10/11/2015

EndocrineSystemReviewflashcards|Quizlet

Endocrine System Review

42 terms by ruralbiology

Like this study set? Create a free account to save it.

Create a free account

endocrine system

a collection of glands and groups of

cells thats secrete hormones that
regulate growth,development, and
homeostsis

hormones

chemical "messengers" of the

endocrine system that are released
into the blood

protein hormones

class of hormones that cannot pass

through the cell membrane; less likely
to be stored in the body

steroid hormone

class of hormones that can pass

through the cell membrane; can be
stored in the body

prostaglandins

local hormones that do not enter the

bloodstream

positive feedback

Process that amplifies a small change

(Reinforce change)

negative feedback

a response that opposes the original

stimulus

https://quizlet.com/208841/endocrinesystemreviewflashcards/

1/5

10/11/2015

EndocrineSystemReviewflashcards|Quizlet

one messenger model

mechanism of hormone action used by

steroid hormones which bring their
message directly into the cell

two messenger model

mechanism of hormone action used by

protein hormones; attach to cell
membrane receptors which activate
enzymes in the cell to produce the
desired effect

hypersecretion

excessive hormone production by an

endocrine gland

hyposecretion

deficient hormone production by an

endocrine gland

pituitary gland

the master gland of the endocrine

system

growth hormone

hormone secreted by anterior pituitary

gland that stimulates growth of bones

luteinizing hormone

A protein hormone secreted by the

anterior pituitary that stimulates
ovulation in females and androgen
production in males.

Prolactin

Peptide hormone released by anterior

pituitary which promotes lactation.

follicle stimulating hormone

secreted in increasing amounts during

puberty, by the anterior pituitary gland,
to stimulate development of
reproductive cell follicles

adrenocorticotropic hormone

A peptide hormone released from the

anterior pituitary, it stimulates the
production and secretion of steroid
hormones by the adrenal cortex.

oxytocin

A hormone produced by the

hypothalamus and released from the
posterior pituitary. It induces
contractions of the uterine muscles
during labor.

https://quizlet.com/208841/endocrinesystemreviewflashcards/

2/5

10/11/2015

EndocrineSystemReviewflashcards|Quizlet

antidiuretic hormone

hormone secreted by the posterior

pituitary gland which aids in water
reabsorption by the kidney

hypothalamus

part of the brain which links the

endocine and nervous system, and
controls the pituitary gland.

acromegaly

Hypersecretion of the GH in adults

which causes an overgrowth of bones
in the hands, feet, and face

thyroid gland

gland found in neck that regulates rate

of metabolism; produces thyroxine

calcitonin

Produced by the thyroid gland and

decreases the blood calcium levels by
stimulating calcium deposit in the
bones. The antagonist of the
parathyroid hormone.

parahormone

secreted by parathyroid glands and

controls calcium and phosphate
metabolism

tetany

condition affecting nerves causing

muscle spasms as a result of low
amounts of calcium in the blood
caused by a deficiency of the
parathyroid hormone

osteoporosis

a condition in which the body's bones

become weak and break easily; may be
caused by hypersecretion of
parahormone

adrenal gland

one of a pair of ductless glands, located

above the kidneys, consisting of a
cortex, which produces steroidal
hormones, and a medulla, which
produces epinephrine and
norepinephrine.

cortex

outer part of kidney which produces

corticosteroids; helps body deal with
longtern stress

https://quizlet.com/208841/endocrinesystemreviewflashcards/

3/5

10/11/2015

EndocrineSystemReviewflashcards|Quizlet

medulla

inner part of kidney which produces

epineprine and norepinephrine

cortisol

secreted from the adrenal cortex, aids

the body during stress by regulating
glucose, carbohydrates, and fat levels

aldosterone

a corticosteroid hormone that is

secreted by the cortex of the adrenal
gland, regulates mineral balance in
blood and controls fluid volumes

Cushing syndrome

excessive production of cortisol by

adrenal cortex with symptoms of
abnormal fat deposits and wasting
away of muscle

pancreas

located partially behind the stomach in

the abdomen, and it functions as both
an endocrine and exocrine gland. It
produces digestive enzymes as well as
insulin and glucagon

insulin

a hormone secreted by the beta cells of

the Islets of Langerhans of the
pancreas responsible for regulating the
metabolism of glucose

glucagon

hormone secreted by alpha cells of the

pancreas; raises blood glucose levels

diabetes

a condition in which the pancreas fails

to produce enough insulin or the
body's cells cannot use it properly,
characterized by excessive thirst,
weight loss/gain, frequent urination.

estrogen

a general term for female steroid sex

hormones that are secreted by the
ovary and responsible for typical
female sexual characteristics

progesterone

A hormone produced by the ovaries

which acts with estrogen to bring about
the menstral cycle.

https://quizlet.com/208841/endocrinesystemreviewflashcards/

4/5

10/11/2015

EndocrineSystemReviewflashcards|Quizlet

testosterone

The male sex hormone produced by

the testes which promotes the
maturation of the reproductive system
accessory structures, and development
of the male secondary sex
characteristics.

pineal gland

A small mass of tissue near the center

of the brain; it secretes the hormone
melatonin.

melatonin

Hormone secreted by the pineal gland,

used to regulate sleep patterns.

Thymus gland

Gland located near the heart; it aids in

the body's defence against infection by
making antibodies

https://quizlet.com/208841/endocrinesystemreviewflashcards/

5/5