Zero Liquid discharge for the

Industrial sector
by
Amit Udgirkar
Sr. Manager
Environmental Engineering
Praj Industries Ltd

Major Concerns. . .
Where is the
space for
process
plant???

Reduce Foot Print

Major Concerns. . .
Can I use treated
wastewater
somewhere???

Recycle & Reuse of Treated Wastewater

Major Concerns. . .
Can I avoid liquid
discharge???

Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD)

Major Concerns. . .

Can I generate/save
energy???

Energy Recovery & Maximization of Energy Efficiency

Water
&
Wastewater
Solution

Solution. . .

Selection of Appropriate Technologies

Integrated Design Approach
Solution under one roof

Zero Discharge usage in Industry

How to Achieve ZLD. . .

STEP 1
Effluent after
Solvent recovery

Recovery of solvents by using distillation Process

How to Achieve ZLD. . .

STEP 2
Raw Effluent from
Industry

Removal of Organic Matter by Using Anaerobic Digestion

How to Achieve ZLD. . .

STEP 3
Anaerobically
Treated Effluent

Removal of Balance Organic Matter by Using Aerobic

Digestion

How to Achieve ZLD. . .

STEP 4
Treated Effluent
from ETP

Clarification by using, tube settler/Clariflocculator

How to Achieve ZLD. . .

STEP 5
Effluent after
Clarification

Further Reduction in TSS by using Filters

How to Achieve ZLD. . .

STEP 6
Effluent after Filters

Reduction in Turbidity and SDI by using Ultra

Filtration

How to Achieve ZLD. . .

STEP 7
Effluent after UF

Recovery of low TDS Permeate by using RO

How to Achieve ZLD. . .

STEP 8

High TDS Rejects

from RO

Concentration of RO Rejects by using battery of

evaporators

How to Achieve ZLD. . .

STEP 9

High TDS Rejects

from RO

Separation of salts from Mother Liquor using

centrifuge / dryer

Key Challenges in ZLD. . .

High Recovery through RO to reduce load on Evaporation
system
Highly Corrosive Effluent
Material Compatibility at Higher Temperature
High Capital Investment
Operating Cost for the treatment
Turnkey Responsibility

How to Address the Challenges

High Recovery through RO
- Use of Proper & robust Pre-treatment
- Right Selection of Membranes and RO Configuration

Material Compatibility at Higher Temperature

- Operate Evaporation System at low temperature

High Capital Investment

- Use various combination of Evaporators

Operating Cost for the treatment

- Use innovative approach like TVR or MVR

Solutions..

Conventional Falling Film Evaporator

Forced Circulation Evaporator
Forced Falling Film Evaporator
Fluidized Bed Patented Evaporator

Falling Film

STEAM

VAPORS

COND.
FEED

Falling Film - Features

Better Heat Transfer Coefficient.

Low Power consumption .
Can be started up quickly and changed to
cleaning mode .
Useful in heat sensitive chemical solutions

Falling Film - Limitations

Not suitable at higher suspended solid concentration

and higher viscosity.
Distribution system is critical and can lead to tube
fouling in absence of adequate wetting rate.
Frequent C.I.P. Required .

Force Circulation

STEAM

VAPORS
FEED

CONDENSATE

CONC.
PRODUCT

Force Circulation - Features

Capable of handling Suspended slurry, Saturated

solution & viscous liquids.
Can be operated with min temperature differences
between the heating media and the boiling liquid.
No frequent Scale inside the tubes.
Can be installed vertically as well as horizontally.

Force Falling Film

LIQUOR IN
SHOWER NOZZLE
DISTRIBUTOR

LIQUOR
FILM

Tube Wall

FALLING FILM UPPER M AIN LIQUOR BOX

Condensed Steam
Or Vapor On Outside
Wall Of Tube

LIQUOR

VAPOR

Force Falling Film Features

All advantages
Evaporation.

of

conventional

falling

film

Comparatively less problem of tube wetting rate due

to Spraying Nozzles.
Less prone to fouling as compared with Conventional
Falling Film Evaporator.

 Flubex As an alternative to
Forced Circulation or in Combination
Flubex- Concept

Recirculating fluidized
bed heat exchanger
Evaporation by Flashing
in Vapor
Liquid
Separator.
Fluidizing medium in
Tube.

 Flubex As an alternative to
Forced Circulation or in Combination

 Flubex Advantages

Continuous self-cleaning
action avoid scaling.
No Frequent C.I.P.
Less generation & disposal
problem of C.I.P. Effluent.
No standby unit required.
Lesser floor space.

 Flubex Installation

 MEE Installation
Distillation followed by Forced Circulation Evaporator
based on MVR Technology - Installation

 MEE Installation
MEE for Textile Effluent at Veerapandi, TN

 MEE Installation

Cilion Inc. USA

Swan Hill Ethanol Co ltd, Australia

Biowanze S.A., Belgium

Thai Sugar Ethanol Co ltd, Thailand

Profex Bio Products Ltd, Bulgeria

Bannari Amman, TN

EID Parry, TN

Shaw Wallace Gelatines Ltd, Jabalpur India

Cadburys India Ltd

Orchid Pharma

Gujrat Ambuja, India

Unicorn Organics Ltd, India

Benzochem, India

Other Technologies

Ammonia Stripping

Solution Under One Roof

More than 500 references in 50

countries

Web: www.praj.net
info@praj.net
pben@praj.net

Sustainable solution for Sustainable Environment