Overview & Revolution of Computer

Hardware (Processor)

1. INTRODUCTION
Computer hardware (or simply hardware in computing contexts) is
the collection of physical elements that constitutes a computer system.
Computer hardware is the physical parts or components of a computer,
such as the monitor, keyboard, computer data storage, hard disk drive
(HDD), graphic cards, sound cards, memory (RAM), motherboard, and so
on, all of which are tangible physical objects. By contrast, software is
instructions that can be stored and run by hardware. Hardware and
software must work together to process data and store information.
Based on our research in Wikipedia website about processor, there
are divided into many types consists Central Processing Unit (CPU),
Microprocessor, Application-specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), Applicationspecific Instruction Set Processor (ASIP), Graphics Processing Unit (GPU),
Physics Processing Unit (PPU), Digital Signal Processor (DSP), Image
Processor, Coprocessor, Floating-point Unit, Network Processor, Audio
Processor, Multi-core Processor and Front-end Processor. But we choose
CPU for our group assignment and presentation.
Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the brain of the computer that
carries out basic instruction such as Control Unit and Arithmetic Logic
Unit. The control unit is component of the processor that directs and
coordinates most of the operations of the computer. Arithmetic Logic Unit
performs arithmetic comparison and other calculation. Microprocessor is a
central processing unit contained on a single integrated circuit (IC).
Application-specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) is a microprocessor designed
for a particular use case, rather than intended for general-purpose use.
Application-specific Instruction Set (ASIP) is a component used in systemon-a-chip design. Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) is a processor designed
for doing dedicated graphics-rendering computations.
Physics Processing Unit (PPU), a dedicated microprocessor designed
specifically for digital signal processing. Image Processor is a specialized

Overview & Revolution of Computer

Hardware (Processor)

DSP used for image processing in digital cameras, mobile phones or other
devices. Network Processor is a microprocessor specifically targeted at the
networking application domain. Audio Processor is a microprocessor used
in studios and radio stations. Multi-core Processor, single component with
two or more independent CPUs (called cores) on the same chip carrier or
on the same die. Front-end Processor is a helper processor for
communication between a host computer and other devices.
We all know there are two popular processor manufacturer consists
of Intel and AMD. But, we will choose AMD Processor for our group
assignment.

Overview & Revolution of Computer

Hardware (Processor)

2. HISTORY & ROADMAP

Processor Evolution (AMD)

AMD A9 APU Processor

AMD A12 APU Processor
AMD 'Zen' Processor (Rumour)

AMD APU A-Series Processor

AMD FX Family Processor

AMD Phenom II X6 1090T Prcoessor

AMD Phenom II X4 Processor

AMD Athlon Neo Mobile Processor

2016

2014

2011
2010
2009

Hardware (Processor)
Overview & Revolution of Computer

Overview & Revolution of Computer

Hardware (Processor)

AM2501 Logic Counter

1970

AM386 Microprocessor

1991

AM486 Microprocessor

3. BODY OF RESEARCH

1993

AMD PROCESSOR DESCRIPTION

AMD K5 Processor

1. AM2501 Logic Counter

1995

The first processor produced by AMD

First binary / hexadecimal up-down counter

AMD Athlon Processor

1997

Launched in 1970

AMD K6 Processor

1999

2. AM386 Microprocessor

Clone of Intel 80386 microprocessor design

AMD Athlon 64 Processor

20 to 40 MHz speed (newer processor using GHz)

2003

2001

Launched in 1991

AMD Athlon MP

Instruction set is only x86 (32 bit)

Single core

AMD Turion 64 Mobile Processor

AMD Athlon 64 X2 Processor

2005

3. AM486 Microprocessor

2006

Launched in 1993

AMD APU Family Processor

40 MHz speed

Price is lower than Intel processor with speed of 33 MHz

Supported extended power saving modes

4. AMD K5 Processor

Launched in March1995
5

Overview & Revolution of Computer

Hardware (Processor)

X86 processor microarchitecture

Competitor of Intel Pentium Microprocessor

75 to 133 MHz speed

Single core

5. AMD K6 Processor

Launched in 1997

Can perform as Intel Pentium II with lower price

Support new instruction such as MMX technology

116 to 300 MHz speed

The final design of K6 released in May 1998 running at 300 MHz speed

6. AMD Athlon Processor

First launched in 1999

The first processor reached gigahertz speed (more than thousand

megahertz)

500 to 2.33 GHz speed

Still in development and improvement until now, known as Athlon APU

series

7. AMD Athlon 64 Processor

Launched in 2003

The first processor supporting x64 (64 Bit) processor microarchitecture

The third processor named Athlon

1.0 to 3.2 GHz speed

Second processor that support 64 Bit microarchitecture

Overview & Revolution of Computer

Hardware (Processor)

Intel Pentium 4 Competitor

Also known as AMD K8

8. AMD Turion 64 Mobile Processor

Launched in 2005

Low power consumpiton, suitable processor for mobile computing

Intel Pentium M, Intel Core and Intel Core 2 processor competitor

Has new feature for mobile such as PowerNow!

Also known as AMD K8L

9. AMD Athlon 64 X2 Processor

Also launched in 2005

The first dual-core desktop processor

Actually it has multi core, but disabled to prevent error

Support dual channel memory controller

Support new instruction such as SSE3

In 2007, new variant released with low voltage, named Athlon X2

1.9 to 3.2 GHz speed

10. AMD APU Family Processor

Project started in 2006

Fomerly known as Fusion

Combine CPU and GPU in single chip

Released in 2011

11. AMD Phenom 64 Processor

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Overview & Revolution of Computer

Hardware (Processor)

Launched in 2007

Also known as K10

12. AMD Phenom II Processor

Launched from 2009 to 2012

2.5 to 3.7 GHz speed

Support new instruction such as SSE4a

Have many variants based on cores such as 2 (Callisto), 3 (Heka), 4 (Propus,

Deneb, Zosma) and 6 cores (Thuban)

13. AMD FX Family Processor

Launched in 2011

2.8 to 5.0 GHz

The high-end processor produced by AMD

Based on the Bulldozer and/or piledriver microarchitecture

Support new instructions such as SSE 4.2, AES, CLMUL, AVX, XOP, FMA3,
FMA4, CVT, BMI1, ABM, and TBM

14. AMD APU A-Series Processor

Released in 2011

Has dual core and/or quad core

Have many codenames such as Fusion, Ontario, Zacate Llano, Trinity,

Richland, Kaveri, Kabini, Carrizo and much more

Have many models consists C, E1, E2, A4, A6, A8, and A10

15. AMD A9 APU Processor

Released in May 2016

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Overview & Revolution of Computer

Hardware (Processor)

Maybe higher than A10 (incomplete information)

Support latest RAM (DDR4)

16. AMD A12 APU Processor

Released in same date with A9 Processor

Higher than FX below 5th generation

Also support latest RAM (DDR4)

17. AMD Zen Processor

Will be release mid 2016 (rumor and research)

16 cores in single processor (rumor and research)

Featuring High Bandwidth Memory (HBM) technology, up to 128 GB/s

memory speed, memory around the processor chip. (rumor and research)

*Please refer appendixes page for the pictures

Overview & Revolution of Computer

Hardware (Processor)

COMPARISON-PRICE EACH AMD PROCESSOR

AMD PhenomTM Processor Family
AMD PhenomTM II X4 Quad-Core Processor
Phenom II X4 955 Black Edition (3.2GHz,125W, 2MB total

Price
$245

dedicated L2 cache, 6MB L3 cache, 4000MHz HyperTransport TM

bus, socket AM3)
Phenom II X4 945 (3.0GHz, 125W, 2MB total dedicated L2 cache,

$225

6MB L3 cache, 4000MHz HyperTransportTM bus, socket AM3)

Phenom II X4 945 (3.0 GHz, 95W, 2MB total dedicated L2 cache,

$225

6MB L3 cache, 4000MHz HyperTransportTM bus, socket AM3)

Energy Efficient AMD PhenomTM II X4 Quad-Core Processor
Phenom II X4 905e (2.5GHz, 65W, 2MB total dedicated L2 cache,

Price
$175

6MB L3 cache, 4000MHz HyperTransport bus, socket AM3)

AMD PhenomTM II X3 Triple-Core Processor
Phenom II X3 720 Black Edition (2.8GHz, 95W, 1.5MB total

Price
$145

dedicated L2 cache, 6MB L3 cache, 4000MHz HyperTransport TM

bus, socket AM3)
Energy Efficient AMD PhenomTM II X3 Triple-Core Processor
Phenom II X3 705e (2.5GHz, 65W, 1.5MB total dedicated L2

Price
$125

cache, 6MB L3 cache, 4000MHz HyperTransportTM bus, socket

AM3)
AMD PhenomTM II X2 Dual-Core Processor
Phenom II X2 550 Black Edition (3.1GHz, 80W, 1MB total

Price
$105

dedicated L2 cache, 6MB L3 cache, 4000MHz HyperTransport TM

bus, socket AM3)
AMD PhenomTM X4 Quad-Core Processor
Phenom X4 9650 (2.3GHz, 95W, 2MB total dedicated L2 cache,

Price
$112

2MB L3 cache, 3600MHz HyperTransportTM bus, socket AM3)

* The price is based on currency by the country

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Overview & Revolution of Computer

Hardware (Processor)

COMPARISON EIGHT PROCESSOR FROM INTEL & AMD

Here is our comparison of eight processors four each from Intel and AMD
on various factors. Chip are grouped by manufacturer, and in order of
increasing power, from left to right. Besides real-world testing on our
WorldBench 6 suite, we ran synthetic benchmarks, using Maxons
Cinebench. The software measures processing power by rendering a 3D
scene and stresses all available processor cores.
Intel chip
Rating Factor

Core i3-540

Core i5-750

Core i7-870

AMD c
Core i7-

Athlon II

Athlon II

980X

X2 255

X4 635

Frequency

3.06GHz

2.66GHz

2.93GHz

3.33GHz

3.1GHz

2.9GHz

WorldBench 6

115

106

127

147

101

110

Price

$145

$199

$564

$999

$75

$120

Cinebench

2.55

3.2

5.29

8.58

1.77

3.25

Dirt 2 Frame

80.9 fps

71.8 fps

77.1 fps

73.34 fps

48.8 fps

67.2 fps

Rate
Power

71.4 watts

73.8 watts

74.2 watts

95.3 watts

95.8

95.7 watts

153 watts

Score

Points

Utilization
when idle
Power

watss
102 watts

134 watts

174 watts

Utilization at

210 watts

127.4
watts

peak

* The price is based on currency by country

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Overview & Revolution of Computer

Hardware (Processor)

4. ANALYSIS & DISCUSSION

5. CONCLUSION

12

Overview & Revolution of Computer

Hardware (Processor)

6. APPENDIXES
Example of AMD Processor :
1. AM2501 Logic Counter
2. AM386 Microprocessor

14.
15. AMD Turion 64 Mobile
3.
4. AM486 Microprocessor

5.
6. AMD K5 Processor

Processor

16.
17. AMD Athlon 64 X2 Processor

7.
8. AMD K6 Processor

18.
9.
10. AMD Athlon Processor

19. AMD APU Family Processor

20.

11.
12.
13. AMD Athlon 64 Processor

21.
22.
23. AMD Phenom 64 Processor

13

Overview & Revolution of Computer

Hardware (Processor)

35.
24.
25.
26.
27. AMD Phenom II Processor
36.
28.
29. AMD FX Family Processor

37. AMD A9 APU Processor

38.

30.
31.

39. AMD A12 APU Processor

32.
33.
34. AMD APU A-Series Processor
40.
41. AMD Zen Processor

14

42.

43.
44.

ATI Mach8 Chip and VGA

45.
46.

ATI Mach32 with VLB technology (VESA Local Bus)

47.
48.

Vantis Programmable Logic Business

49.

50.

51.
52.

AMD Turion and Athlon X2

53.

54.
55.

AMD 64 Live
56.

57.
58.

AMD APU
59.

60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.

Radeon HD 2000 Series

82.
83.

7. REFERENCES

84.
Wikipedia,
2015.
AMD386
[online]
Available
at
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am386] [Accessed 28 May 2016]

85.
Wikiwand,
2015.
AMD486
[online]
Available
at
:
[http://www.wikiwand.com/es/AMD_ Am486] [Accessed 28 May
2016]
86.
Wikipedia,
2015.
AMDK5
[online]
Available
at
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/amd_k5] [Accessed 28 May 2016]

87.
Wikipedia,
2015.
AMDK6
[online]
Available
at
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMD_ K6] [Accessed 28 May 2016]

88.
Wikipedia, 2015. PowerNow! [online] Available at :
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ PowerNow] [Accessed 28 May 2016]
89.
X86 CPUs Guide, 2014. AMD Athlon MP [online] Available at :
[http://www.x86-guide.com/en/cpu/AMD-Athlon-MP-1500+-cpuno1758.html] [Accessed 29 May 2016]
90.
VGA Legacy MKIII, 2015. ATI Radeon 9700 Pro [online]
Available
at
:
[http://www.vgamuseum.info/index.php/component/k2/item/610-atiradeon-9700-pro] [Accessed 30 May 2016]
91.
Octopart, 2016. Vantis PAL22V10-15PC. [online] Available at :
[https://octopart.com/ pal22v10-15pc-vantis-41147495] [Accessed 1
Jun 2016]
92.
VGA Legacy MKIII, 2015. ATI Mach 32. [online] Available at :
[http://www.vgamuseu m.info/index.php/component/k2/item/83-atimach32] [Accessed 2 Jun 2016]
93. Wikipedia, 2016. ATI Mach. [online] Available at :

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATI_ Mach] [Accessed 3 Jun 2016]