NETWORKS ANALYSIS 2 ASSIGNMENT: MAGNETIC CIRCUITS

NETWORKS ANALYSIS 2 ASSIGNMENT: MAGNETIC CIRCUITS

Lecturer: Mr. E. Lewis
Student: Ryan Bonner
ID: 1203323

NETWORKS ANALYSIS 2 ASSIGNMENT: MAGNETIC CIRCUITS

September 15, 2016

Laws of magnetic induction
Faradays law of electromagnetic induction state:
-An induced e.m.f is set up whenever the magnetic field linking that circuit changes.
-The magnitude of the induced e.m.f in any circuit is proportional to the rate of change of
the magnetic flux linking the circuit.
Lenzs law state:
-The direction of an induced e.m.f is always such that it tends to set up a current opposing
the motion or change of flux responsible for inducing that e.m.f
An alternative method to lenzs law of determining relative direction is given by
Flemings Right hand rule which states;
Let the thumb, first finger and second finger of the right hand be so that they are all at
right angles to one another. If the first finger points in the direction of the magnetic field and the
thumb points in the direction of the motion of the conductor relative to the magnetic field, then
the second finger will point in the direction of the induced e.m.f (Bird, 2003).
Magnetic Flux
Magnetic Flux is the amount of magnetic field (or the number of lines of force) produced
by a magnetic source. The symbol for magnetic flux is (Greek letter Phi). The unit of
magnetic flux is the weber, Wb. The Magnetic Flux Density is the amount of flux passing
through a defined area that is perpendicular to the direction of the flux. The symbol for Magnetic
Flux Density is B and the unit is Tesla:

NETWORKS ANALYSIS 2 ASSIGNMENT: MAGNETIC CIRCUITS

Magnetic flux density = Magnetic flux/area; Where

1 T = 1 Wb/m2

The magnetic field intensity (H) is the magnetic field of an electrically charged current.
The magnetic field intensity is operationally defined and measured by a long coil whose own
field intensity exactly equalizes the field being measured (McLaughlin, 2015).

The Magnetic constant (0), also known as vacuum permeability and permeability of free
space. Relative permeability, sometimes denoted by the symbol r, is the ratio of the permeability
of a specific medium to the permeability of free space 0:
0 = 4

107

T m/A
r = / 0

The expression used to express the magnitude of an induced voltage when a conductor
cuts a gived magnetic field is called electromagnetic induction or simply magnetic induction.
Electromagnetic or Magnetic induction is the voltage across an electrical conductor due to its
dynamic interaction with a magnetic field (N.a, 2016).

NETWORKS ANALYSIS 2 ASSIGNMENT: MAGNETIC CIRCUITS

There were two factors that affected how much voltage was induced in the coil across the
electrical conductor:
1 Number of turns of wire in the coil; this increased the amount of wire exposed to the
magnetic field. The results of Faradays experiments show that the induced voltage increased in
direct proportion to the number of turns in the electrical coil.
2 How quickly the magnetic field changes There are many ways that we can make a
magnetic field change. one way is to change the strength of the field produced by the magnet, if
we use an electro magnet to produce the magnetic field, we can turn the magnet on and off or
vary the current to change the strength of the field. The second way is to move the field relative
to the conductor; we can do this by moving the coil around in the field, or, by moving the magnet
around the coil.
If a charged particle resides in the presence of both an electric field E and a magnetic
force B, then the total electromagnetic force acting on it is:

The force expressed by this equation is known as the Lorentz force (Ulaby, Michielssen
& Ravaioli, 2010)
The magnetic field B is defined from the Lorentz Force Law, and specifically from the
magnetic force on a moving charge:

NETWORKS ANALYSIS 2 ASSIGNMENT: MAGNETIC CIRCUITS

(image here and below borrowed from: http://hyperphysics.phyastr.gsu.edu/hbase/magnetic/magfor.html)

The implications of this expression include:
- The force is perpendicular to both the velocity v of the charge q and the magnetic field B.
- The magnitude of the force is F = qvB sin where is the angle < 180 degrees between the
velocity and the magnetic field. This implies that the magnetic force on a stationary charge or a
charge moving parallel to the magnetic field is zero.

When the magnetic force relationship is applied to a current-carrying wire, the right-hand
rule may be used to determine the direction of force on the wire.

NETWORKS ANALYSIS 2 ASSIGNMENT: MAGNETIC CIRCUITS

From the force relationship above it can be deduced that the units of magnetic field are
Newton seconds /(Coulomb meter) or Newtons per Ampere meter. This unit is named the Tesla.
It is a large unit, and the smaller unit Gauss is used for small fields like the Earth's magnetic
field. A Tesla is 10,000 Gauss.

Reference

Bird, J., .(2003). Electrical and electronic Principles and Technology (2nd ed.) [PDF]
McLaughlin, H., Mr. (2015, May 16). Why are magnetic flux intensity (H) and magnetic
flux density (B) equal in free space? Retrieved September 17, 2016, from
https://www.quora.com/Why-are-magnetic-flux-intensity-H-and-magnetic-flux-density-B-equalin-free-space
N.a, (2016, August 19). Electromagnetic induction. Retrieved
September 17, 2016, from
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_induction

NETWORKS ANALYSIS 2 ASSIGNMENT: MAGNETIC CIRCUITS

N.a, (N.a). Magnetic force. Retrieved September 17, 2016, from

http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/magnetic/magfor.html
N.a, (2003). Electromagnetic Induction: Definition & Variables that
Affect Induction. Retrieved September 17, 2016 from
http://study.com/academy/lesson/electromagnetic-induction-definitionvariables-that-affect-induction.html?
src=ppc_bing_nonbrand&AdGroupId=3970606326&AdId=11583278903&Ord
erItemId=23585645663&kwid=kwd23585645663&agid=3970606326&mt=p&device=c&network=o
(Ulaby, Michielssen & Ravaioli). (2010). Fundamentals of Applied
Electromagnetics (6th ed.) [PDF]