Name:

Chemistry 120B

Exam #4 4/24/09

Exam # A___

Instructions:
o Your cell phone must be off and all other materials must be put away
before beginning the exam.
o You are only allowed to use a SINGLE LINE NON-PROGRAMMABLE
CALCULATOR.
o Do not start the exam until you are told to do so.
o Print your name on the top of every page. One point will be removed
from your total score for every page on which you do not write your name.
o Read each problem carefully before you begin.
o Make sure you answer what the problem is asking.
o Answer each problem clearly and legibly.
o Check your work for errors.

Always ask yourself Does this answer make sense?.
o Partial credit will be awarded for partial answers so always try!
o If there is any evidence of cheating (either during the exam or while it is
being graded) you will receive a zero for the exam and you will be
reported to the Dean of Students in the Office of Judicial Affairs.

This exam consists of this cover page, and 7 pages of problems. Make sure that all
8 pages are present.

Sign your name below and include the last four digits of your CWID (student ID
number). Failure to include the last four digits of your CWID will result in an automatic
score of zero.
Your signature indicates that you have read and understand these instructions.

Signature

Last 4 digits of CWID

Question # Points possible Your points

1
22
2
22
3
18
4
17
5
21

Hudson

Chemistry 120B Exam #4A

pg. 1 of 8

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Watch your units and significant figures.
1) Answer the following questions regarding work, enthalpy, entropy and free energy.
(22 points total)
a) The figure to the right represents the spontaneous
evaporation of liquid nitrogen, N2 (l), to gaseous
nitrogen, N2 (g) according to the reaction:
N2 (l)  N2 (g)
a1) What are the signs (+ or -) of Hrxn, Srxn, and Grxn for this process? Explain
your reasoning.
(8 points)
The problem states this is a spontaneous reaction therefore Grxn < 0.
In the transition from liquid to gas, the entropy of the system is increasing therefore
Srxn > 0.
It takes heat to turn the liquid into gas so this is an endothermic reaction therefore
Hrxn > 0.
b) The figure to the right represents the exothermic
reaction in which ozone (O3) forms oxygen (O2)
according to the balanced reaction:
2 O3 (g)  3 O2 (g)
b1) What are the signs (+ or -) of Hrxn and Srxn for this reaction? Explain your
reasoning.
(5 points)
The problem states this is an exothermic reaction therefore Hrxn < 0.
Because the reaction goes from 2 moles of gas phase reactants to 3 moles of gas
phase products, the disorder is increasing therefore Srxn > 0.
c) The figure to the right represents a reaction that
results in a change in both volume and temperature of
the system.

1 atm
1 atm
V0 = 4.0 L
T0 = 190 K

Vf = 2.0 L
Tf = 200 K

c1) Calculate the work done on/by the system (in J) given the above conditions. Is this
work done on the system or by the system? (101.3 J = 1 L atm)
(9 points)
work = -P
V = -(1 atm)(Vf Vi) = -(1 atm)(2.0 L 4.0 L) = 2.0 L atm
work = 2.0 L atm (101.3 J/1 L atm) = 202.6 J
Because work > 0, work is being done ON the system.

Hudson

Chemistry 120B Exam #4A

pg. 2 of 8

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2) Consider the equilibrium between red and white phosphorous:

(22 points total)

P (s, red)  P (s, white)

Hrxn = 17.6 kJ
Srxn = 18.3 J / K
a) How is a spontaneous reaction defined using 1) entropy and 2) free energy? Be
specific.
(6 points)
For spontaneous reactions, STOTAL > 0 (where STOTAL = SSYSTEM +
SSURROUNDINGS) and Grxn < 0.
b) Calculate Ssurroundings for the above reaction at T = 350 K in J / K. According to
entropy, is this a spontaneous reaction at T = 350 K? Explain your answer. (10 points)
H o reaction
17.6kJ 1000 J
=

= 50.3 J / K
T
350 K kJ
= 18.3 J / K

S o surroundings =
S o system

S o TOTAL = 50.3 J / K + 18.3 J / K = 32.0 J / K

STOTAL < 0 therefore NOT spontaneous at 350 K
c) Under what temperature conditions is the conversion from red to white phosphorous
spontaneous? (Be specific always, never, T > ??? K, T < ??? K)
(6 points)
Because Hrxn and Srxn > 0, T > Hrxn/
Srxn to be spontaneous.
o
o
o
G rxn = H rxn TS rxn
G o rxn < 0
H o rxn TS o rxn < 0
rearranging with S o rxn > 0
H o rxn
S o rxn
17.6kJ 1000 J
T>

18.3 J / K kJ
T > 962 K

T>

Hudson

Chemistry 120B Exam #4A

pg. 3 of 8

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Watch your units and significant figures.
3) Carbon monoxide (CO) is toxic because it bonds more strongly to the iron in
hemoglobin (Hgb) than oxygen (O2). Consider the following reactions and approximate
standard free energy changes:
(18 points total)
Hgb (s) + O2 (g) HgbO2 (s)

G = -60. kJ/mol

Hgb (s) + CO (g) HgbCO(s)

G = -90. kJ/mol

a) Using the above equations, show that CO displacing O2 from hemoglobin is

spontaneous according to the reaction:
(8 points)
HgbO2 (s) + CO (g)  HgbCO (s) + O2 (g)

The first reaction must be reversed to match this reaction. When you reverse the
reaction you must reverse the sign of G. The second reaction remains as is.
HbgO2 (s)  Hgb (s) + O2 (g)
Hgb (s) + CO (g)  HbgO2 (s)
HgbO2 (s) + CO (g)  HgbCO (s) + O2 (g)

G = + 60 kJ/mol
G = - 90 kJ/mol
G = - 30 kJ/mol

Because Grxn < 0, this reaction is spontaneous.

b) In order to treat carbon monoxide poisoning, patients are given 100% oxygen therapy
to increase the partial pressure of oxygen in their system.
What partial pressure of O2 is required to reverse the direction of the spontaneous
reaction in part a (to make it non-spontaneous) at 298 K given a partial pressure of CO
(pCO) = 0.250 mbar. (Be specific pO2 > ??? or pO2 < ???)
(If you were unable to calculate Grxn in part a, use Grxn = -35 kJ/mol.)
(10 points)

Because we are looking for conditions to make the above reaction non-spontaneous
we are looking for pressure conditions of O2 to make Grxn > 0.

Hudson

Chemistry 120B Exam #4A

pg. 4 of 8

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Watch your units and significant figures.

Grxn = G o rxn + RT ln Q
pO
Grxn = G o rxn + RT ln 2
pCO
Grxn > 0
pO
G o rxn + RT ln 2
pCO

>0

pO2

kJ
>0
30kJ / mol + (8.314 J / molK )(298 K )
ln
1000 J 0.250mbar
p O2

kJ
> 30kJ / mol
(8.314 J / molK )(298 K )
ln
1000 J 0.250mbar
pO2

30kJ / mol
>
ln

0.250mbar (8.314 J / molK )(298 K ) kJ

1000 J
pO2

> 12.1
ln

0.250mbar
pO2
> e12.1
0.250mbar
pO2 > 4.54 x10 4 mbar pO2 > 45.4bar

Hudson

Chemistry 120B Exam #4A

pg. 5 of 8

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Watch your units and significant figures.
4) Ethylene (C2H4) plays an important role in the ripening of certain fruits and
vegetables. The production of C2H4 by plants is quite complex, but imagine it is
produced by the simple breakdown of glucose according to the reaction: (17 points total)
C6H12O6 (s)  3 C2H4 (g) + 3 O2 (g)
Grxn = 1115.6 kJ
Given the following thermodynamic values:
C6H12O6 (s)
-1273.3
Hf (kJ/mol)

C2H4 (g)
52.4

O2 (g)
0

a) Calculate Hrxn in kJ. Is this reaction endothermic or exothermic? Explain your

answer.
(9 points)
H o rxn = n products H o f , products n reac tan ts H o f ,reac tan ts
H o rxn = (3mol )(52.4kJ / mol ) + (1mol )(0kJ / mol ) (1mol )(1273.3kJ / mol )
H o rxn = 1430.5kJ / mol
Hrxn > 0 therefore this is an endothermic reaction.
b) Because the production of C2H4 (g) ripens fruit, people often put fruit in the
refrigerator to make it last longer. Explain why this does or does not make sense given
your Hrxn. (Hint: Think about temperature, equilibrium and Le Chateliers principle.)
(4 points)

If we want to create LESS C2H4 we need to shift the equilibrium to the left. As an
endothermic reaction we can think of heat as a reactant as if:
Heat + C6H12O6 (s)  3 C2H4 (g) + 3 O2 (g)
If we need to shift the reaction to the left then we need to DECREASE the heat that
is going into the reaction. You can do this by decreasing the temperature of the
reaction for example, by putting the fruit in the refrigerator.
c) Explain why the conversion of glucose to ethylene is spontaneous at room temperature
even though Grxn > 0. (HINT: Why does liquid water evaporate at room temperature?)
(4 points)

In order for this reaction to be spontaneous at room temperature when Grxn > 0,
we must have Grxn < 0. Therefore, the pressures of C2H4 and O2 must be << 1 atm.

Hudson

Chemistry 120B Exam #4A

pg. 6 of 8

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Watch your units and significant figures.
5) 5.24 g of room temperature water (25C) freezes to form ice when placed in a 0C
freezer at 1 atm according to the reaction:
(21 points total)
H2O (l), 25C  H2O (s), 0C

1) identify the phase of H2O in regions A,

B, and C
2) identify the temperature (in C) at
points x and y
3) draw an arrow indicating the
temperature and phase change given the
reaction above

Pressure (atm)

a) On the phase diagram for water:

(7 points)

0C

100C
1 atm

(l)
(s)
(g)
Temperature (C)

b) How much heat (in J) is released to decrease the temperature of 5.24 g liquid water
(7 points)
(Cwater = 4.18 J/gC) from 25C to 0C according to the reaction:
H2O (l), 25C  H2O (l), 0C

We are only decreasing the temperature of the liquid water here. In order to
determine the heat released from a reaction we use:
q = mCT
Also, because we know heat is released this value MUST be < 0.
q = mCT = (5.24 g)(4.18 J/gC)(Tf - Ti) = (5.24 g)(4.18 J/gC)(0 - 25)
q = -548 J
548 J of heat are released
c) Determine the enthalpy of fusion (Hfusion (kJ/mol)) if an additional 1.75 kJ of heat is
released when 5.24 g liquid water is converted to ice according to the reaction: (7 points)
H2O (l), 0C  H2O (s), 0C

We have a phase change here where the liquid water converts to solid water at 0C.
To determine the heat released during a phase change we use:
q = nHrxn
In this case we are solving for Hrxn. Also, because we know heat is released,
q = -1.75 kJ which means that Hrxn < 0.

Hudson

Chemistry 120B Exam #4A

pg. 7 of 8

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Name:
Watch your units and significant figures.
q = nH fusion
H fusion =

Hudson

q
=
n

1.75kJ
= 6.01kJ / mol
mol

5.24 g
18 g

Chemistry 120B Exam #4A

pg. 8 of 8