Gambaran Demografis, Klinis, dan Neurofisiologi Brachial Plexus Injury (BPI)

Fikry Syahrial1, Gusfiatra1, Ahmad Yanuar Safri2,

PPDS Departemen Neurologi FKUI/RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo, 2Staf Departemen Neurologi
FKUI/RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo

ABSTRAK
Pendahuluan: Brachial plexus injury (BPI) merupakan cedera jaringan saraf paling berat pada ekstremitas atas,
menyebabkan gangguan fungsional, disabilitas fisik, kecemasan psikologis, dan berpotensi meimbulkan kesulitan
ekonomi akibat tidak bekerja. BPI dapat disebabkan mekanisme yang bervariasi, diantaranya trauma, tumor, dan
radiasi.
Tujuan: Mengetahui gambaran demografis, klinis, dan neurofisiologi pada pasien dengan Brachial Plexus Injury
(BPI).
Metode: Studi ini merupakan studi deskriptif restrospektif pasien dengan Brachial Plexus Injury (BPI) yang
dikonsulkan untuk pemeriksaan elektrofisiologi di Poliklinik Saraf Departemen Neurologi RSUPN Cipto
Mangunkusumo tahun 2014-2016.
Hasil: Dari 45 subjek yang diperiksa, mayoritas subjek laki-laki (75,56%) dengan rerata interval usia 21-30 tahun
(37,74%), onset pemeriksaan >1 bulan (97,78%). Letak lesi terbanyak di supraklavikula (84,45%) dengan derajat lesi
terbanyak non avulsi (73,33%) pada trunkus superior (88,46%). Sementara pada lesi avulsi, selalu mengenai radiks C5
dan C6 (100%). Penyebab tersering BPI adalah trauma kecelakaan motor (91,11%), diikuti sebagian kecil karena tumor
payudara dan radiasi. Dari pemeriksaan KHS absennya amplitudo n.muskulokutaneus (62,2%) dan n.aksilaris (57,78%)
merupakan temuan terbanyak. Aktivitas spontan terbanyak pada pemeriksaan EMG ditemukan pada m.biseps brachii
(85,71%) dan m.deltoid (81,40%).
Kesimpulan: Lesi tersering pleksus brachialis ialah pada trunkus superior dengan sebab terbanyak adalah trauma
kecelakaan motor.

Kata kunci: Brachial plexus injury, elektrofisiologi, kecelakaan motor

ABSTRACT
Introductions: Brachial plexus injury (BPI) is the most severe injury of nerve tissue in upper extremities, causing
functional disorder, physical disabilities, psychological anxiety and lead to economic difficulties of unemployment. BPI
may be instigated by varoius mechanisms such as trauma, tumor and radiation.
Aim: To find the demographic, clinical and neurophysiology profile of BPI.
Method: A retrospective descriptive study in patient with BPI who had been consulted to electrophysiology examine
in Department of Neurology Cipto Mangunkusumo National Referral Hospital (RSCM) from year 2014 to 2016.
Result: Among 45 subjects with male predominance (75,56%), mean interval of age 21 to 30 years old (37,74%),
onset of examination >1 month (97,78%), the most common location of lessions is supraclavicular (84,45%) with
severity level of non avulsion (73,33%) in superior truncal (88,46%). While, location of avulsion lessions is always in
radix of C5 and C6 (100%). The most common causative mechanism of BPI is motorcycle injury (91,11%), followed by
breast cancer and radiation. From nerve conduction velocity (NCV) examination, the absent of musculocutaneous nerve
(62,2%) and axillary nerve (57,78%) amplitudo is the most common findings. Spontaneous activity in
electromyography (EMG) examination was found in biseps brachii muscle (85,71%) and deltoid muscle (81,40%).
Conclusion: Majority of PBI lessions were found in superior truncal and the most common cause is motorcycle
accident.

Keyword: Brachial plexus injury, electrophysiology, motorcycle accident