Origin: Sacrum, lumbar vertebrae and lower thoratic vertebrae Iliac

Crest/ ribs
Lattisimus Dorsi

Insertion: Humerus (Anterior proximal)

Joint: Shoulder
Action:Extension, Adduction, Internal rotation
Origin: Scapula (Inferior angle)

Teres Major

Insertion: Humerusw (Anterior, proximal)

Joint: Shoulder/ Scapula
Action: Extension, Adduction and internal rotation
Origin: Sternum, Clavicle and ribs
Insertion: Humerus (Anterior proximal)

Pectoralis Major

Joint: Shoulde
Action: Horizontal flexion, shoulder flexion, adduction and internal
rotation
Origin: Clavicle

Deltoid Anterior

Insertion: Lateral proximal humerus

Joint: shoulder
Action:flexion, horizonal flexion, internal rotation
Origin: Acromion process

Deltoid Medial

Insertion: lateral proximal humerus

Joint: shoulder
Action:abduction
Origin: Spine of scapula

Deltoid Posterior

Insertion: lateral proximal humerus

Joint: Shoulder
Action: extension, horizontal extension, external rotation
Origin: Scapula

Biceps brachii

Insertion: Radius
Joint: Shoulder and elbow
Action: shoulder flexion, elbow flexion and supination of the forearm

Brachialis

Origin: Humerus (distal anterior)

Insertion: Ulna (proximal anterior)

Joint: Elbow
Action: Elbox flexion
Origin: Humerus (distal lateral)
Brachioradialis

Insertion: Radius (distal lateral)

Joint: Elbow
Action: Elbow flexion
Origin: Scapular and humerus

Triceps brachii

Insertion: Ulna
Joint: Shoulder/ Elbow
Action: Shoulder extension and elbox extension
Origin: Lumbar vertebrae, Transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae

Psoas Major (Hip flexor)

Insertion: Femur, Lesser trocanter

Joint: Hip
Action:Hip flexion, trunk flexion, lateral rotation
Origin: Ilium (Iliac fossa)

Iliacus (Hip flexor)

Insertion: Femur (lesser trochanter)

Joint: Hip
Action: hip flexion, lateral rotation
Origin: Iliac crest, sacrum and coccyx

Gluteus maximus

Insertion: femur and iliotibial tract

Joint: Hip
Action: Hip extension, external rotation
Origin: Ilium (Outer surface)

Gluteus minimus

Insertion: Femur (Greater trochanter)

Joint: Hip
Action: Hip abduction, internal rotation
Origin: Ilium (outer surface)

Gluteus Medius

Insertion: Fenur (greater trochanter)

Joint: Hip
Action: Hip abduction, internal rotation

Rectus femoris (Quads)

Origin: Iliac crest, Anterior, inferior iliac spine (AIIS)

Insertion: Tibia

Joint: Hip/ knee

Action: hip flexion, knee extension
Origin: femur (greater trochanter and linea aspera)
Vastus lateralis

Insertion: Tibia
Joint: knee
Action: knee extension
Origin: Femur

Vastus Medialis

Insertion: tibia
Joint: knee
Action: knee extension
Origin: Femur (anterior lateral)

Vastus intermedius

Insertion: Tibia
Joint: Knee
Action: Knee extension
Origin: Ishial tuberosity

Biceps Femoris

Insertion: Lateral condyle of tibia and fibula head

Joint: Hip/ knee
Action: Hip extension, knee flexion
Origin: Ishial tuberosity

Semi-tendinosus and Semi-

Insertion: Tibia (Medial surface)

membranosus

Joint: Hip/knee
Action: Hip extension/ knee flexion
Origin: Femur (lateral and medial condyles)

Gastrocnemius

Insertion: Tarsals (calcaneous via achilles tendon)

Joint: Knee/ Ankle
Action: Knee flexion, ankle plantar flexion
Origin: tibia (Medial border) and head of fibula

Soleus

Insertion: Tarsals (calcaneous via achilles tendon)

Joint: Ankle
Action: Ankle plantar flexion

Tibialus anterior

Origin: Tibia
Insertion: Metatarsals

Joint: Ankle, Metatarsals

Action: Dorsiflexion, ankle inversion
Origin: Vertebral Column
Insertion: Vertebral column
Erector spinae

Joint: Vertebral/ trunk

Action: Extends vertebral column, maintains erect posture, Assists in
head rotation
Origin: Iliac crest

Quadratus lumborum

Insertion: Ribs (12th) and lumbar vertebrae (1st - 4th)

Joint: Vertebral/ trunk
Action: Latreral Flexion, Lateral extension, lateral pelvic tilt
Origin: 6th - 12th ribs, lumbar vertebrae and iliac crest via the
lumbothoracic fascia from the transverse processes of L1-5.

Transverse abdominis

Insertion: Linea alba Xiphoid process (at bottom of sternum and) and
pubis
Joint: Vertebral/ trunk
Action: Abdomen compression
Origin: Pubis, Pubic symphisis

Rectus abdominus

Insertion: 5th - 7th rib

Joint: Vertebral/ trunk
Action: Trunk flexion
Origin: Ribs 4th -12th pair of ribs

External abdominal oblique

Insertion: Iliac crest to linea alba

Joint: vertebral/ trunk
Action: Lateral flexion, rotation, flexion
Origin: Iliac crest and the thoracic lumbar fascia
Insertion: Ribs and Linea alba

Internal abdominal oblique

Joint: Vertebral/ trunk

Action: Lateral flexion, rotation, flexion

Multifidus

Origin: Transverse processes of vertebra

Insertion: Spinous processes of all the vertebra

Joint: stabiliser controls rotation

Origin: Occipital bone and posterior ligaments of the neck
Insertion: Clavicle
Trapezius (Upper)

Joint: Scapula
Action: Scapula elevation, lateral rotation of neck and neck
extension
Origin: Spinous processes of 7th cervical and 1st - 3rd thoracic
vertebrae

Trapezius (Middle)

Insertion: accromion process and spine of scapula

Joint: Scapula
Action: Scapula retraction, lateral rotation
Origin: 4th - 12th thoracic vertebrae

Trapezius (Lower)

Insertion: Spine of scapula

Joint: Scapula
Action: Scapula depression
Origin: Cervical Vertebrae c1- c4 trasverse processes

Levator Scapulae

Insertion: Scapula (superior)

Joint: Scapula and neck
Action: Scapula elevation, Lateral flexion of neck, neck extension
Origin: C7- T1 spinpous processes
Insertion: medial border of scapula

Rhomboids (Minor)

Joint: Scapula
Action: Retraction
Insertion
Origin: T2 - T5 spinous processes

Rhomboids (Major)

Insertion: Medial border and inferior angle of scapula

Joint: Scapula
Action: Retraction and medial rotation
Origin: Ribs - anterior (3rd - 5th pair of ribs)

Pectoralis Minor

Insertion: Scapula (Coracoid Process)

Joint: Scapula
Action: Scapula protraction and depression

Origin: Ribs - upper 9 ribs

Serratus anterior

Insertion: Scapula, Medial border

Joint: Scapula
Action: Scapula protraction and lateral rotation
Origin: Sternum and clavicle

Sternocleidomastoid

Insertion: skull mastoid process

Joint: Neck
Action: Neck flexion and lateral flexion
Origin: Above the scapula spine

Supraspinatus

Insertion: Head of Humerus

Joint: Shoulder
Action: Abduction stabiliser
Origin: Below the scapula spine

Infraspinatus

Insertion: Head of humerus

Joint: Shoulder
Action: External rotation stabiliser
Origin: Anterior surface of scapula

Subscapularis

Insertion: head of humerus

Joint: Shoulder
Action: internal roatation stabiliser
Origin: Lateral border of scapula

Teres Minor

Insertion: head of humerus

Joint: Shoulder
Action: external rotation stabiliser
Origin: Pubis and ishium

Adductor Magnus

Insertion: Femur
Joint: Hip
Action: Hip adduction and hip flexion
Origin: Pubis

Adductor Brevis

Insertion: Femur
Joint: Hip
Action: hip adduction and flexion

Origin: Pubis
Adductor longis

Insertion: Femur
Joint: Hip
Action: Hip adduction and hip flexion
Origin: Pubis

Pectineus

Insertion: Femur (Proximal posterior)

Joint: Hip
Action: Hip adduction, Hip flexion
Origin: Pubis

Gracilis

Insertion: Tibia (Medial proximal)

Joint: Hip/ knee
Action: Hip adduction, Hip flexion, knee flexion
Origin: Iliac crest

Tensor fascia latae

Insertion: Tibia via illotibial tract

Joint: hip
Action: Hip flexion, hip abduction
Origin: Ilium (Anterior superior)

Sartorius

Insertion: Tibia
Joint: Hip
Action: Hip flexion, lateral rotation, knee flexion