TESTING & Drilling Introduction

TESTING & DRILLING

INTRODUCTION

FTC-SWT
28 April 2003

TESTING & Drilling Introduction

Client questions:

What is the size of my reservoir?

How much will it produce?
What fluids are going to be produce?

Aim of Well Testing:

Identification of produced fluids.

Determination of reservoir
deliverability.
Data used to predict reservoir size

FTC-SWT
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TESTING & Drilling Introduction

Well Testing
Well Testing

determines Production capabilities

determines Reservoir properties

Well testing is the only technique that examines a significant portion

of the reservoir under dynamic conditions.
Accurate, long-term projections about a reservoir cannot be made
based on wireline and others static techniques..
Tests on oil or gas wells are performed at various stages of drilling
(after open hole logging), completion and production, and for different
purposes.
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TESTING & Drilling Introduction

Data acquired when a reservoir is tested:
Flow rates ; oil, gas, water & solids
Pressure and Temperature , surface & bottom hole
PVT samples of representative reservoir fluids , surface
and bottom hole

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TESTING & Drilling Introduction

Fixed rigs
Jack up

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Land rig

Drilling Operations

TESTING & Drilling Introduction

Floating rigs
Semi-Submersible

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Drilling Operations

Drillship

TESTING & Drilling Introduction

Water Depth vs. Rig Types

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Drilling Operations

TESTING & Drilling Introduction

3 categories of well:

Vertical
Deviated
Horizontal
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Drilling Operations

TESTING & Drilling Introduction

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Drilling Operations

TESTING & Drilling Introduction

Land Rig

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Drilling Operations

TESTING & Drilling Introduction

Rig Hoisting System

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Drilling Operations

TESTING & Drilling Introduction

Rig Floor

draw works

dog house
drive
mouse hole
rat hole
Drillers console
V-door ramp

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Drilling Operations

TESTING & Drilling Introduction

Rotary System

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Drilling Operations

TESTING & Drilling Introduction

In the Rotary Table

Bushings

Slips

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Drilling Operations

TESTING & Drilling Introduction

Rotating System
Kelly & Rotary Table drill 1 joint at a time.
Power swivel drills in stands (3 x 30/2 x 45)
Downhole motor does not require string
rotation.

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Drilling Operations

TESTING & Drilling Introduction

BOP stack Location
All Floating Rigs

All Fixed Rigs

Just Bellow Rig Floor

Ground level

Sea level

Sea bed

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Drilling Operations

Sea Bed

TESTING & Drilling Introduction

Blow Out Preventers
Main Components
Wellhead Connector
Pipe Rams
Shear Rams
Blind Rams
Annular Preventers
Drilling Valve
Drilling Choke Manifold
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Drilling Operations

TESTING & Drilling Introduction

BOP stack

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Drilling Operations

TESTING & Drilling Introduction

BOP stack / Pipe Rams
Fit a specific pipe size
Need pipe to make a seal

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Drilling Operations

TESTING & Drilling Introduction

BOP stack / Shear Rams
Both shears drill pipe and seals the hole
Capacity to cut through 6-5/8 drill pipe
Emergency equipment

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Drilling Operations

TESTING & Drilling Introduction

BOP stack
HYDRILL : Annular Preventer
Close/seal on any object in the
wellbore

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Drilling Operations

TESTING & Drilling Introduction

Why do we need a BOP stack ?

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Drilling Operations

TESTING & Drilling Introduction

Tubulars

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Drilling Operations

TESTING & Drilling Introduction

Rig Circulating System

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Drilling Operations

TESTING & Drilling Introduction

Drilling Fluids
The drilling fluid is an essential part of the drilling and well control system.
It can be either water or oil based
Mud is used to:
- Cool the bit
- Remove cuttings
- Lubricate the bit
- Provides a pressure to overcome that of the formation
- Makes a mud cake to seal permeable formation
- Operate down hole motor / turbine
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TESTING & Drilling Introduction

Mud weights
The mud density is kept at a level to overcome expected reservoir
pressures and keep the well at a positive overpressure.
It should be not too heavy or it will crack the formation, resulting in lost
circulation

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Drilling Operations

TESTING & Drilling Introduction

Casing
Casings start large and gradually
become smaller
Casing sizes are always given as
Outside Diameter
The Inner Diameter depends on
the weight

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TESTING & Drilling Introduction

Casing

Liner 5-1/2

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TESTING & Drilling Introduction

Cementing
Cementing is used to fix the casing in place and provide mechanical
strength to the system.
The most essential use of cementing is to seal one zone from
another.
If the cement is found poor, a squeeze has to be made to repair the
deficit.

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TESTING & Drilling Introduction

Logging
Logging is a process of obtaining informations about the formation
after the well has been drilled.
A sensor is lowered into the well on the end of an electrical cable.
This provides power and transmits the data to the surface where it is
presented in the form of a graph against depth.
- resistivity (high) logs show where the hydrocarbon may be
- porosity logs show porous zones
- sonic and density logs give information about the rock types
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TESTING & Drilling Introduction

Testing and Logging
Few logs are useful in Testing operations:
Gamma ray shows shale & clean zones, gives net & gross pay
Cement bond logs shows how good the cement is
Corrosion logs shows possible problems inside & outside casing
Production logs shows flow in the well
CCL shows the casing collars

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TESTING & Drilling Introduction

Life of a well

SEISMIC
DRILLING / GEOLOGY
LOGGING
DST / TESTING
PRODUCTION / TESTING

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TESTING & Drilling Introduction

Life of a well
Surface Seismic consists of making a noise and listening for the
returning reflected signals

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Drilling Operations

TESTING & Drilling Introduction

Life of a well

A surface seismic with the interpreted model above

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Drilling Equipment

TESTING & Drilling Introduction

Life of a well
In addition to seismic there are:
Geology
-The geologist goes to identify potential cap and reservoir rocks
Geochemistry
-The geochemistry tries to identify the source rock and also the
possible migration path to the reservoir rock

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TESTING & Drilling Introduction

Life of a well
Drilling
The objective of a well is to reach a reservoir zone safely and
efficiently and then produce the fluids

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TESTING & Drilling Introduction

Life of a well

Drilled
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Cased

Perforated

Produced

Workover Recompleted

TESTING & Drilling Introduction

To look at the special animations:

Wellinst.exe (drilling a well)

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TESTING & Drilling Introduction

The END

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28 April 2003