CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A. Approach and Research Method
In this research used qualitative research with descriptive analysis
method. This happened because the methodology of qualitative method is a
scientific research that aims to understand the social part of an event in
naturally with the advanced process of in-depth interaction communication
between the writer with an event investigation. The naturally here it is mean
that the qualitative research conducted in the natural environment without
any treatment given by the writer. Very unjistified to manipulate or change
the background of the research.
According to Sugiyono (2012: p.8) qualitative method often called
naturalistic method because the research conducted on the conditions of
natural object (natural setting). Besides, the writer also use descriptive
qualitative to describe the research in sentence of the words. The goal of the
qualitative description is to produce straightforward description of
participants experiences in words as similar to what the participants said as
possible.
In this research, the writer will describe students
speaking

anxiety

especially

on

students

influential

component and the sources that contribute to students

speaking anxiety.The procedures of this research are :
1. First of all, meeting with the head of SMA Islam AlLayyinah to ask for permission to conducting the
research.
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2. The writer will prepares the questionnaire before

going to the place of the research for collects the
data.
3. Then, the writer giving a questionnaire for students
at tenth grade
4. After that, the writer conducting interview with the
selected

students

about

speaking

anxiety

in

learning English to verification the result from the

questionnaire
5. Finally, the writer will be analyzing data that have
been collects.
B. Time and Place of the Research
1. Place of the Research
The qualitative research will be conducted at SMA
Islam Al-Layyinah in academic year 2015 2016. It is
located on Jl Madrasah Al-Layyinah, Cijengir-BinongCurug-Tangerang 15810, Banten. The reason of the
writer chooses SMA Islam Al-Layyinah, because while
conducting practice of teaching (Praktik Pengalaman
Lapangan) the writer found the signs of anxiety occured
on some students and when the writer asked the
students to give their opinion and when the writer
conducted speaking test and call the students name in
a random.

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2. Time of the Research

Table 3.1
Research Time

Se

Au

Jul

Jun

Ma

Apr

Ma

Feb

Jan

2016
De

No

Activities

Oct

2015
Se

N
o

Submissi
on Title
Guidance
Proposal
Seminar
on Mini
Thesis
Guidance
and
Revision
Seminar
Manufact
ure
Research
Instrume
nt
Collectin
g The
Data
Processin
g and
Data
Analysis
Thesis
Exam
Source : Research of the Writer, 2015
C. Source and Type of Data

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This research used qualitative and descriptive data. Qualitative is the

data from human behavior and phenomenon. Descriptive is the data from
describe phenomenon that is happening. Qualitative use to analyze the
meaning and the function of the words used by students. Besides, this
research use primary data. According to Sugiyono (2012: p.225).
Primary data are the data directly collected from the
research. Primary data that the writer will be used in this
research are collected from questionnaire and interview.
D. Technique of Data Collection
This reseach used several technique to collect the
data. The techniques are :
1. Questionnaire
Questionnaire is a technique of collecting data by
giving

set

of

questions

or

written

statement

respondent to answer it (Sugiyono. 2012: p.142). The form

of a questionnaire can be a question or statement is
closed or opened. The questionnaire used in this study is
closed questionnaire, it is mean the respondents choose
one of the alternative answers of each statement that has
been provided. For the purpose of this research, a set of
questionnaire is adapting from the Foreign Language
Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS) by Horwitz (1986). The
questionnaire consists of 22 items. The questionnaire is
adapting and translated into Indonesian language to make

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the students respond easily. The source of data in this

research is one grade in two class, the class are X.1 and
X.2.
2. Interview
Interview is a data collection technique by way
interviewing the students as a respondent. This research
used semi-structured interview that may ask several
question in the form. According to Sugiyono (2012: p.233),
semi-structured interview is the category of in-depth
interview, where the writer interviews about their opinions
related to students speaking anxiety. The writer will be
conducted interview to the students about their speaking
anxiety in learning English. The interview was conducted
to clarify the data collected from questionnaire completed
by the students.
The purpose of this interview was finding the
problems openly and deeply. The writer passed some
procedures in doing interview. First, the writer prepared
the instrument, the semi-structured interview which
contained some questions related to the research topic.
Second, the writer asked and talked to the students in a

40

friendly way. The writer also recorded subjects answer.

The last, the writer wrote interview transcript based on
the recording.
E. Research Instrument
In this research,

the

writer

becomes

the

key

instrument. To support this research, the writer used three

kinds of instrument in gathering data as follows :
1. Questionnaire
The questionnaire was constructed by modifying the
Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS) by
Horwitz (1986). It include 22 items that measured three
dimensions of foreign language learning anxiety. These
dimension
anxiety

were
and

communication

fear

of

negative

apprehension,

test

evaluation..

The

questionnaire was made used a likert scale, where uses

five alternative answers choices, namely Strongly Agree
(SA), Agree (A), Neither Agree (N), Disagree (D) and
Strongly Disagree (SD). The questionnaire is adapting and
translated into Indonesian language to make the students
respond easily. And, the data source of this research is
one grade in two class, the class are X.1 and X.2.
2. Semi-Structured Interview

41

The

writer

will

be

conducted

semi-structured

interview to the students about their speaking anxiety in

learning English. The interview was conducted to clarify
the data collected from questionnaire completed by the
students. The purpose of this interview was finding the
problems openly and deeply. The writer passed some
procedures in doing interview. First, the writer prepared
the instrument, the semi-structured interview which
contained some questions related to the research topic.
Second, the writer asked and talked to the students in a
friendly way. The writer also recorded subjects answer.
The last, the writer wrote interview transcript based on
the recording.
F. Technique of Data Analysis
Analysis of data in the process of qualitative research
has been initiated and carried out since the beginning of the
study until the study was finished. It means, every writer
make the process data collection, the writers conduct the
analysis of the data directly such as the selection of themes
and classification.
In this research, the writer used data analysis from
Miles and Huberman (1984) analysis as consisting of three

42

concurrent flows of activity: data reduction, data display,

and conclusion drawing/verification (Sugiyono. 2012: p.246).
1. Data Reduction
Data reduction refers to process of selecting, focusing, simplifying,
abstracting, and transforming the data that appear written-up field notes
or transcription.
Data from the field was complex and complicated, so it needed to
be analyzed by reducing data. Data reduction was done by selecting the
appropriate data and focusing to the important data. All data got from the
field were simplified to find which data appropriate with research
problems. Those which were not appropriate were reduced.
By completing questionnaire, the subjects decided which
statements are suitable with their true condition. Some of those
statements are relevant with the research questions, but some of those
which were not needed included in findings, but those which were not
needed were ignored. From the interview, much information arose
even some of those were not needed information.
Meanwhile, the result of interview also showed how
students strategies to reduce anxiety, what strategies
they use and how the used strategies in reducing anxiety.
in their learning. Many answers came from the interview.
Each subject had her own answer about strategies in
reducing anxiety Therefore, the data needed reducing. In
this step, the irrelevant data are reduced and the needed

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data are included. So it can be soon, which one answered

the research problems.
2. Data Display
Generically, a display is an organized, compressed
assembly of information that permits conclusion drawing
and action. Looking at displays helps us to understand
what is happening and what to do next, either analyze
further or do actions.
The data were displayed in the form of words,
narrative, tables or graphics in order those becomes
understandable and readable. Displaying data was also
useful to plan what should be done next. The data from
the subject and instrument was crosschecked with the
theory. The researcher found which data were appropriate
to answer the first research question and which data
answered the research question. The data were displayed
to take appropriate conclusion.
3. Conclusion data or verification
In qualitative research, the data can be analyzed
since the beginning of research when the data begin
collected until the end of collecting data. The data are
analyzed continuously and verified about the validity.

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In the final analysis, the researcher got final and

perfect conclusion as the answer of research problem. If
the conclusion is supported by accurate data and prove, it
can be said that the conclusion is credible.
G. Validity of Data
1. Confirmability
The writer have been doing confirmability. The writer
confirms that the data collected by discussion with the
informant. In addition, the writer also had discussions with
the advisor, lecture and the teacher at school.
2. Credibility
In this research, the writer done triangulation. Based on Sugiyono
that quoted in Wiersma (2012), Triangulation is qualitative crossvalidation. It assesses the sufficiency of the data according to the
convergence of multiple data sources or multiple data collection
procedures (p. 273). It means that if the writer doing triangulation,
actually she have been check credibility of the data.
3. Transferability
Transferability respect to the results of research that can be
transferred by others and can be applied in other situations, to achieve
external validity the researcher will conducted the study with a
systematic, detailed, clear and accountable.

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