DR.RASHMI
Associate Professor
EEE Dept
siddaganga institute of technology
Tumakuru, India
rash_mysore@yahoo.com
KEYWORDS
PV array, SEPIC converter ,maximum power point tracking
,Bidirectional converter, Battery energy storage.
I.
INTRODUCTION
IN the recent power scenario energy generated from clean,
efficient, and without affecting the environment such
sources has become one of the major challenges for
engineers and scientists. Among allrenewable energy
sources, photo voltaic power systems attract more attention
because they provide excellent opportunity to generate
power with less carbon-dioxide(CO2) emission comparing
56
PROPOSED MODEL
A. PV ARRAY MODEL
The basic structural unit of a solar module is the PV cells.
A solar cell converts energy in the photons of sunlight into
electricity called photoelectric phenomenon. PV module
uses semiconductor materials such as silicon and
germanium cells to convert solar energy into electricity
when they exposed into light. A single PV cell generates
only a small voltage. so many cells which are together to
generate more voltage called PV module. such PV module
are connected in series or parallel to make PV array[1-3].
The output voltage and output current (V-I) characteristics
of the PV array is developed by the equations. The equation
of output current of the PV module is
= [
fig 1.
1]
where
Iois the PV array output current;
V is the PV output voltage;
Iph is the cell photocurrent that is proportional to solar
irradiation;
Irs is the cell reverse saturation current that mainly depends
on temperature;
Kois a constant;
nsrepresents the number of PV cells connected in series;
nprepresents the number of such strings connected in
parallel.
The photocurrent of the module is given by
BLOCK DIAGRAM
= [ + ]
100
where
Iscr cell short-circuit current at reference temperature and
radiation;
ki short-circuit current temperature coefficient;
Trcell reference temperature;
S solar irradiation in mill watts per square centimeter.
And the module reverse saturation current is calculated
from
1 1
[ ])
I = [ ]3 ([
where
Trcell reference temperature;
Irr reverse saturation at Tr;
EGband-gap energy of the semiconductor used in the cell.
IMPLEMENTATION
57
fig 2.
2 = /(2 )
table I.
0 = /(
= /(
)
)
fig 3.
table II.
58
fig 5.
table III.
= , at MPP
<
, right of MPP
fig 6.
59
fig 7.
E. INVERTER CONTROL
The three phase full bridge inverter topology is the most
widely used configuration in three phase systems. The
output voltage and frequency of inverter should be same as
that of grid frequency and voltage. The output of grid
connected inverter can be controlled as a voltage or current
source and pulse width modulated (PWM) voltage source
inverters (VSI) are most widely use in PV systems.
The control strategy applied for inverter[10] consists of two
control loops. Usually there is a fast inner control loop
which controls grid current and an external voltage loop
which control dc link voltage. The current control loop is
responsible for power quality issues like low THD and
good power factor, whereas voltage control loop balances
the power flow in the system . Synchronous reference frame
control also called d-q control uses a reference frame
60
fig 10.
fig 11.
V.
CONCLUSION
The simple method of modeling of PV array is
implemented and it can be used for power flow in bulk
study systems. and the effect of environmental aspects
such as temperature and irradiation are taken into
account to validate the performance of PV array. The
efficiency and power output of PV generator is
maximized by employing the incremental conductance
MPPT control through SEPIC converter. The battery
energy storage system minimizes the intermittency and
variability in the PV generator via bidirectional
converter and the inverter output is effectively
controlled by inner current control loop and outer
voltage control loop and in other hand the simulation
results show the integration of PV power plant and
battery energy storage system into the grid.
REFERENCES
fig 12.
61
62