Gas in Beverages

Apple Chen

Gas In Beverages
Report writer: Apple Chen
Group Members: Lyn wu, Flora Wang.
Due date: September 22, 2015

WFLMS-IB MYP Chemistry

For Paul and So Loon Por

A. Aim Question
As we all know, soft drink is a very popular type of beverage
during peoples life, especially youngsters and children. For
example, when people open a can of cola, they might fell a pressure
and a sound emitted by it. If fact, the pressure and sound both come
from the certain amount of gas which add into cola by high
pressure, such as carbon dioxide and nitrogen. However, research
on soft drink has shown that carbon dioxide will stimulate the
secretion of gastric juice in human body, which might cause

abdominal distension and reduce peoples appetite. In this scientific

investigation, our group use hydrochloric acid to simulated gastric
acid in order to find out which beverage produce the highest
amount of carbon dioxide during the reaction with hydrochloric acid.
Coca cola (with sugar), Sprite, Vitamin C soda water, coffee and milk
are used as sample.

B. Hypothesis
I predict Coca cola (with sugar) will produce the highest amount of
carbon dioxide compare to the other four types of soft drinks. It is a
carbonate drink, according to the statistics from the XinMing
newspaper last year, 99.5% percentage of component in Coca cola
is carbon dioxide with syrup. Besides, according to the HAN
community about health, In a 330 ml aluminum can of Coca Cola,
there are 170g of carbon dioxide, which is higher than sprite,
Vitamin C soda water, coffee and milk.
I predict sprite will produce the second highest amount of carbon
dioxide compare to other four types of drinks. It s also a carbonate
drink, the solubility of carbon dioxide in sprite is lower than cola,
which means the amount of carbon dioxide present in sprite in not
as high as cola.
I predict Vitamin C Soda water will produce the third highest
amount of carbon dioxide compare to other four types of drink. This
is also a type of carbonate drink, since its soda water, so the
component is similar to both cola and sprite, the main two
components are Vitamin C with syrup and carbon dioxide, which the
Vitamin C has 250mg.
I predict coffee will contain the forth-highest amount of carbon
dioxide compare to other four types of drinks. Black coffee filtered
out of 125 grams of carbon dioxide per cup on average during
baking, so the complete black coffee doesnt left much carbon
dioxide.
I predict milk will contain the lowest amount of carbon dioxide
compare to the other four drinks. Milk production process has been
the degassing, almost no carbon dioxide left in milk.

C. Variables
---Independent variable: Different types of soft drinks.
---Dependent variable: Mass of the Carbon dioxide produced by soft
drinks during reaction of Hydrochloric acid.
---Control variable: 1) Time
2) Temperature
3) Mass of each soft drink
Eg: Drinks need to avoid: beer,
4) Mass of Hydrochloric cocktail, wine,etc.
Drinks accepted: Soda, Cola, etc.
acid
5) Type of the electric
balance
In order to manipulate the independent variable, we are going to

prepare five completely different types of soft drinks because

abundant varieties of drink can provide more data and observable
results. These drinks are Coca cola (with sugar), Sprite, Vitamin C
soda water, coffee and milk. I am going to find out which type of soft
drink produce the highest amount of carbon dioxide, make sure
there was no alcohol present in this investigation because alcoholic
drinks cant be group into soft drink. Also, these five types of soft
drinks need at least two gaseous drinks (carbonate drinks),
remember do not open them before the experiment started.
In order to collect the dependent variable, we are going to use the
electric balance to measure the mass of each type of soft drink, the
mass of each type of soft drink should be the same, and the units is
grams. An electric balance, a dropper and a beaker are needed
during measure. After put the empty beaker on the electric balance
and record the data, push the net weight button on the electric
balance, then add drink into the beaker until the electric balance
display the mass to 35 grams. Than, add 10 grams of hydrochloric
acid into the drink and put the beaker of drink into the water bath
with constant temperature. Take the beaker out of the water area
every 3 minutes and place it on the electric balance to measure the
mass of the drink again.
In order to control the control variable, first of all, we should use the
timer to control the time interval for each type of drink in a very
strict way. There should be one person record the time, and another
person ready to take out the beaker and place it on the electric
balance. The timer should be absolutely accurate. Second, the
difference in temperature will affect the speed of the carbon dioxide
produce, so we should let the soft drink reacted with hydrochloric
acid in a constant temperature, such as 37 degree Celsius. This is
the perfect temperature in human body, we can maintain this by
place the beaker of drink into the water bath that is 37 degree
Celsius. Third, the mass of each type of soft drink should be same,
and the mass of the hydrochloric acid that adds in each drink should
be the same. For the drinks mass, we should put the beaker on the
electric balance and pour drink until the balance displays 35 grams.
For the HCLs mass, we should put the measure cylinder on the
electric balance and pour the HCL until the balance displays 10
grams. (Remember both of them need to net weight first.) Last, the
type of electric balance that used during the investigation should be
the same. This is because different electric balance might have a
little error with each other, and the location of the electric balance
will also affect the data that it displays, so its better that only use
one electric balance during the investigation.

D. Materials
1) 100ml Breaker*5
2) Hydrochloric acid*50grams

3) Timer*3
4) Electric balance with range 110g *1
5) Safety goggles*3
6) Plastic gloves*3
7) Measure cylinder*1
8) Milk (35grams)
9) Coffee (35grams)
10) Sprite (35grams)
11) Vitamin C Soda Water (35grams)
12) Coca cola (35grams)
13) Stationery*1
14) Tissue*1
15) Water Bath*1
16) Black Marker*1

E. Safety Precautions
1) Please be careful when pours the hydrochloric acid into the
measure cylinder, do not pour out hydrochloric acid or any fluid
during the experiment.
2) Do not play and drink with soft drinks, or any apparatus inside the
lab.
3) Do not touch the Hydrochloric acid with hands.
4) Be careful to the glass-made apparatuses in the experiment such
as beaker and measure cylinder, place the measure cylinder
horizontally if it doesnt have proper use.
5) Each group members should all wear safety goggles and plastic
gloves to prevent the splash from hydrochloric acid and direct
contact with skin.
6) Do not shake the carbonate drink otherwise the high pressure
inside the bottle will make the drink splashing out.

F. Method
1. Prepare all the appliances that will be involved in this
experiment, such as Coca cola (with sugar), Sprite, Vitamin C
soda water, coffee, milk, hydrochloric acid and other
apparatuses.
2. Label the beaker with the beverages name by using a black
marker.
3. Measure the mass of an empty 100ml beaker on an accurate
electric balance with range up to 110g and record the data.
4. Push the net weight button on the electric balance.
5. Carefully pour the cola into the beaker until the screen on the
electric balance displays 35 grams.
6. Remove the beaker of cola away from the electric balance and
place a measure cylinder on it.
7. Push the net weight button on the electric balance.
8. Carefully pour the hydrochloric acid into the measure cylinder
until the screen on the electric balance displays 10 grams.
9. Slowly pour the hydrochloric acid from the measure cylinder to

the beaker of cola.

10. Place the beaker with both hydrochloric acid and cola on to the
electric balance and record the initial total mass.
11. Carefully place this beaker into the water bath, which have a
constant temperature at 37 degree Celsius.
12. Start the timer and wait for 3 minutes.
13. After 3 minutes, take out the beaker in the water bath to the
electric balance and measure the mass.
14. Repeat step 11 to 13 for other four times with cola and record
mass for each time interval. (There should be 15 minutes in total
for each beverage.)
15. Repeat step 2 to 14 with other four types of soft drinks, which
are Sprite, Vitamin C soda water, coffee and milk.
16. Use the initial total mass to subtract the final total mass in order
to get the mass of carbon dioxide that produce by five different
types of soft drinks.
17. Draw a final conclusion

G. Data Analysis

*HCL=hydrochloric
acid

Table one
Initial
Drink
Mass (g)
39.196g
42.425g

Types of soft
Beaker
Drinks
Mass (g)
Milk
52.022g
Coffee
43.339g
Vitamin C soda
water
58.613g 39.301g
Coca cola (with
sugar)
59.110g 35.394g
Sprite
44.499g 30.193g
Splattered Graphs & Column Graph

Initial
drink+beake
r Mass
(g)before
add HCL
91.218g
85.764g

Amount
of HCL
add (g)

Initial Total
Mass (g)
After add
HCL

9.838g
10.698g

101.041g
95.682g

97.914g

10.065g

108.058g

94.504g
74.692g

11.352g
9.794g

105.856g
84.512g

Mass of the Carbon dioxide produced by Milk

Mas s of the Carbon dioxide produced by Milk during reaction of Hydroc hloric ac id(g) (DV)

The time(Minutes)

Mass of carbon Dioxide produce by Coffee

Mass of the carbon dioxid e prod uces by coffee d uring reaction of hyd rochloric acid (g) (DV)

The time(Minutes)

Mass of the Carbon Dioxide produced by Vitamin C soda water

Mass of the Carbon dioxid e produced by Vitamin C soda water during reaction of Hydrochloric acid.(g) (DV)

The time(Minutes)

Mass of the Carbon dioxide produced by Cola

Mass of the Carbon dioxide produced by Cola during re action of Hydrochloric acid (g) (DV)

The time(Minutes)

Mass of the Carbon dioxide produced by Sprite

Mass of the Carbon dioxide produced Sprite during reaction of Hydrochloric acid.(g) (DV)

The time(Minutes)

Mass of the Carbon dioxide procude by different types of soft drinks during the reaction with HCL

Mass of the Carbon dioxide produced by soft drinks during reaction of Hydrochloric acid. (g) (DV)

Different types of s oft drinks(IV)

*In order to let my data for each type of soft drink looks more
organized and clearer, I choose to construct them on five separate
splattered graphs, each has labels on X-axis and Y-axis, title, unit
and trend line.
*In order to let the comparison look more organized and clearer, I
choose to construct a column graph, which the Y-axis is dependent
variable, and the X-axis is independent variable, with the title at the
end.
Data Analysis
According to the above data tables, splattered graphs and column
graph, the result of this scientific investigation is what I expected.
The column graph shows that the cola has the highest amount of
carbon dioxide produced during the reaction with hydrochloric acid,
the second one is Vitamin C Soda water, the third one is sprite, the
forth one is coffee and the last one is milk.
According to the splattered graphs, all the mass of the soft drink

decrease as the time increase, this is because these soft drinks are
producing carbon dioxide, which means the carbon dioxide in these
drinks are escape from them. So the masses gradually decrease as
the carbon dioxide rise to the atmosphere.
In order to calculate the total amount of the carbon dioxide
produced by soft drinks during this 15 minutes test, we need to use
the initial total mass subtract the final mass. The initial total mass
included the mass of the beaker, the mass of the soft drink and the
mass of the hydrochloride acid. The final mass means the grams of
the carbon dioxide produced by soft drink at 15 minutes. For
example:
Cola=105.856g-105.666g=0.190g
Milk=101.041g-100.948g=0.093g
Coffee=95.682g-95.563g=0.146g
Vitamin C Soda water=108.058g-107.884g=0.174g
Sprite=84.512g-84.340g=0.172g
The numbers such as 0.190, 0.093,0.146,0.174,0.172 are the
difference between the initial total mass and the final mass, which
represent the amount of carbon dioxide produces during the
reaction of hydrochloride acid. Though the comparison,
(0.190>0.174>0.172>0.146>0.093) we can obviously find out
0.190 is the highest number, so cola produce the highest amount of
carbon dioxide.
According to the data table, the initial drink mass and the mass of
the hydrochloride acid for the five soft drinks have certain errors.
During the experiment, we think 35 ml is completely equal to 35
grams, but actually its not. So we use all use 35 ml of soft drinks
instead of 35 grams to do the experiment in order to save the time.
After the experiment, we subtract the initial beaker+drinks mass
(before add HCL) from the beaker mass for the five types of soft
drink and find out their drink mass have little swings from 30 grams
to 40 grams. The same error happened on HCL, which we use 10 ml
of HCL instead of 10 grams, so the masses of the HCL have a little
swing from 9 grams to 11 grams. Fortunately, this little error on data
doesnt affect out experiment results, we get the same result as
other groups do.

H. Conclusion
After this scientific investigation, the summary of my result is:
Coca cola produce the highest amount of carbon dioxide compare
with four other drinks, Vitamin C Soda water produced the second
highest amount of carbon dioxide, the Sprite is the third, the coffee
is forth and the milk produce the lowest amount of carbon dioxide. (I
still cant find the correct scientific reason)
The data support most of my hypothesis, only the sprite and the
Vitamin C Soda water reverse their position. I think this might due to
our error with the drink mass and HCL. According to the data table,
the sprites initial drink mass has 9.108g less than vitamin C Soda

water, which is 39.301g-30.193g=9.108g, and the HCLs mass has

0.271g less that Vitamin C Soda water, which is 10.065g9.794g=0.271g. These two mistakes might cause an improper
result.

I. Reflection
During this scientific investigation, our groups biggest error is use
the milliliter to determine the amount of HCL and soft drinks instead
of use the mass to determine during measure, this is a serious
problem that I explained in detail in the data analysis part. At first,
our group didnt understand that milliliter is a volume unit, mass is a
quality unit. These two different types of unit cannot be regarded as
being in the same category. Although this mistake didnt affect our
final result, which is the cola suppose to be the drink that produces
the highest amount of carbon dioxide, but it does affect the amount
of carbon dioxide that procured by sprite and the Vitamin C Soda
Water, make the data have anomalies, thats the calculations that I
showed above.
Overall, our method basically allowed for sufficient collection of
data but there were also some small errors besides the unit one
that can make our data less accurate. First, we tested the coffee for
two times. During the experiment in the lesson, we accidently mess
up the coffees data so the amount of carbon dioxide produced by
coffee looked abnormal, we chose to redo the coffee one after
school. For the second time, the electric balance that we used in the
lesson was broken, so we chose to use another electric balance
instead of the old one. After we finished the new coffee test, we
realized that different electric balance might have a little error with
each other, and the location of the electric balance will also affect
the data that it displays, so its better that only use one electric
balance during the investigation. Fortunately, the change of the
electric balance didnt affect our results, and this mistake also gave
me a warning that control the accuracy of the apparatuses is very
important. Second, during the test for sprite, after we put the
beaker with sprite on the electric balance, the mass was over the
range of this balance so the balance displays error. Because of this,
we pour the sprite from the old beaker to a lighter beaker with lower
mass. This action might remain a little amount of sprite in the old
beaker, which might cause a little error. Third, after we took the
beaker of soft drink from the water bath to the electric balance,
sometimes we forget to wipe the bottom of the beaker, which is
wetted by the water in water bath. The water adhere on the bottom
of the beaker might increase the mass of the beaker, which let the
data less accurate.
For the improvements,