining =
mm
di =
#VALUE!
mm
di =
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Limiting flow rate
QL =
vL =
Area of pipe section
A=
di =
A=
(/4)*di^2
A=
QL =
#VALUE!
m
#VALUE! m
Water system curve constant

The system curve for water is
Note 1. The method is valid
for Hestat.tot = 0
P =
C * Q^2
thus, the water system constant is

P / Q^2
C=
From input data, the water pressure drop is

#VALUE!
p =
and the flow rate (QP = Qw) is
QP =
0.0104
C=
#VALUE!
mwc
m3/s
then
-
From page 4 of Sheet 6, the flow rate at point "c" is
[3]
calculated from equatio (i)
(Ec. i)
Qc2 C
Qc C
Qb
Qc
Qc 2
Qc C
Qb
Qb
Qc
This equation is solved with the function

Function Qc_C_Qb_Pb(C,Qb,Pb)
Using an auxiliar variable
z=
(Qc*C)/(Qc-Qb)
The equation to be solved is

Zero = Qc^2*(C-z) +2*Qc*Qb*(z) - Qb^2*(z)-Pb
The equation is solved using the function
Qc =
Qc_C_Qb_Pb(C,Qb,Pb)
C=
Qb =
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
m3/h
Pb =
#VALUE!
mca
Qc =
#VALUE!
m3/h
Figure 6.2.- Heterogeneous slurry
70.00
60.00
Friction head loss Hf [m ]
Qa= QL
50.00
DP=C*Q
Qb=Cb*Q L
Qc=Cc*QL
40.00
Slurry resistance
Q
30.00
QL*1.1
20.00
Pa
Pactual
10.00
-0.0100
0.00
0.000 0
0.010 0
Flowrat e Q [ m3 /s]
0.020 0
Qc C
2
Qb pb 0
Qb
Qc
Pulp resistance curve [mpc]
H = r*Q^2 + s*Q + t
Minimum pressure
drop Pa = Pb
C=
#VALUE!
Water curve
C=
Limiting flowrate
Qa = QL
p = C * Q
m /s
m fc
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
m3/s
0
0.001
0.002
0.003
0.004
0.005
0.006
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
0.007
0.008
0.009
0.01
0.012
0.014
0.016
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
C=
#VALUE!
r=
#VALUE!
s=
t=
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Limiting flow rate

QL =
vL * A
vL =
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
A=
QL =
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
m/s
m2
1.1 * QL =
#VALUE!
m/s
m3/s
Subroutine for the pressure loss, for the actual flow in metres of pulp column
For
Q < 1.1 * QL,
deposition will occur
For
1.1 * QL < Q <= Qc
Pulp curve is to be used

For
QL =
P=
r * Q^2 + s * Q + t
Q > Qc
Water curve is to be used
P=
C * Q^2
Flow "1.1 * QL"

1.1 * QL =
#VALUE!
m3/s
Qc =
#VALUE!
m3/s
Flow at point "c"
#VALUE!
Actual flow
Q=
0.0104
m3/s
Slurry curve
P=
r=
s=
t=
C=
P=
P=
r * Q^2 + s * Q + t, C *Q^2
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
SI( Q<=Qc, r * Q^2 + s * Q + t,
#VALUE!
mpc
C *Q^2)
3.- Weir method for slurry pump selection for A-type fluids
Ratio QP/QL
nd limit velocity
QP =
0.0104
m3/s
QL =
#VALUE!
m3/s
Q /QL =
#VALUE!
wans and Cave correction factor

Pipe_Fl_McElvain_d50_Cv(d50,Cv)
m
145
OK. d50 within range
20.1
%
OK. Cv within range
#VALUE!
Points "A" y "B"
eposition velocity according JRI [3]
145
20.1
Flowe rate and pressure in point "A"
in
Point "A" is defined as the point in the
Water curtve, where the flow rate
mm
coincides with the limiting flow rate.
2.65
9
Thus
rry_Limit_Deposition_Velocity_Lining_JRI_Imp_d50_Cv_dn_Ss_Slining
#VALUE!
m/s
.
y flow velocity
QP / A
0.0104
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
QA =
QL
QL =
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
QA =
m/s
m/s
m /s
Since the water curve is a parabola
m
m/s
and in this case the total static
height has been defined as zero, the

parabola equation is
#VALUE!
UE!
P=
C * Q^2
For the point "A"

PA =
C * QA^2
ing flow rate
vL * A
#VALUE!
Flow rate in point "B"
m/s
m2
Experience data indicates that the pulp
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
m /s
a flow rate defined by a value "CB",
resistance curve has its lowest point at
e 1. The method is valid for the Weir defined type-A fluids. See sheet Ref. Type-A
From pages 3 to 5, sheet 6, [3]

the pulp curve is
Pressure at point "A"

QA =
QL
QA =
PA =
H = r*Q^2 + s*Q + t
with
Qc C
Qc Qb
r=
C * Qc / (Qc - Qb)
C=
QA =
#VALUE!
PA =
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Pressure at point "B"

PB =
PA =
C=
#VALUE!
Qc =
#VALUE!
PA =
#VALUE!
Qb =
#VALUE!
PB =
#VALUE!
r=
#VALUE!
The constant "Cc"
s 2 r Qb
#VALUE!
C * Qa^2
Relating the flow at point "C" to the

limiting flow "QL" with the pameter "C
s=
- 2 * r * Qb
r=
#VALUE!
Qc =
Cc * QL
Qb =
#VALUE!
Cc =
Qc / Q L
s=
#VALUE!
Qc =
#VALUE!
QL =
#VALUE!
Cc =
#VALUE!
2
=Q c(
t=
C r ) sQ c
Qc^2*(C - r) - s*Qc
Qc =
#VALUE!
C=
#VALUE!
r=
s=
t=
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Pressure at point "C"

PC =
r*Q^2 + s*Q + t
Qc =
#VALUE!
r=
s=
t=
PC =
Thus, the parabola constants for the

slurry curve are:
r=
#VALUE!
s=
#VALUE!
t=
#VALUE!
Water resistance
curve [mwc]
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Water resistance
curve [mwc]
P w =CQ
Actual flow rate

value Q
Actual pressure
drop P [mpc]
Qc = 1.43 * QL
Q = 1.1 * QL
Limiting flowrate QL
Flowrate Qb = 0.7 * QL
#VALUE!
C=
ing flowrate
QL * 1.1
#VALUE!
Flow rate at point"B"
Qb =Cb * QL
p
m fc
m fc
0.00
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
10.00
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
20.00
20.00
#VALUE!
24
#VALUE!
28
#VALUE!
QL * 1.1
m /s
m fc
0.00
10.00
20.00
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Minimum pressure drop
Actual pressure drop
p = pa
Pa
m /s
mpc
m3/s
0.000
0.010
0.015
0.020
0.025
0.030
0.035
0.040
0.042
0.045
0.050
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
0.000
0.010
0.015
0.020
0.025
0.030
0.035
0.040
0.042
0.045
0.050
Slurry_Weir_A_DeltaP_d50_Cw_dn_Ss_Pw_Slining(d50, Cw, Dn, Ss, Q, P
#VALUE!
m3/s
Use of function DeltaP

The shown subroutine calculation can be repalced by the function DeltaP
Input data for the function DeltaP
DeltaP = Slurry_Weir_A_DeltaP_d50_Cw_dn_Ss_Pw_Slining(D368, D369, D370, D371, D372, D373,
d50 =
145
Cw =
40
dn=
in
Ss =
2.65
Q=
Pw =
0.01043
m3/s
#VALUE!
mwc
slining =
mm
Function result (Note 1)
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
DeltaP =
#VALUE!
msc
Note 1. Correction "DeltaP" required

to be applied only if
1.1 * QL
1.4 * QL
< Q <=
This condition is equivalent to
< Q/QL <=
1.1
In this application
Q=
0.0104
QL =
#VALUE!
Q/QL =
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
1.4
m/s
m/s
Rev. cjc. 21.01.2014
QB =
CB * QL
whith CB =
0.7
Thus, with
CB =
0.7
and
QL =
#VALUE!
m/s
the value of the limit flow is

QL =
#VALUE!
m3/s
and QB =
#VALUE!
m3/s
Pressure in point "B"

According "Weir" asumption, it should be
PB =
PA
If the total static height is not zero, the

parabola equation shall be
P=
Hstat_tot + C * Q^2
Total static height

ELsuc =
0.0
Elpump =
0.0
ELdisch =
Hstat.tot =
0.0
ELdesc - Elsuc
Hstat.tot =
0.000
Weight concentration
Cw =
Ss =
Ss*Cv / ( 1 + Ss*Cv - Cv )
2.65
Cv =
0.20
Cw =
0.40
Cw =
40
2
The ratio Qc / QL is
Qc / Q L =
m3/s
Qc =
#VALUE!
QL =
#VALUE!
Qc / Q L =
#VALUE!
m /s
3
Warman indicates a value

Qc / Q L =
1.3
as an approximate value
The reason being that up a value of 1.3,
m ca
both water and slurry curves are
m ca
practically the same (see Fig. 6.2)

For this application, the ratio Q / QL is
int "C" to the

he pameter "CC"
Q / QL =
Q=
0.0104
m3/s
QL =
#VALUE!
m3/s
Q / QL =
#VALUE!
m3/s
m3/s
m3/s
According Weir, at flows over "Qc" the

slurry curve and the water curve should
be similar. Thus, for Q > QC, the pressure
can be calcualted using the water curve,
^2 + s*Q + t
m /s
3
expressed in metres of slurry column and

no correction is required.
On the other hand, the flow should not
be lower than the limiting value "1.1*QL"
to ensure no deposition will occcur.

Thus, a correction will be only required
in the range
1.1 * QL < Q < 1.4 * QL
Graphic is for static height equal zero
Actual flow rate

value Q
Actual pressure
drop P [mpc]
3 * QL
QL
flowrate QL
Qb = 0.7 * QL
C=
Actual flow rate
0.0104
Q
m /s
3
0.0104
0.0104
0.0104
0.0104
0.0104
0.0104
0.0104
#VALUE!
Flow rate at point"c"
Qc =Cc * QL
#VALUE!
m fc
0.00
25.00
50.00
75.00
100.00
125.00
150.00
m /s
m fc
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
35.00
40.00
45.00
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
0.0104
0.0104
0.0104
0.0104
0.0104
0.0104
175.00
200.00
225.00
250.00
275.00
800.00
Actual pressure drop
Slurry resistance curve
H = r*Q^2 + s*Q + t
Pactual
mpc
m /s
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
0.002
0.004
0.006
0.008
0.010
0.012
0.014
0.016
m cf
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
cjc.Rev. 1213.11.2012
Rev. cjc. 18.03.2015
_Pw_Slining(d50, Cw, Dn, Ss, Q, P, Slining)
e repalced by the function DeltaP
The slurry pressure is then,

.
P=
Pw + DeltaP
with
Pw: the pressure calculated as the fluid
was water
Pw =
#VALUE!
mwc
and
DeltaP: the difference between the
pressures for slurry and water,
measured in metres of pulp column,
corresponding to the actual flow

DeltaP =
#VALUE!
msc
Thus, the slurry pressure is

P=
#VALUE!
msc
Checking of ranges:
OK. d50 within range

OK. Cv within range
These ranges correspond to the by Weir
defined type-A fluid
Note.
When using the standard method (sheet 2)
the pressure head is
msc
#VALUE!
P=
Between both methods there is a difference of
Pdifference =
#VALUE!
msc
#VALUE!
%
Figure 6.2.- Heterogeneous slurry

70.00
Friction hea d loss Hf [m ]
60.00
50.00
C
40.00
30.00
B
20.00
10.00
-0.0100
0.00
Flowrate Q [m3/s]
0.0000
0.0100
0.020 0
Pulp flow in circular, semicircular or rectangular channels, with three sizing options and co
M000-301
302
Reference drawing :
Flow number :
Review:
ms =
2200
Ratio max. flow to nom. flow
Qmax / Qnom =
Ratio min. flow to nom. flow
Qmin / Qnom =
1.20
0.7
Solids mass flow rate
s =
Solids density
Medium value of the PSD
(1)
Liquid density
Mannings' coefficient
(2)
Slope
Lining thickness
Froth factor
Design factor
Temperature
Absolute rugosity of lining
Chann height (if rectg or semicirc)
t/h
-
Cw =
d50 =
2.66
27.46%
60
L =
1000
N=
0.0130
S=
sLining =
0.020
m/m
mm
FF =
1.0
1.0
18
1.3
DF =
t=
Rabs =
Hchann =
1.5
t/m3
m
kg/m
-
C
mm
m
Channel type:
Circular
Flow with froth
Flow w. froth
d or B
m /s
Minimum
Nominal
1.29
1.84
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Maximum
2.21
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Selected dimensioning option:
Note 1. PSD: Particle size distribution

Note 2. This input is a reference value. It does not consider the influence of the pipe rugosity (Rabs), the fluid viscosity (
Note 3. If selected combination of nominal diameter and Schedule for carbon steel pipe does not exist, no solution will be available (and no messa
Note 4. Annex A shows the steps required for the calculation of the Manning coefficient.
Flow rates:
Minimum
Nominal
Maximum
Deposition:
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Solution for circular channels using the

N=
S=
Manning coefficient
Slope
Circular channel
Flow w. froth
Flow with froth
m /s
Minimum
Nominal
1.29
1.84
1.657
1.657
Maximum
2.21
1.657
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Annex A. Manning coefficient calculation for a circular channel
Q=
d=
N=
S=
A=
A=
v=
Q=
A=
v=
Rh =
Rh =
Rrel =
Rabs =
Rh =
Rrel =
P =
1.29
#VALUE!
0.013
0.01293
m3/s
m
m/m
Channel_Circular_Area_Q_D_N_S
#VALUE!
Q/A
1.29
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
m
m3/s
m
m/s
Channel_Circular_Hydraulic_Radius_Q_D_N_S
#VALUE!
Rabs / (4*Rh)
1.3
mm
#VALUE! mm
#VALUE!
Slurry_Visc_Thomas_Cw_Ss_RhoL_t
P =
#VALUE!
g=
9.80665
m/s
m/s
This file corresponds to following file in

piping-tools.net
Channel. 2.- Three channel types. Three_sizing_options. Constan
Carbon steel pipes

dn
in
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
1/ 2
3/ 4
1
1 1/ 2
2
3
4
5
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
Sc -
5
10
20
30
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
STD
XS
XXS
6.35
7.14
7.92
8.74
9.53
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
46
48
54
60
66
72
78
84
90
96
102
108
120
144
10.31
11.13
11.91
12.7
14.27
15.88
16.66
17.48
19.05
22.23
25.4
three sizing options and constant Manning's coefficient (file Channel 3)

Nominal flow
Qnom =
Maximum flow
Qmax =
Minimum flow
Solids specific weight
m3/h
Eq. 1
m3/h
Eq. 2
Qmin =
6,639
7,967
4,647
m3/h
Eq. 3
Ss =
2.66
Pulp density
P =
1.21
t/m
Cv =
12.46
Eq. 6
Pulp kinematic viscosity
P =
#VALUE!
m/s
Eq. 7
Mc Elvain & Cave factor
FL =
#VALUE!
Eq. 4
3
Eq. 1
Qnom =
(mp /( P *Cw )) * FF * DF
Eq. 2
Qmax =
Qnom * Qmax / Qnom * FF * DF
Eq. 3
Qmin =
Qnom * Qmin / Qnom * FF * DF
Eq. 4
Ss =
s / L
Eq. 5
P =
(1/1000) * (L*Ss)/(Cw+(1-Cw)*Ss)
Eq. 6
Cv =
100 * Cw /(Cw + (1-Cw) * Ss)
Eq. 7
P =
Slurry_Visc_Thomas_Cw_Ss_RhoL_t
Eq. 8
FL =
Slurry_Fl_McElvain_d50_Cv
Eq. 9
f=
Pipe_Friction_Factor_Rrel_Re
Eq. 10
N=
Pipe_Manning_coefficient_Channel_Rh_Rabs_Re
Eq. 11
Re =
v * (4 * Rh) /
d dimensioning option:
Eq. 5
Eq. 8
Table uses single functions
Option1
Froude
Rh
m/s
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
he fluid viscosity (P), nor the degree of fullness of the pipe (Rh). For a more accurate result, this input value can be repalced by the respective calculated values.
t, no solution will be available (and no messages will be given).
HtoD ratio, for circular channels and

Freeboard "FB" for semicircular and
rectangular channels. FB = Hchann - H
Hn/D =
Hn/D =
Hn/D =
Channel_Circular_Matrix_Q_D_N_S = Arra
on for circular channels using the matrix function
0.0130
0.0200
m/m
Fr
Rh
m/s
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Re =
v=
Rh =
v * (4*Rh) /
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
for a circular channel
Radius_Q_D_N_S
P =
Re =
m/s
m
m/s
-
f=
Pipe_Friction_Factor_Rrel_Re
Rrel =
Re =
f=
#VALUE!
#VALUE! #VALUE!
-
N=
f=
Rh =
N=
N=
Rh =
Rabs =
Re =
N=
Data
N=
(f * Rh ^ (1 / 3) / (8 * g)) ^ 0.5
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Pipe_Manning_coefficient_Channel_Rh_Rabs_Re
#VALUE!
1.3
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
0.01300
m
mm
-
Three_sizing_options. Constant_Manning_coefficient
Dimension options for circular, semicircular and rectangular channels (3)

Circular and semiciercular channels:
Option1
Option2
Option3
dn (in) =
Nominal diameter, CS. pipe
48
60
66
Schedule
Rectangular channels:
Interior channel width
Sch (-) =
STD
STD
STD
Bint (mm) =
1300
1400
1500
Selected dimension option:
Selected data
Option1
dn (in) =
48
in
Sch (-) =
STD
Bint (mm) =
1300
mm
Channel type selection

Available channel types:
Circular
Selected channel type:
H/D
%
T
m
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Semicircular
Rectangular
Circular
fi
Qmax
rad
m /s
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Eq. 11
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
g=
9.80665
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Re
(4)
e calculated values.
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
%
%
%
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
atrix_Q_D_N_S = Array(H, A, v, E, Fr, P, Rh, t, HtoD, fi, Qmax)
T
m
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
HtoD
%
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
fi
Qmax
rad
m3/s
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Rev. cjc. 18.03.2015
Modules included
Data sheets included
vd
v/vd
hv
-.
m/s
v / vd
m
v/(2*g)
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
m/s
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Pulp flow in Circular Semicircular & Rectangular channels. Array & single func
Data
Solid's mass flow rate
ms =
2,500
t/h
Cw =
27%
Solids's density
s =
2,630
kg/m
Liquid's density
L=
1,000
kg/m
Temperature
t=
d50 =
18
65
Mat_C :
CS
dn =
48
in
Sch =
STD
Particles size, d50

Pipe material
Note 1
Pipe nominal diameter

Pipe shedule
Channel width (for Rectg Ch.)
Note 2
B=
1.2
Channel Height (for Rectg Ch.)
Note 2
Hchannel =
1.5
Mat_rev :
Rubber
Lining thickness
slining =
12.7
mm
Absolute rugosity of lining
Rabs =
0.5
mm
Froth factor
Factor for medium flow (Qmed=Qdis*Fmed)
FF =
Fmed =
1.1
0.758
Factor of minimum flow Qmin=Qdis*Fmin)
Fmin =
0.530
Design factor
FD =
1.2
S=
0.013
(HtoDim)max =
(v/vL)min =
(v)max =
0.8
1.1
4.3
m/s
Lining material
Slope
Max. allowed "H to Dim" ratio

Note 3
Minimum value of the ratio "v/vL"
Maximum value of the flow velocity
m/m
Circular Channels (Array function)

Maximum flow for a circular channel with interior diameter D
d or B
Rh
m/s
2.770
m
#VALUE!
m
#VALUE!
m
#VALUE!
m
###
m/s
#VALUE!
#VALUE! #VALUE!
Medium flow for a circular channel with interior diameter D
Q
m/s
d
m
A
m
Rh
m
H
m
2.099
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
###
V
m/s
#VALUE!
#VALUE! #VALUE!
Minimum flow for a circular channel with interior diameter D
Rh
m/s
1.469
m
#VALUE!
m
#VALUE!
m
#VALUE!
m
###
m/s
#VALUE!
#VALUE! #VALUE!
For circular channles

#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Rectangular Channels (Array function)

Maximum flow for a rectangular channel of dimensions B and Hchannel
Q
Rh
m/s
2.770
m
1.200
m
#VALUE!
m
#VALUE!
m
###
m/s
#VALUE!
#VALUE! #VALUE!
Medium flow for a rectangular channel of dimensions B and Hchannel

Q
Rh
m/s
2.099
m
1.200
m
#VALUE!
m
#VALUE!
m
###
m/s
#VALUE!
#VALUE! #VALUE!
Minimum flow for a rectangular channel of dimensions B and Hchannel

Q
Rh
m/s
1.469
m
1.200
m
#VALUE!
m
#VALUE!
m
###
m/s
#VALUE!
#VALUE! #VALUE!
For rectangular channles

#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
SemiCircular Channels (Array function)

Maximum flow for a semicircularr channel of dimensions B (B = D) and Hchannel
Q
Rh
m/s
2.770
m
1.200
m
#VALUE!
m
#VALUE!
m
###
m/s
#VALUE!
#VALUE! #VALUE!
Medium flow for a semicircularr channel of dimensions B (B = D ) and Hchannel

Q
Rh
m/s
2.099
m
1.200
m
#VALUE!
m
#VALUE!
m
###
m/s
#VALUE!
#VALUE! #VALUE!
Minimum flow for a semicircularr channel of dimensions B (B = D ) and Hchannel

Q
Rh
m/s
1.469
m
1.200
m
#VALUE!
m
#VALUE!
m
###
m/s
#VALUE!
#VALUE! #VALUE!
For semicircular channles

#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Notes
Note 1. If the pipe material is not carbon steel with dimensions according ASME B31.3, the exterior diameter (Eq. 1) and
shall be entered manualy.
Note 2. Input dimension of Width and Height for the case of rectangular channels (Lined dimension).
Note 3. For circular channels "Dim" corresponds to the "diameter" . Thus the ratio (HtoD)max is the maximum allowable
For semicircular and rectangular channels, "Dim" corresponds to the given channel heigt "Hchannel". Thus the ratio is t
ratio H to the given channel height "(HtoHchannel)max"
Matrix functions included in the document are:

ChannelCircularNvar_Prop_HtoDmax_Qm3s_Dm_S_Rabsmm_temp_Cw_Ss_d50Mic
ChanelRectangularNvar_Prop_HtoDmax_Qm3s_Dm_S_Rabsmm_tC_Cw_Ss_d50Mic
ChannelSemiCircularNvar_Prop_HtoHchannelMax_Qm3s_Bm_HchannelM_S_Rabsmm_temp_Cw_S
These are a functions for circular, rectangular and semicircular channels, with variable Manning'
In this applications, the property identifying parameter "Prop" has been set to "Matrix".Thus, the
Limit deposition velocity is calculated according JRI [1], using the function shown with Eq. 16
Viscosity ratio is calculated according Thomas, equation (1965) [4], using the function shown wi
For rectangular channels, Max flow "Qmax" is for the height corresponding to the maximum valu
In addition to the three mentioned matrix functions, following single functions are included:
16 single functions for circular channel, with variable Manning coefficient
16 single functions for semicircular channel, with variable Manning coefficient
16 single functions for rectangular channel, with variable Manning coefficient
- For constant Manning coefficient see: piping-tools.net, document:
Channel. 2.- Three channel types. Three_sizing_options. Constant_Manning_coefficient
Channel. 3.- Channels resume. Constant_Manning_coefficient
Rev. cjc. 18.03.2015
hannels. Array & single functions. Variable Manning's coefficient (Channel 5).
Solids specific gravity
Ss =
Pipe exterior diameter
de =
Pipe thickness
s=
Lined pipe interior diameter
di =
2.63
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Pulp mass flow rate

Pulp density
mP =
9.1E+06
mm
mm
mm
kg/h
p =
1,205.1
kg/m3
Eq.
Eq.
Eq.
Eq.
Eq.
m/h
Eq. 6
Pulp volumetric flow rate
Qcalc =
7,555
Cv =
12.6%
Design pulp flow rate
Qdis =
9,972
m/h
Eq. 8
Maximum flow
Qmax =
9,972
m/h
Eq. 9
Medium flow
Qmed =
7,555
m/h
Eq. 10
Minimum flow
Qmin =
5,288
m/h
Eq. 11
Relative rugosity
Rrel =
Kinematic pulp viscosity

Manning
vL =
Limit deposition velosity
Fr
p =
Re =
N=
Reynolds number
1
2
3
4
5
HtoD
Eq. 7
#VALUE! #VALUE! m/s

#VALUE!
#VALUE! #VALUE! m/s
g=
9.81
Re
Eq.
Eq.
Eq.
Eq.
Eq.
12
13
14
15
16
m/s
Qmax
vL
m
m/s
m/s
#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
E
m
Fr
-
f
-
HtoD
-
Re
-
N
-
Qmax
m/s
vL
m/s

#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
E
Fr
HtoD
Re
Qmax
vL
m
m/s
m/s
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Fr
HtoHchannel
m
#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
Re
#VALUE!
Qmax
#VALUE!
Fr
HtoHchannel
m
Re
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Qmax
Fr
HtoHchannel
Re
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Qmax
Fr
HtoHchannel
m
Re
#VALUE!
vL
m/s
m/s
#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
#VALUE!
vL
m/s
m/s
#VALUE!
m
vL
m/s
m/s
#VALUE!
Qmax
vL
m/s
m/s
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Fr
HtoHchannel
m
Re
#VALUE!
Qmax
m/s
m/s
#VALUE!
Fr
HtoHchannel
m
Re
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Qmax
vL
m/s
m/s
#VALUE!
the exterior diameter (Eq. 1) and the tickness (Eq. 2)
d dimension).
)max is the maximum allowable ratio Height to Diameter.
t "Hchannel". Thus the ratio is the maximum alowable
_Ss_d50Mic
w_Ss_d50Mic
M_S_Rabsmm_temp_Cw_Ss_d50Mic
els, with variable Manning's coefficient , calculated with Eq. 15

n set to "Matrix".Thus, the outputs are a matrix and in this case with "13 elements"
tion shown with Eq. 16
ing the function shown with Eq. 13.
ding to the maximum value of the ratio Height to Hchannel "(HtoDim)max"
unctions are included:
vL
#VALUE!
Click on the plus sign (+)

to Unhide or in the minus
sign (-) to Hide the
Equations and information
v/vL
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
v/vL
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
v/vL
ChannelCircu
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
v/vL
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
v/vL
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
v/vL
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
v/vL
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
v/vL
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
v/vL
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Pressure loss coefficients for Valves and Fittings

Nominal diameter in Imperial Units
1.- Ball valves
K=
dn =
K=
Pipe_Valve_Ball_Imp_K_dn
6
in
#VALUE!
-
2.- Butterfly valves Bray 2021
K=
dn =
K=
Pipe_Valve_Butterfly_Bray2021_Imp_K_dn
2
in
#VALUE!
-
K=
dn =
K=
Pipe_Valve_Butterfly_Bray3031_Imp_K_dn
6
in
#VALUE!
-
3.- Knife valves
K=
dn =
K=
Pipe_Valve_Knife_Imp_K_dn
2
in
#VALUE!
-
4.- Globe valves
k=
d=
k=
Pipe_Valve_Globe_Imp_K_dn
2
in
#VALUE!
5.- Pinch valves
Pipe_Valve_Pinch_Imp_K_dn
d=
2
in
K=
#VALUE!
6.- Diaphragm valves

Weir type
Unlined
K=
dn =
K=
Pipe_Valve_Diaphragm_Weir_Imp_K_dn
6
in
#VALUE!

Weir type
Lined
K=
dn =
K=
Pipe_Valve_Diaphragm_Weir_Lined_Imp_K_dn
6
in
#VALUE!

Straight_Thru
Unlined
K=
dn =
K=
Pipe_Valve_Diaphragm_Straight_Thru_Imp_K_dn
6
in
#VALUE!

Straight_Thru
Lined
K=
dn =
K=
Pipe_Valve_Diaphragm_Straight_Thru_Lined_Imp_
6
in
#VALUE!
7.- Round plug valve
K=
dn =
K=
Pipe_Valve_Plug_Round_Imp_K_dn
6
in
#VALUE!
7.- Rectangular plug valve
K=
dn =
K=
Pipe_Valve_Plug_Rectg_Imp_K_dn
6
in
#VALUE!
8.- Check valves
K=
dn =
K=
Pipe_Valve_Check_Imp_K_dn
2
in
#VALUE!
-
dn =
K=
Pipe_Valve_Angle_Imp_K_dn
4
in
#VALUE!
10.- Cone valve
K=
dn =
K=
Pipe_Valve_Cone_Imp_K_dn
6
in
#VALUE!
-
11.- Strainers
K=
dn =
K=
Pipe_Y_strainer_Imp_K_dn
6
in
#VALUE!
-
9.- Angle valves
12.- Expansion/Reduction
Gradual expansion ( = 30)

=
0.7
K2_ = 30 =
#VALUE!
Gradual reduction ( = 30)

=
0.7
K2_ = 30 =
0.700
Gradual expansion ( = 45)

=
0.7
K2_ = 45 =
#VALUE!
Gradual reduction ( = 45)

=
0.7
K2_ = 45 =
#VALUE!
Nominal diameter in SI Units

K=
dn =
K=
Pipe_Valve_Ball_SI_K_dn
150
mm
#VALUE!
-
y_Bray2021_Imp_K_dn
K=
dn =
K=
Pipe_Valve_Butterfly_Bray2021_SI_K_dn
150
mm
#VALUE!
-
y_Bray3031_Imp_K_dn
K=
dn =
K=
Pipe_Valve_Butterfly_Bray3031_SI_K_dn
150
mm
#VALUE!
-
K=
dn =
K=
Pipe_Valve_Knife_SI_K_dn
150
mm
#VALUE!
-
k=
d=
k=
Pipe_Valve_Globe_SI_K_dn
150
mm
#VALUE!
k=
d=
K=
Pipe_Valve_Pinch_SI_K_dn
150
mm
#VALUE!
agm_Weir_Imp_K_dn
K=
dn =
K=
Pipe_Valve_Diaphragm_Weir_SI_K_dn
150
mm
#VALUE!
agm_Weir_Lined_Imp_K_dn
K=
dn =
K=
Pipe_Valve_Diaphragm_Weir_Lined_SI_K_dn
150
mm
#VALUE!
agm_Straight_Thru_Imp_K_dn
K=
dn =
K=
Pipe_Valve_Diaphragm_Straight_Thru_SI_K_d
150
mm
#VALUE!
agm_Straight_Thru_Lined_Imp_K_dn
K=
dn =
K=
Pipe_Valve_Diaphragm_Straight_Thru_Lined_S
150
mm
#VALUE!
Round_Imp_K_dn
Rectg_Imp_K_dn
K=
dn =
K=
mm
K=
dn =
K=
150
mm
K=
dn =
K=
Pipe_Valve_Check_SI_K_dn
50
mm
#VALUE!
-
K=
dn =
K=
Pipe_Y_strainer_SI_K_dn
150
mm
#VALUE!
-
Expansion
=
K2_ = 30 =
0.7
0.729
Reduction
=
K2_ = 30 =
0.7
0.440
Expansion
=
K2_ = 45 =
0.7
1.083
Reduction
=
K2_ = 45 =
0.7
0.650
ly_Bray2021_SI_K_dn
ly_Bray3031_SI_K_dn
agm_Weir_SI_K_dn
agm_Weir_Lined_SI_K_dn
agm_Straight_Thru_SI_K_dn
agm_Straight_Thru_Lined_SI_K_dn
Rev. cjc. 18.03.2015
7.- Widening and narrowing fittings

Abrupt and gradual narrowing
d2
For reductions with = 30

0.8 * seno(/2) = 0.2070552
the coefficient is
K2 = 0.207055 * (1-b^2)/b^4
For a ratio
=
K2 =
0.7
0.440
Using the function for = 30

K2_ = 30 = Pipe_Reduction_Theta30gr_beta
for
=
K2_ = 30 =
0.7
#VALUE!
For the case of fittigs with = 45

0.8 * seno(/2) = 0.3061467
Using the function for = 45
K2_ = 45 = Pipe_Reduction_Theta45gr_beta
for
=
K2_ = 45 =
0.7
#VALUE!
[9]
Abrupt and gradual narrowing
d1
d1
d2
[9]
Abrupt and gradual widening

If <= 45
Formula 1
0 . 8 seno
K 2=
K2 =
=
=
K2 =
( 2 ))( 1
(0.8 * ( seno(radianes() ) * (1 - ^2)) /^4
45
0.7
0.65
0 . 5( 1 )
K 2=
=
K2 =
seno
( )
(0.5 * ( seno(radianes(/2) )^0.5 * (1 - ^2)) /^4
45
0.7
0.66
Note.
The subindex "2" indicates that the coefficient is
related to the kinematic pressure of the side with
greater diameter (d2)
Thus, the pressure loss will be calculated as
P K 2 _ 30
d1
d2
Formula 2
2
If 45 < <= 180
K2 =
v22
2 g
For expansions with

2.6 * seno(
the coefficient is
K2 = 0.67293 * (1-b^2)^2
For a ratio
=
K2 =
Using the function for

K2_ = 30 =
for
=
K2_ = 30 =
For the case of fittigs with

Using the function for
K2_ = 45 =
for
=
K2_ = 45 =
Abrupt and gradual widening
'20.- Pipe reductions and
'20.c
Function Pipe_Reduction_Th
Pipe_Reduction_Theta30gr_beta = 0.
End Function
'20.a
Function Pipe_Reduction_T
Pipe_Reduction_Theta45gr
End Function
'20.d
Function Pipe_Expansion_T
Pi = 3.14159
Pipe_Expansion_Theta30gr_beta = 2.
End Function
'20.b
Function Pipe_Expansion_T
Pipe_Expansion_Theta45gr
End Function
brupt and gradual widening

If <= 45
d1
d1
d2
d2
K2

2.6 seno
1
2
K2 =
=
=
K2 =
2.6 * seno(radianes(/2) ) * (1 - ^2)^
30
0.7
0.729
If 45 < <= 180
or expansions with = 30
2.6 * seno(/2) = 0.6729295
e coefficient is
= 0.67293 * (1-b^2)^2/b^4
2
K2
K2 =
=
0.7
0.729
sing the function for = 30

Pipe_Expansion_Theta30gr_beta
0.7
#VALUE!
or the case of fittigs with = 45

sing the function for = 45
Pipe_Expansion_Theta45gr_beta
0.7
#VALUE!
20.- Pipe reductions and expansions
K2 =
1
2
(1 - ^2)^2/^4
0.7
1.08
Note.
The subindex "2" indicates that the coeffic
related to the kinematic pressure of the side
greater diameter (d2)
Thus, the pressure loss will be calculated as
v22
P K 2 _ 30
2 g
unction Pipe_Reduction_Theta30gr_beta(beta)
pe_Reduction_Theta30gr_beta = 0.8 * Sin(0.523599 / 2) * (1 - beta ^ 2) / beta ^ 4
Reduction
=
K2_ = 30 =
nd Function
unction Pipe_Reduction_Theta45gr_beta(beta)
ipe_Reduction_Theta45gr_beta = 0.306147 * (1 - beta ^ 2) / beta ^ 4
nd Function
unction Pipe_Expansion_Theta30gr_beta(beta)
= 3.14159
Reduction
=
K2_ = 45 =
Expansion
=
K2_ = 30 =
pe_Expansion_Theta30gr_beta = 2.6 * Sin(30 / 2 * (Pi / 180)) * (1 - beta ^ 2) ^ 2 / beta ^ 4
nd Function
unction Pipe_Expansion_Theta45gr_beta(beta)
pe_Expansion_Theta45gr_beta = (1 - beta ^ 2) ^ 2 / beta ^ 4
nd Function
Expansion
=
K2_ = 45 =
Rev. cjc. 18.03.2015
Formula 3

seno
1
2
* seno(radianes(/2) ) * (1 - ^2)^2 /^4
Formula 4
- ^2)^2/^4
"2" indicates that the coefficient is

kinematic pressure of the side with
sure loss will be calculated as
v22
30
2 g
0.7
0.440
0.7
0.650
0.7
0.729
0.7
1.083
[3]
piping-tools.net
[9]
Crane Co., Flow of Fluids Through Valves, Fittings and Pipe. Technical Paper No. 410M, 21
[10]
Slurry pumping manual

Warman International Ltd.
1st edition, 2002
http://www.pumpfundamentals.com/slurry/WeirSlurryPumpingHandbook.pdf
[11]
Warman Slurry Pumping Handbook - AU
Warman International Ltd.

Feb. 2000
http://www.pumpfundamentals.com/slurry/Warman_slurry_pumping.pdf
Valve references
Also, strainers and Expansion/reduction, fittings
1.- Ball valves
http://info.jamesbury.com/public/publicdocs/Docs/T120-1.pdf
http://www.bray.com/docs/brochures/20.pdf
http://www.bray.com/docs/brochures/30.pdf
3.- Knife valves
http://www.sureflowequipment.com/pdf/Knife-Gate-Valves-Catalog-2008-SureFlow.pdf
4.- Globe valves
http://www.fnwvalve.com/FNWValve/assets/images/PDFs/FNW/FlgGGC_tech-Cv.pdf
5.- Pinch valves
http://www.jecwoodland.com/pinch_valve_CV.html
Weir type
Unlined
http://www.thevalveshop.com/pdf/saunders9.pdf
Weir type
Lined
Straight_Thru
Unlined
Straight_Thru
Lined
7.- Round plug valve
http://www.gaindustries.com/MProducts/Bulletins/EccentricPlugValves/GAI_PV517.pdf
7.- Rectangular plug valve
http://www.gaindustries.com/MProducts/Bulletins/EccentricPlugValves/GAI_PV517.pdf
8.- Check valves
http://www.acuster.com/files/documentos/FC-69-PVV-10_es.pdf
9.- Angle valves
http://www.controlvalves.com/series/125/125_sizing.html
10.- Cone valve
http://www.detroitcontracting.com/documents/Cone-Valve-1.pdf
11.- Strainers
http://www.coltonind.com/file_library/products/33_STR990-1_Pressure%20Drop%20Data
12.- Expansion/reduction, fittings
Crane A-46 [1]
per No. 410M, 21st printing. Crane Co., 300 Park Ave., New York (1982).
dbook.pdf
-2008-SureFlow.pdf
GGC_tech-Cv.pdf
ves/GAI_PV517.pdf
ves/GAI_PV517.pdf
ure%20Drop%20Data%20Y.pdf
Cw
[11], 57-59
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Weir slurry clasification
0 % <= Cw <= 40 %
A-type
50 m < d
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
Homogeneous slurries
Particles essentially
all finer than 50 m
[10], page S6-3
Homogeneous slurries
At sufficiently low concentrations Hf will be close to that for clear water and may be
At sufficiently high concentrations, The Yield Stress characteristic largely influernce

A
Heterogeneous slurries Category "A"

Particles essentially all coarser than 50m and finer then 300 m, and with Cw fro
Head losses can be calculated by means of the empirical method propossed by Wa

The most economical slurry velocity is a velocity a little in excess of the limit velocity
This is an empirical method, that provide estimates considered to be rasonable acc

B
Heterogeneous slurries Category "B"

Particles essentially all coarser than 50m and finer then 300 m, and with Cw gre
Generally, friction losses for this category are much higher than for Category "A" du
the pipe wall. This effect generally increases with increasing Cw and is so greatly in
of solids present that is not possible to provide a simple empirical method of estima
See [2], 59
C
Heterogeneous slurries Category "C"

Particles essentially all coarser than 300m, and with Cw from Zero to 20%
Generally, friction head losses for Category "C" slurries are also much higher than f
See [2], 59
D
Heterogeneous slurries Category "D"

Particles essentially all coarser than 300m, and Cw greater than 20%
Generally, friction head losses for Category "D" slurries are also much higher than f
See [2], 59
B
D
0 % <= Cw <= 40 %
50 m < d50 < 300 m
C
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
300
310
320
330
340
350
360
370
380
390
Heterogeneous
slurries
for clear water and may be estimated by the empirical method as applied to Category "A" Heterogeneous slurries
racteristic largely influernces the value of Hf.
en 300 m, and with Cw from Zero to 40%
al method propossed by Warman in [2]

n excess of the limit velocity " v L"
sidered to be rasonable accurate for many practical slurry pimping applications.
en 300 m, and with Cw greater than 40%
her than for Category "A" due largely to the increased friction effect of the more closed-packed solids content upon
sing Cw and is so greatly influenced by a number of variables, for example, Cw, S s, SLiq, d50 and actual sieve analysis
empirical method of estimating slurry Hf.
Cw from Zero to 20%
400
are also much higher than for Category "A"
eater than 20%
are also much higher than for Category "A"
410
420
430
440
450
460
470d
[m]
[10]
S6-2 and 3

Channels 0. Channels and Pipes With Frictional and Singular Pressure Drop

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Channels 0. Channels and Pipes With Frictional and Singular Pressure Drop

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Channel 0.

Channels and pipes with frictional and singular pressure drop

3. Weir method for slurry pump selection for A-type fluids

6. Pressure loss coefficients for Valves and Fittings

Note for fluids type A (according Weir)

Weir and standar method

gular pressure drop

ng options and constant Manning's coefficient (Channel 2)

", following files:

roperties of the pulp

not allow general conclusions .

t the standard method

Rev. cjc. 18.03.2015

1.- Pressure loss calculation routine, for water

Diaphragm valve (Weir K = f(dn)

Resume of singular and frictional losses in sections. A

Friction losses in sections

Other losses in sections

Pump inlet diameter dp_in

Input the number of singularities in each section

Rev. cjc. 18.03.2015

2.- Pressure loss calculation routine, for slurry

Solid's specific weight

Lining and deposition thickness

Limit deposition velocity

Friction pressure loss in section

Diaphragm valve (Weir K = f(dn)

Pipe absolute rugosity

Water flow rate

Inlet section lenght

Outlet sectio lenght

Resume of singular and frictional losses en sections. All pr

Friction losses in sections

Other losses in sections

For pump selection, see "piping-tools.net":

Pump inlet diameter dp_in

Pump outlet diameter dp_ou

Input the number of singularities in each section

Rev. cjc. 18.03.2015

mp outlet diameter dp_out

Water and slurry curves.

Durand limit velocity

According Weir empirical method [10]

For validity range, see Note 1

Mc Ewans and Cave correction factor

Limit deposition velocity according JRI [3]

Inside diameter with lining

where slining is the sum of the lining pipe

and the deposition film

Inside pipe diameter

Water system curve constant

Note 1. The method is valid

thus, the water system constant is

From input data, the water pressure drop is

From page 4 of Sheet 6, the flow rate at point "c" is

calculated from equatio (i)

This equation is solved with the function

The equation to be solved is

Figure 6.2.- Heterogeneous slurry

Pulp resistance curve [mpc]

Limiting flow rate

Q < 1.1 * QL,

deposition will occur

1.1 * QL < Q <= Qc