Zhane Marizze M.

Esguerra

G7-Einstein

If the Earth had no atmosphere, it's temperatures will be comparable to Mars since Mars has a very sparse
atmosphere. The day side temperatures won't hit anything too high because most of the radiation will be
reflected off the surface of the Earth. However, the day side temperatures will definitely exceed that of the
night side temperatures.
Without the presence of an atmosphere, no heat or energy will be trapped, and no heat can be transferred
through convective processes, only radiative processes. Therefore you can expect surrounding
temperatures to be close to the temperatures experienced in space, ~3 K ( -450 F).
Since this is purely hypothetical, we can say that the Earth could still be a heat source since it radiates
energy in the IR spectrum. Heat transfer through radiation is proportional to surface area. Since people
don't have too much surface area compared to the Earth, we won't get too much heating up.

Territorial disputes in the South China Sea involve both island and maritime claims among
several sovereign states within the region, namely Brunei, the People's Republic of China, the
Republic of China (Taiwan), Malaysia, the Philippines, and Vietnam.
There are disputes concerning both the Spratly and the Paracel islands, as well as maritime
boundaries in the Gulf of Tonkin and elsewhere. There is a further dispute in the waters near the
Indonesian Natuna Islands. The interests of different nations include acquiring fishing areas
around the two archipelagos; the potential exploitation of suspected crude oil and natural gas
under the waters of various parts of the South China Sea; and the strategic control of important
shipping lanes.
Shangri-La Dialogue serves as the "Track One" exchange forum on the security issues
surrounding Asia-Pacific region including Territorial disputes in the South China Sea. Council for
Security Cooperation in the Asia Pacific is the "Track Two" dialogue on security issues of AsiaPacific.
In February 2016, President Obama initiated the "U.S.-ASEAN Summit" at Sunnylands for closer
engagement with ASEAN, The territorial disputes in the South China Sea was a major topic, but
its joint statement, the "Sunnylands Declaration" did not name the South China Sea, instead
calling for "respect of each nation's sovereignty and for international law". Analysts believe it
indicate divides in the grouping on the approach in responding to China's maritime strategy.

South China Sea dispute

Image copyright AFP Image caption Tension between
the Philippines and China about overlapping claims
has risen in recent months
Rival countries have wrangled over territory in the
South China Sea for centuries, but tension has steadily increased in recent years.
China has backed its expansive claims with island-building and naval patrols, while the US says
it opposes restrictions on freedom of navigation and unlawful sovereignty claims - by all sides,
but seen by many as aimed at China.
The frictions have sparked concern that the area is becoming a flashpoint with global
consequences.
What is the argument about?
It is a dispute over territory and sovereignty over ocean areas, and the Paracels and the Spratlys
- two island chains claimed in whole or in part by a number of countries.
Alongside the fully fledged islands, there are dozens of rocky outcrops, atolls, sandbanks and
reefs, such as the Scarborough Shoal.
Why are they worth arguing over?

Although largely uninhabited, the Paracels and the Spratlys may have reserves of natural
resources around them. There has been little detailed exploration of the area, so estimates are
largely extrapolated from the mineral wealth of neighbouring areas.
The sea is also a major shipping route and home to fishing grounds that supply the livelihoods of
people across the region.