336 PDF

A
REPORT ON
GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION
FOR
THE PROPOSED
MINOR AND MAJOR BRIDGES
FOR
CONSTRUCTION OF DEDICATED
FREIGHTS CORRIDOR
FROM SONNAGAR (KM 549.04) TO KARCHANA (KM
804.73) ON
EASTERN FREIGHT CORRIDOR
- MINOR BRIDGE NO.- MZP Detour
PROPOSED BRIDGE NO 336
CLIENT:
DEDICATED FREIGHT CORRIDOR
CORPORATION
OF INDIA LTD.
(A PSU UNDER MINISTRY OF RAILWAYS)
IRCON OFFICE, ROOM NO.-60, 6TH FLOOR, PALIKA
BHAWAN, R.K. PURAM, NEW DELHI-110066
CONDUCTED
BY
RODIC CONSULTANTS PVT. LTD.

326-B, ROAD NO. 4, ASHOK NAGAR,
RANCHI-834002 , JHARKHAND
YEAR- 2008
CONTENTS
Section
Page
1.0
Introduction
2.0
Field Exploration
1-2
2.1
Boring
2.2
Sampling
2-3
2.3 Standard Penetration Test
Measurement of Water Table
3.0
Laboratory Testing
4.0
Soil Profile and Properties
4-5
5.0
Hydrogeology
6.0
Chemical Tests on soil samples
7.0
Calculations for shallow foundation
6-7
8.0
Discussions on Foundation
9.0
Recommendations
Figure 1: Distribution of Field N-value with depth
Table 1: Laboratory Test Results
10
Borelog
11
Grain size distribution curves
12
e-logp Plot
13
Shear plots
14
Page 1
Project: Dedicated Freights Corridor- Bridge No. -MZP Detour
1.
Introduction
Soil exploration, investigation and testing of soil samples for the Proposed Minor and Major
Bridges for Construction of Dedicated Freights Corridor from Sonnagar (km 549.04) to
Mugal Sarai (km 804.73) on Eastern Freight Corridor Bridge No. -MZP Detour was
entrusted to M/s Rodic Consultants Pvt. Ltd., 326-B, Road No.-4, Ashok Nagar, Ranchi834002, Jharkhand. The objective was to ascertain the subsoil characteristics and
stratification and other necessary data of soil condition of the site for the proposed Minor
Bridge No. 336. The field work involved in the investigation including boring, recovery of
samples and in-situ tests were carried on 6th September, 2008.
The scope of the work comprised of sinking one borehole. It included advancing the
boreholes by auger and rotary equipment. The boreholes were of 150 mm in diameter. The
scope also included conducting standard penetration tests (SPT), collecting disturbed samples
at regular intervals for identification and logging purposes, collecting undisturbed tube
samples at suitable intervals or at change of strata whichever is earlier and testing these in the
laboratory.
Based on the above, this report presents the subsoil profile and laboratory and field test
results. On the basis of field tests and laboratory test results and their analysis thereof, the
most suitable type of foundation with its safe bearing capacity is suggested. The field profile
was sometimes modified in the light of laboratory test results.
2.
Field Exploration
Geotechnical Investigation was envisaged in an attempt for optimisation in the design of

foundation for the proposed structures to be constructed at this site. The entire Investigation
programme had been divided mainly into two parts, I) Field works & II) Laboratory tests.
I)
Field works unfold the sub-surface deposit types and their characteristics
II)
Laboratory tests part would help determining the relevant physical and geotechnical
properties of the sub-surface deposits leading to finalisation of foundation depths of
the structures and the bearing capacity with particular reference to the sub-surface
Page 2
types and their strength parameters and settlement potentials at the site.
A list of the boreholes with the terminating depth and standing water level are
presented in a tabular form below:
Bore Hole Terminating

No.
Depth (m)
1
2.1
12.45
R.L. of
Borehole
Top
94.80
Water Table
below
Date of
Date of
Borehole top commencement completion
(m)
-0.20
06.09.08
06.09.08
Boring
Boring was carried out by auger and rotary method as per IS 1892-1979 to sink
nominal 150 mm diameter boreholes to desired depths and operated by a team of
experienced technicians. Flush jointed seamless casings were used to stabilize the
boreholes and prevent caving of the soil inside the boreholes. The casing pipes were
advanced by turning in order to minimize the disturbance. Undisturbed soil samples
were collected at suitable intervals or at change of strata whichever is met earlier by
open drive sampling method since it was intended to ascertain the subsoil
characteristics. The standing water table in each borehole was determined at least 24
hours after the termination of boring work.
2.2
Sampling
Nominal 100 mm diameter undisturbed samples were recovered. The sampling
equipment used consists of a two-tier assembly of sample tubes 400 mm in length
fitted at its lower end. The sampling assembly was driven by means of a jarring link
to its full length or as far down as was found practicable. After withdrawal the ends of
the tubes were sealed with wax at both ends and capped before transmission to the
laboratory. At close intervals in depth, disturbed samples were collected both from
split spoon sampler after the standard penetration test and from cutting edge for
identification and logging purpose. These were tagged and packed in polythene
Page 3
packets and transported to the laboratory. The depthwise locations of all the
undisturbed and disturbed samples were used in the preparation of borehole log data
and for general identification and classification purposes. The details of boring are
presented in the Appendix in the form of bore log sheets.
2.3
Standard Penetration Test

Standard Penetration Tests were conducted in the boreholes at suitable intervals as
per IS: 2131-1963 using a split spoon sampler. The split spoon sampler used is of a
standard design having an outer diameter of 50.8 mm and inner diameter of 35 mm,
driving with a monkey weighing 63.5 kgs, falling freely from a height of 75 cm. A
record of the number of blows required to penetrate every 15 cm to a maximum depth
of 45 cm was made. The first 15 cm of drive was considered to be seating drive and
was neglected. The total blows required to effect each 15 cm of penetration was
recorded. The N values were obtained by counting the number of blows required to
drive the spoon from 15 cm to 45 cm. On completion of a test, the split spoon sampler
was opened and soil specimens were preserved in polythene bags for logging
purpose.
All the boreholes were sunk with winch. However, raising of hammer for SPT was
done manually. Hence there will not be any inertia loss and the efficiency of hammer
blows should be considered as 100%.
2.4
Measurement of Water Table

Level of water was noted when struck in. This is termed as observed water level.
Standing water level was noted during initial stages of boring, intermediate stage of
boring and after 24 hours of removal of casing was also noted and shown in the
profile.
Page 4
3.
Laboratory Testing
For proper identification and classification of the sub-soil deposits and for deriving adequate
information regarding its relevant physical and geotechnical properties at the site under
investigation, the soil samples from the sampling tubes were extracted in the laboratory by
pushing out the core by using the extractor frame. The core was jacked out in a direction that
corresponded with the soil movement within the tube during sampling. In general, the
following laboratory tests were conducted on the soil samples collected from the exploratory
bore holes and sampling points:
a) Visual Engineering Classification
b) Grain size analysis (Sieve as well as Hydrometer).
c) Consistency Limits.
d) Determination of Natural Moisture Content (water content).
e) Determination of Specific Gravity.
f) Determination of Bulk & Dry Unit Weight.
g) Unconsolidated Undrained Triaxial Test
h) Direct Shear Test
i) Chemical Tests on soil samples
Page 5

4.
Soil Profile and Properties

Based on visual classification and results of field and laboratory tests on the samples
recovered the proposed site may be divided into the following major soil strata as
described below:
Shear strength
Parameters
0.0
0.70
0.70
3.70
10
1.87
50
23
3.70
8.10
16 to 23
1.90*
32
12
8.10
12.45
32 to 37
1.92
45
19
Depth below EGL

(m)
Stiff yellowish grey with bluish
II
Plasticity Index
(%)
Yellowish grey clayey silt.
To
Liquid Limit
(%)
From
Bulk Density
(t/m3)
Description
Average Field
N-Value
Stratum No.
Layer Details
patches silty clay mixed kankar.
with bluish patches sandy silt.

Hard yellowish grey with bluish
IV
pathces silty clay mixed with
=0 deg
C=10.0* t/m2,
Stiff to very stiff yellowish grey
III
C=6.0 t/m2,
=0 deg
C=13.0 t/m2,
=0 deg
kankar.
*Suggested
A distribution of Field N-value with depth are shown in Figure 1.

5.
Hydrogeology
The ground water table at the site was found to exist at 0.20m below the ground level
for the boreholes explored during the time of investigation work.
6.
Chemical Tests on soil samples
Chemical Tests on soil samples were carried out to determine pH, Chloride and sulpate
content. The test results are tabulated below:
Borehole
No.
Depth
(m)
pH at
25o C
Chloride
(mg/kg)
Sulphate
(mg/kg)
Page 6

7.
7.5
8.03
412.0
25.4
Calculations for Shallow Foundation

Bearing Capacity
For a shallow foundation resting, the following bearing capacity relations may be
used as specified by IS: 6403-1981.
The net ultimate baring capacity
q net ultimate = Cu .Nc .Sc .dc .ic + q.(Nq-1). Sq .dq .iq + 0.5.B. . N .S .d .i .W
The net safe bearing capacity is calculated as
q net safe = q net ultimate/FOS
where, Cu = undrained cohesion of the soil
Nc, Nq, N = bearing capacity factors
Sc, Sq, S = shape factor
dc, dq, d = depth factor
ic, iq, i = inclination factor
q = effective surcharge at the base level of the foundation
W = correction factor for water table location
B = least width of the foundation
= bulk unit weight of foundation soil
FOS = factor of safety
Settlement
The foundation settlement occurs for cohesive layers of soil which are stressed due to
the superstructure loads. The settlements may be computed using the following
relations following IS: 8009(Part-I)-1976.
Immediate settlement
= {qnet . B.(1- 2).Ip.}/E
Page 7

Consolidation settlement
where,
= mv . p . H
qnet = net pressure on soil

B = least width of the foundation
E = modulus of elasticity of soil
= Poissons ratio
Ip = Influence factor
mv = co-efficient of volume compressibility
H = Thickness of compressible layer
p =Effective overburden pressure at the center of the corresponding
layer
8.
Discussions on Foundation
In view of the sub-soil formation encountered in the area of bridge no. -MZP Detour
, open foundation in the form of raft for the proposed box structure may be provided.
The bearing capacities for such raft foundation along with settlement are tabulated
below.
Foundation
Type
Foundation
size
Depth of
foundation
10.0mx2.0m
Isolated
footing
10.0mx3.0m
10.0mx4.0m
0.5m below
E.G.L.
Safe bearing
capacity
(t/m2)
Allowable
settlement
(mm)
12.0
75
11.5
75
11.0
75
Page 8
9.
Recommendations
The subsoil characteristic the Proposed Minor and Major Bridges for Construction of
Dedicated Freights Corridor from Sonnagar (km 549.04) to Karchana (km 804.73) on Eastern
Freight Corridor Minor Bridge No. -MZP Detour
was determined from detail soil exploration with one borehole.
Open foundation in the form of raft for the proposed box structure may be provided.
The proposed foundation shall be placed at 0.5m below existing ground level.
Bearing capacities for such foundation shall be governed as suggested in section 8.0.
GEOTECHNICAL CONSULTANT
Dr. S. K. BOSE
B.C.E., M.C.E. (Soil), Ph.D.
Page: 11
RODIC CONCULTANTS PVT.LTD.

Project:
BORE / DRILL LOG
Geotechnical Investigation for Mugalsarai to Allahabad.
Bore Hole No. :
BH- 01
Location : Bridge No:MZP Detour
R.L. of Borehole Top:94.80m
Method of Boring / Drilling: Rotary Standing Water Level :
0.20m b.g.l
Boring / Drilling :
150 mm
0.50
1.00
To
06.09.08
N' Value
30-45 cm
15-30 cm
SPT : No. of blows

00-15 cm
Nature of Sampling
To
From
Depth (m)
Length (m)
Date:- 06.09.08
Date (dd / mm)
Dia.of
Description
Yellowish grey clayey silt.

0.70m
1.50
1.95
0.45
3.00
3.40
0.40
10
Stiff yellowish grey with bluish patches silty

clay mixed kankar.
3.70m
4.00
4.50
D
4.95
0.45
6.00
16
10
13
23
7.50
7.95
0.45
9.00
9.40
0.40
10.50
10.95
0.45
14
18
32
12.00
12.45
0.45
17
20
37
12.45
Stiff to very stiff yellowish grey with bluish

patches sandy silt.
8.10m
Hard yellowish grey with bluish pathces silty cla
mixed with kankar.
(Termination Depth)
Abbreviations: U-Undisturbed Sample D-Disturbed Sample P-Standard Penetration Test
Page: 9
Rodic Consaltants Pvt. Ltd.
N-Value
10
15
20
25
30
35
0.00
2.00
Depth (m)
4.00
6.00
8.00
BH-01
10.00
12.00
Figure 1: Distribution of Field N-Value with Depth
Bridge No- MZP Detour
40
Page 10
Bridge No- MZP Detour
2.30 2.60 67.4 27.7
Co-hesion (kg/cm )
2.68
0.25-0.5
0.5-1.0
1.0-2.0
2.0-4.0
4.0-8.0
0.0252
0.0219
0.0192
0.0157
0.0118
4.0
2.67
0.25-0.5
0.5-1.0
1.0-2.0
2.0-4.0
4.0-8.0
0.0277
0.0264
0.0219
0.0174
0.0113
mv (cm /kg)
3.0
Pressure Range
2
(kg/cm )
Type of Test
Plasticity Index (%)
Plastic Limit (%)
Liquid Limit(%)
Dry density( gm/c.c.)
Sp.Gravity
10.00 72.4 17.6
28.5 1.875 1.459 50.0 27.0 23.0 UU 0.60
Angle of Friction
(degree)
16
Bulk Density (gm/cc)
9.00-9.40
1.20 2.00 63.5 33.3
Natural Moisture
Content (%)
Clay (%)
4.50-4.95
Silt (%)
Sand (%)
3.00-3.40
Gravel (%)
Depth (m)
Standard Penetration
Resistance N value
Type
BH-1
Bore Hole No.
TABLE-1 LABORATORY TEST RESULTS
32.0 19.4 12.6

26.4 1.928 1.525 45.2 25.8 19.4 UU 1.30
Page: 12
Project
Bridge NoMZP Detour
GRAIN SIZE DISTRIBUTION CURVES

100.0
Percentage finer
80.0
60.0
40.0
20.0
0.0
0.001
0.01
BH-1,UDS (3.0-3.4m)
Grain size (mm)

Sample No.
BH-1,UDS (3.0-3.4m)
BH-1,UDS (6.0-6.4m)
BH-1,SPT (7.50-7.95m)
100
0.1
Grain size (mm)
BH-1,UDS (6.0-6.4m)
10
BH-1,SPT (7.50-7.95m)
<0.002
Clay
(%)
0.002-0.075
Silt
(%)
0.075-4.75
Sand
(%)
>4.75
Gravel
(%)
33.3
17.6
27.7
63.5
72.4
67.4
2.00
10.00
2.60
1.20
0.00
2.30
Page: 13
Bridge No1
Project:
e-logp curve
0.80
0.75
Void ratio
0.70
0.65
0.60
0.55
0.50
0.1
10
Pressure Range (kg/sqcm)

Bore Hole:
Cc =
0.256
Depth (m):
3.0-3.4
e0 =
0.759
0.70
Void ratio
0.65
0.60
0.55
0.50
0.45
0.1
10
Pressure Range (kg/sqcm)

Bore Hole:
Cc =
0.233
Depth (m):
9.0-9.4
e0 =
0.700
Page: 14
Bridge No-MZP Detour
Project:
Mohr diagram
Shear stress ( kg/sq.cm )
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
0
10
Normal stress ( kg/ sq.cm )

BH-
Depth (m)
3.0-3.4
0.6
C (kg/cm )=
(degree) =
Mohr diagram
Shear stress ( kg/sq.cm )
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
0
10
Normal stress ( kg/ sq.cm )

BH-
Depth (m)
9.0-9.4
C (kg/cm )=
1.3
(degree) =

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RODIC CONSULTANTS PVT. LTD.

2.3 Standard Penetration Test

Measurement of Water Table

Soil Profile and Properties

Chemical Tests on soil samples

Calculations for shallow foundation

Figure 1: Distribution of Field N-value with depth

Table 1: Laboratory Test Results

Grain size distribution curves

RODIC CONSULTANTS PVT. LTD.

Project: Dedicated Freights Corridor- Bridge No. -MZP Detour

Geotechnical Investigation was envisaged in an attempt for optimisation in the design of

RODIC CONSULTANTS PVT. LTD.

Project: Dedicated Freights Corridor- Bridge No. -MZP Detour

Bore Hole Terminating

RODIC CONSULTANTS PVT. LTD.

Project: Dedicated Freights Corridor- Bridge No. -MZP Detour

Standard Penetration Test

Measurement of Water Table

RODIC CONSULTANTS PVT. LTD.

Project: Dedicated Freights Corridor- Bridge No. -MZP Detour

RODIC CONSULTANTS PVT. LTD.

Soil Profile and Properties

Depth below EGL

Stiff yellowish grey with bluish

Yellowish grey clayey silt.

patches silty clay mixed kankar.

with bluish patches sandy silt.

pathces silty clay mixed with

Stiff to very stiff yellowish grey

A distribution of Field N-value with depth are shown in Figure 1.

Chemical Tests on soil samples

RODIC CONSULTANTS PVT. LTD.

Calculations for Shallow Foundation

= {qnet . B.(1- 2).Ip.}/E

RODIC CONSULTANTS PVT. LTD.

qnet = net pressure on soil

RODIC CONSULTANTS PVT. LTD.

Project: Dedicated Freights Corridor- Bridge No. -MZP Detour

RODIC CONSULTANTS PVT. LTD.

BORE / DRILL LOG

Geotechnical Investigation for Mugalsarai to Allahabad.

Bore Hole No. :

Location : Bridge No:MZP Detour

R.L. of Borehole Top:94.80m

Method of Boring / Drilling: Rotary Standing Water Level :

SPT : No. of blows

Yellowish grey clayey silt.

Stiff yellowish grey with bluish patches silty

Stiff to very stiff yellowish grey with bluish

Figure 1: Distribution of Field N-Value with Depth

Bridge No- MZP Detour

Bridge No- MZP Detour

2.30 2.60 67.4 27.7

Plasticity Index (%)

Plastic Limit (%)

Dry density( gm/c.c.)

10.00 72.4 17.6

28.5 1.875 1.459 50.0 27.0 23.0 UU 0.60

Bulk Density (gm/cc)

1.20 2.00 63.5 33.3