Chapter 3 (Questions 2008-2009 Compiled)

General pathology 2008-2009
Compiled by Bhupinder Bawa
Q1. Which of the following can be used as a marker to identify neural stem cells?
A. Glial fibrillary acidic protein

B. Neuron specific enolase
C. Stem cell factor
D. Nestin
E. None
Q2. Which of the following are permanent cells that have lost their ability to proliferate?
1. Hepatocytes
2. Neurons
3. Fibroblasts
4. Cardiac myocytes
5. Urinary bladder transitional epithelium
A. 1
B. 1,2
C. 2,4
D. 1,4,5
E. 2,3,4
Q3. Which of the following best describes Asymmetric replication?
A. Cells replicate throughout life

B. Cells replicate only after injury
C. prolonged self-renewal capacity
D. in every cell division each cell retains its pluripotential properties
E. One cell retains its self renewing capacity and the other becomes differentiated
Q4. Which of the following embryonic stem cell proteins is named after the Celtic land of
the Ever-young?
A. Wnt-β-catenin
B. Neverland
C. Myogenin
D. Nanog
E. Elysia
Q5.Which of the following locations has not been shown to harbor tissue stem cells?
A. Olfactory bulb and dentate gyrus in rodent brains

B. Isthmus of stomach glands
C. The base of hair follicles
D. Limbus of the cornea
E. Canals of Hering
Q6. Bone marrow stromal cells do not generate
A. Myocytes
B. Adipocytes
C. Osteoblasts
D. Chondrocytes
E. Endothelial cell precursors
Q7. The correct order of replication in a quiescent cell after injury is
1. G0
2. G1
3. G2
4. S
5. M
A. 1,2,3,4,5
B. 1,2,4,3,5
C. 1,2,5,3,4
D. 1,3,4,2,5
E. 1,3,5,2,4
Q8. Non-dividing (permanent) tissues contain cells that are in which stage of the cell
cycle?
A. G0
B. G1
C. G2
D. S
E. None of the above
Q9. Non-dividing parenchymal cells of liver, kidney, and pancreas are considered to be in
which stage of the cell cycle?
A. G0
B. G1
C. G2
D. S
Q10. Tissue stem cell niches include all of the following except…
A. Bone marrow
B. Limbus of cornea
C. Base of colonic crypts
D. Bulge area of hair follicle
E. Isthmus of stomach glands
Q11. Pluripotent bone marrow stromal cells can differentiate into all except…
A. Myoblasts
B. Osteoblasts
C. Adipocytes
D. Chondroblasts
E. Progranulocytes
Q12. Which of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is not required for
vasculogenesis or angiogenesis?
A. VEGF-A
B. VEGF-B
C. VEGF-C
D. VEGF-D
E. VEGF-E
Q13. Which of the following statements regarding TGF-β is false?
A. It is a pleiotropic agent.
B. It is a potent fibrogenic agent.
C. It is a strong anti-inflammatory agent.
D. It stimulates the proliferation of fibroblasts and smooth cells.
E. It is a growth stimulator for most epithelial cell types and for leukocytes.
Q14. Following ligand binding to a tyrosine kinase receptor, which of the following
proteins is responsible for cycling RAS between its active and nonactive form?
A. SOS
B. RAF
C. FOS
D. GAP
E. GRB2
Q15. Which of the following are sources of PDGF?
1. Platelets
2. Keratinocytes
3. Macrophages
4. Endothelial cells
5. Smooth muscle cells
A. 1,2,3,4,5
B. 1,3,4,5
C. 1,3,4
D. 3,4,5
E. 4,5
Q16. Members of the FGF family of growth factors can cause which of the following?
1. angiogenesis
2. hematopoiesis
3. lung maturation
4. skeletal muscle development
5. macrophage and endothelial cell migration
A. 1,2,3,4,5
B. 1,3,4,5
C. 1,3,5
D. 2,4,5
E. 3,4,5
Q17. Effects of TGF-β include all of the following except?
A. Growth inhibitor of most epithelial cells

B. Increased expression of INK4.ARF
C. Stimulates proliferation of fibroblasts
D. Growth inhibitor of leukocytes
E. Pro inflammatory effects
Q18. Receptors with intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity activate which of the following
downstream pathways?
1. IP3 pathway
2. cAMP pathway
3. PI3 kinase pathway
4. MAP-kinase pathway
5. JAK/STAT pathway
A. 1,2,3,4,5
B. 1,3,4
C. 2,3,4
D. 3,4,5
E. 3,4
Q19. Which of the following cell membrane receptors use PLC-γ to activate downstream
effects?
A. G-protein coupled receptors
B. Receptors with tyrosine kinase activity
C. Receptors without tyrosine kinase activity
D. A & B
E. All of the above
Q20. Activation of which of the following receptors can cause the release of calcium
from endoplasmic reticulum through the IP3 pathway?
A. Receptors without tyrosine kinase activity

B. Receptors with tyrosine kinase activity
C. G-protein coupled receptors
D. Steroid hormone receptors
E. B&C
Q21. Which of the following is not considered to be a ‘quiescent’ tissue?
A. Liver
B. Pancreas
C. Fibroblasts
D. Resting lymphocytes
E. Transitional epithelium
Q22. Which of the following is not a recognized niche for stem cells?
A. Canals of Hering
B. Hair follicle bulge
C. Limbus of the eye
D. Crypt cells of the colon
E. High endothelial venules in the spleen
Q23. Which of the following tissues is not of mesoderm origin?
A. Myocytes
B. Adipocytes
C. Osteoblasts
D. Red blood cells
E. Oligodendrocytes
Q24. Ligands for receptors with intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity include...
1. Insulin
2. Histamine
3. Growth Hormone
4. Epidermal Growth Factor
5. Platelet Derived Growth Factor
A. 1,3,4
B. 1,4,5
C. 2,3,4
D. 2,4,5
E. 3,4,5
Q25. Cells become irreversibly committed to DNA replication after passing which
restriction point(s) in the cell cycle?
A. G0-G1
B. G1-S
C. S-G2
D. G2-M
E. both b and d
Q26. The cAMP second messenger pathway results from signaling from which receptor
family?
A. Steroid hormone receptors

B. 7-transmembrane G-protein-couples receptors
C. Receptors with intrinsic tyrosine-kinase activity
D. Receptors lacking intrinsic tyrosine-kinase activity that recruit kinase
Q27. The most abundant glycoprotein in the basement membrane is?
A. Integrin
B. Cadherin
C. Laminin
D. Collage type IV
E. Collagen type II
Q28 All of the following are examples of fibrillar collagen except?
A. Type I
B. Type II
C. Type III
D. Type IV
E. Type V
Q29. Priming of hepatocytes to enter cell cycle is mediated by?
A. TNF
B. IL-6
C. HGF
D. A and B
E. All of the above
Q30. Which of the following cytokines are involved in the G0/G1 transition?
1. IL-1
2. IL-6
3. TNF
4. TGF-β
5. TGF-α
A. 1,2,3
B. 1,3
C. 2,3
D. 2,4,5
E. 3,5
Q31. Fibrillar collagens include which of the following?
1. I
2. II
3. III
4. IV
5. V
A. 1,2,3,4,5
B. 1,2,3,4
C. 1,2,3,5
D. 2,3,4,5
E. 2,3,5
Q32. Hydroxylation of proline and lysine during collagen production occurs in which of
the following locations?
A. Endoplasmic reticulum
B. Extracellular space
C. Cytoplasm
D. Golgi
E. all of the above
Q33. . Which of the following statements FALSE regarding cross linking of collagen
fibrils?
A. results from oxidation of lysine and hydroxylysine residues

B. mediated by the enzyme lysyl oxidase
C. Stabilizes the molecule
D. occurs outside the cell
E. requires vitamin C
Q34. Which of the following signaling pathways can induce inhibition of cell
proliferation?
A. MAP kinase
B. JAK/STAT
C. WNT
D. PKC
E. PI-3
Q35. The extracellular matrix serves which of the following functions?
A. Enables cell to cell interactions

B. Provides a reservoir for growth factors
C. Provides a substratum for cells to adhere to
D. Sequesters water to provide turgor to soft tissues
E. All of the above
Q36. Basement membranes are composed of all the following except?
A. Laminin
B. Fibronectin
C. Proteoglycan
D. Heparan sulfate
E. Type IV collagen
Q37. Which of the following enzymes is responsible for collagen cross-linking?
A. Lysyl oxidase
B. Collagen oxidase
C. Collagen synthetase
D. Proline hydroxylase
E. Hydrogen peroxidase
Q38. Type 1 collagen is found in
1. Skin
2. Bone
3. Tendon
4. Cartilage
5. Vitreous
A. 1
B. 1,2
C. 1,2,3
D. 1,2,3,4
E. 1,2,3,4,5
Q39. The necessary cofactor for MMP is
A. Zinc
B. Calcium
C. Magnesium
D. Phosphorus
E. MMP binding factor
Q40. The following factors cause quiescent cells to go from G0 to G1?
1. TNF
2. IL-6
3. HGF
4. TGF α
5. TGF β
A. 1
B. 1,2
C. 2,4
D. 2,5
E. 2,4,5
Q41. Which of the following is not part of the ECM?
A. Elastin
B. Integrin
C. Collagen
D. Proteoglycans
E. Hylaronic acid

Q42. Which of the following is incorrect regarding liver regeneration?
A. The cytokines TNF and IL-6 are implicated in G0/G1 transition

B. Restoration of liver mass is achieved without regrowth of resected lobes
C. The growth factors HGF and TGF-α are involved in cell-cycle progression after
cells reach G1
D. Intrahepatic stem cells play an important role in the compensatory growth that
occurs following partial hepatectomy
E. Hepatocyte regeneration is mostly dependent on paracrine effects of growth
factors and cytokines produced by hepatic nonparenchymal cells
Q43. Basement membranes are composed of primarily which type of collagen?
A. Type I
B. Type II
C. Type III
D. Type IV
E. Type V
Q44. Regarding cell adhesion molecules, which statement is false?
A. Cadherins play a role in cell to cell contact inhibition

B. Cadherins are involved with calcium dependent heterotypic cell interactions
C. Integrins bind to both matrix proteins as well as adhesion proteins of other cells
D. There is functional overlap and interaction between integrin and growth factor
receptors
E. Cadherins and integrins link the cell surface with the cytoskeleton through the
binding to actin and intermediate filaments
Q45. MMP includes all of the following except?
A. Serine proteases
B. Collagenases
C. Stromelysins
D. Gelatinases
E. A and B
Q46. Stabilization of newly formed blood vessels is mediated by all of the following
except?
A. Angiopoietins 1
B. Angiopoietins 2
C. PDGF
D. FGF-2
E. TGF-β
Q47. The proliferation phase of wound healing is characterized by the following events?
1. vasoconstriction
2. Angiogenesis
3. Epithelization
4. Fibroplasia
5. Contracture
A. 1,2,3
B. 2,3,4
C. 3,4,5
D. 2,3,4,5
E. 1,2,3,4
Q48. The most common inducer of angiogenesis
A. Wound healing
B. Inflammation
C. Hypoxia
D. A & C
E. All
Q49. The most important growth factor in adults undergoing physiological angiogenesis
A. FGF-2
B. VEGF
C. PDGF
D. TGF-B
E. GM-CSF
Q50. The growth factor involved in the recruitment of smooth muscle cells during
angiogenesis that help in stabilization of the newly formed blood vessels
A. FGF-2
B. VEGF
C. PDGF
D. TGF-B
E. GM-CSF
Q51. The functions of VEGF include all except
A. Angiogenesis
B. Increase vascular permeability
C. Stimulate endothelial cell migration
D. Stimulate endothelial cell proliferation
E. Regulates the production of ECM proteins
Q52. Which of the following plays an important role during tissue remodeling?
A. MMP
B. GCSF
C. VEGF
D. A&B
E. All
Q53. During the process of tissue remodeling the continuous degradation of ECM is
inhibited by
A. MMP
B. TIMPs
C. TGF-B
D. A&B
E. B&C
Q54. The obvious gross morphological feature that differentiates healing by second
intension from first intension is
A. Scab
B. Inflammation
C. Wound contraction
D. A&B
E. B&C
Q55. Which of the following is not a function of VEGF?
A. Promotes angiogenesis
B. Stimulates vasoconstriction
C. Increases vascular permeability
D. Stimulates endothelial cell migration
E. Stimulates endothelial cell proliferation
Q56. Which of the following is not a function of TGF-β?
A. Chemotactic for monocytes

B. Inhibits endothelial proliferation
C. Promotes increased synthesis of collagen
D. Promotes fibroblast migration and proliferation
E. Inhibits degradation of ECM by metalloproteinases
Q57. Which of the following statements about MMPs is incorrect?
A. Inhibited by TGF- β
B. Stimulated by PDGF, EGF, and Il-1 and TNF
C. Plasmin cleaves procollagenases to collagenases
D. Steroids accelerate the degradative action of MMPs
E. Inhibited by tissue-inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMPs)
Q58. Which of the following is false regarding VEGF?
A. Increases vascular permeability

B. Important for stabilization of newly formed capillaries
C. Binding to VEGFR-2 in endothelial cells triggers angiogenesis
D. It is the most important growth factor in adult tissues undergoing angiogenesis
E. Promotes angiogenesis involving both endothelial cell precursors and pre-existing
capillaries
Q59. Matrix metalloproteinases are inhibited by…

1. EGF
2. IL-1
3. TGF-β
4. PDGF
5. Steroids
A. 1,3
B. 3,5
C. 4,5
D. 1,2,4
E. 1,2,5
Q60. The feature that most clearly differentiates primary from secondary wound healing
is…
A. Wound contraction
B. Formation of a scar
C. Formation of a fibrin clot
D. Formation of granulation tissue
E. Presence of an inflammatory reaction
Q61. Expression of genes responsible for wound repair is regulated to a large degree by
tissue levels of...
A. Glucose
B. Oxygen
C. Cytokines
D. Carbon dioxide
E. Serum proteins
Q62. The scirrhous reaction involves which phase of the healing process?
A. Hemostasis
B. Acute inflammation
C. Proliferation (granulation)
D. Remodeling (maturation, contraction)
E. Both b and c
Q63. Healing by fibrous placement occurs by (Robbins 107)
1. Contraction
2. Angiogenesis
3. Tissue remodeling
4. Synthesis of ECM proteins
5. Inflammation and removal of damaged tissue
A. 2,5,4,3,1
B. 5,2,4,3,1
C. 5,2,3,4,1
D. 5,4,2,3,1
E. 5,4,3,2,1
Q64. VEGF is not induced by
A. TGF-α
B. TGF-β
C. FGF-2
D. PDGF
E. HREs
Q65. PDGF does not affect
A. Collagen synthesis
B. Fibroblast migration
C. Collagenase secretion
D. Fibroblast proliferation
E. Initiation of Angiogenesis
Q66. Endothelial cell proliferation is not induced by
A. EGF
B. FGF
C. VEGF
D. Ephrins
E. Angiogenins
Q1. D; (Robbins pp 94)

Q2. C; (Robbins pp90)
Q3. E. (p91 Robbins)
Q4. D (p91 Robbins). Named after Tir na n’Og. Wnt-β-catenin has also been implicated
in maintaining pluripotency
Q5. C (p 93-94 Robbins) The bulge area contains the tissue stem cells and is located
between the bulb and the shaft. The canals of Hering hold Oval cells which can
differentiate into bile epithelium of hepatocytes. The canals themselves connect bile
canaliculi to bile ducts.
Q6. A (Robbins 93) (they generate myoblasts, not myocytes)
Q7. B (Robbins 90)
Q8. E (Robbins p.91) Non-dividing (permanent) tissues contain cells that have left the
cell cycle and cannot divide.
Q9. A. (Robbins p. 90) Quiescent (stable) tissues contain cells considered to be in G0
stage but can be stimulated to enter G1
Q10. A (Robbins p.93) Stem cells located outside of the bone marrow are generally
referred to as tissue stem cells. Another tissue niche is the liver stem cells (oval cells) in
the canals of Hering
Q11. E (Robbins p.94) The pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) generate all of
the blood cells
Q12. B; (Robbins pp 96) VEGF-B binds to VEGFR1 and their role is not well
understood; VEGF (also referred to as VEGF A) interacts with VEGF R2 and play a role
in vasculogenesis and agniogenesis; VEGF R3 interacts with VEGF C and VEGF D and
play a role in lymphangiogenesis; Thee is no VEGF E
Q13. E (Robbins pp 96-97); it is an inhibitor for most epithelial cells and leukocytes
Q14. D (Robbins pg. 99), Fig. 3-10
Q15. A (p95 Table 3-1 Robbins)
Q16. A (p96 Robbins)
Q17. E (p 97 Robbins) TGF-β has strong anti-inflammatory effects.
Q18. B (p98 Figure 3-9 Robbins) The cAMP path is activated by g-protein coupled
receptors. Receptors without tyrosine kinase activity activate the JAK/STAT pathway.
Q19. D (p 98 figure 3-9 Robbins.
Q20. E (p 98-99 Robbins)
Q21. E (Robbins p. 90) transitional epithelium is a continuously dividing tissue
Q22. E (Robbins p. 93)
Q23. E (Robbins P. 94) oligodendrocytes are of ectodermal origin
Q24. B (Robbins p.98)Ligands for receptors with intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity
include most growth factors such as (EGF, TGF-α, HGF, PDGF, VEGF, FGF, c-KIT
ligand, and insulin
Ligands for receptors lacking intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity that recruit kinases include
many cytokines (interleukins), interferons, erythropoietin, granulocyte colony-stimulating
factor, growth hormone, and prolactin
Ligands for 7-transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptors include vasopressin,
serotonin, histamine, epinephrine and norepinephrine, calcitonin, glucagon, PTH,
corticotropin, rhodopsin, and many pharmacologic drugs
Q25. B (Robbins p.100)Progression through the cell cycle, and particularly the G1/S
transition, is tightly regulated by proteins called cyclins and associated enzymes called
cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK’s)
Q26. B (Robbins p.100)
Q27. C; (Robbins pp 105)
Q28. D; (Robbins pp 104) Type IV is non fibrillar collagen
Q29. D; (Robbins pp 102) Priming is mediated by TNF and IL-6 and after priming HGF
and TGF-α mediate proliferation of hepatocytes
Q30. C p102 Robbins. TGFα along with HGF are involved in cell cycle progression
after the cells reach G1. TNF gives a priming effect that allows full mitogenic effect of
HGF and TGF-α. TGF-β is a growth inhibitor along with activinss.
Q31. C (p104 Robbins) Type IV is non-fibrillar (forms sheets) and is the main
component of basement membranes along with laminins.
Q32. A (p105 Robbins). Hydroxylation of proline and lysine, and glycosylation of
lysine occurs after translation in the ER, helix formation occurs in the golgi (pro-
collagen), and pro-collagen is cleaved by proteases in the extracellular space.
Q33. E (p104-105 Robbins) Vitamin C is required for Hydroxylation of procollagen
(activation of prolyl and lysyl hydroxylases). Copper is a cofactor in lysyl oxidase.
Q34. C (p105 Robbins). Β- catenin links cadherins with α- catenin which connects to
actin. This also can account for inhibition of cell proliferation. Free β catenin, acting
independently of cadherins can regulate nuclear transcription factors and inhibit cell
proliferation by the Wnt signaling pathway.
Q35. E (Robbins p. 103)
Q36. B (Robbins p. 103)
Q37. A (Robbins p. 104)
Q38. C, (PBVD 180)
Q39. A, (PBVD 181)
Q40. B (Robbins p. 102) (HGF and TGFα cause cell cycle progression)
Q41. B (Robbins p. 103) (Integrins are cell surface receptors for ECM proteins)
Q42. D (Robbins p. 101-103) Intrahepatic stem cells do not play a role in the
compensatory growth that occurs after partial hepatectomy, and there is no evidence for
hepatocyte generation from the bone marrow. It is hepatocytes that replicate.
Q43. D (Robbins p. 104)
Q44. B (Robbins p. 104-105) Cadherins are generally involved in calcium-dependent

homotypic interactions. Homotypic interactions involve same cell types, heterotypic
interactions involve different cell types
Q45. A; (Robbins pp 111)
Q46. D; (Robbins pp 104) FGF-2 mediates proliferation, differentiation and migration
endothelium
Q47. B; (PBVD 175) Vasoconstriction takes place in early inflammation phase and
contracture takes place in late remodeling phase.
Q48. C
Q49. B
Q50. C
Q51. E (ECM proteins regulate VEGF)
Q52. A
Q53. E
Q54. C
Q55. B (Robbins pp 109)
Q57. D (Robbins pp 110) steroids inhibit production of procollagenases
Q58. B (Robbins p. 109) Stabilization requires recruitment of pericytes and smooth
muscle cells and the deposition of ECM proteins. Angiopoietins 1 and 2, PDGF, and
TGF-β participate in the stabilization process
Q59. B (Robbins p. 110) The others stimulate MMPs
Q60. A (Robbins p. 113)
Q61. B (PBVD p.178) - With hypoxia HIF activates transcription of genes of the hypoxia
response elements (HRE)
Q62. D (PBVD p.185)
Q64. C (Robbins pp 109) (FGF-2 acts similarly to VEGF)
Q65. E (Robbins pp 111)
Q66. A (PBVD 186) (EGF causes endothelial migration)
PBVD Chapter 3
Acute Inflammation
BGC
1. Morphologic characteristics of Bovine Leukocyte Adhesion deficiency include:
1. oral ulcers
2. Intestinal mucosal ulcers
3. thickened intestinal serosa
4. Lack of neutrophils in spleen
5. Lack of leukocytes in peyers patches
A. 1,2,3,4,5
B. 1,3,4
C. 1,2,3
D. 2,3
E. 4,5
Answer: C p115
2. Use of a leukocyte migration inhibitors as a therapeutic strategy for Mannheimia

pneumonia makes sense because…
A. Alveolar migration of leukocytes via selectin is inhibited
B. Bronchiolar migration of leukocytes via Beta-2 integrins is inhibited
C. such a strategy would prevent excessive leukocyte infiltration into the lung
D. All of the above
Answer: D p116
3. Which of the following statements is true regarding basophils and mast cells?
1. Fibroblasts and endothelial cells produce a glycoprotein that induces
CD34+ cells to mature.
2. Basophils and mast cells are derived form different stem cell lines
3. They arise from a common CD34+ progenitor in bone marrow
4. Basophils later differentiate into tissue mast cells
5. Differentiation is dependent on stem cell factor
A. 1,3,5
B. 1,3,4
C. 2,3,4
D. 3,4,5
E. 4,5
Answer: A p117
4. Mast cell degranulation releases which of the following substances in rodents?

A. TNF-alpha
B. Proteases
C. Serotonin
D. tryptase
E. All of the above
Answer: E p118
5. Basophils have what effect in the allergic response?

A. Basophils switch B lymphocytes to produce IgE
B. Basophils produce IgE that mediate allergies
C. They can cause mast cells to degranulate
D. All of the above
Answer: A p118
6. Which of the following substances can prevent apoptosis of tissue neutrophils?

1. GM-CSF
2. G-CSF
3. TNF
4. IL-8
5. IL-3
A. 1,2
B. 1,2,5
C. 1,3,4
D. 3,4,5
E. 4,5
Answer: A p118
7. Phagocytosis by Neutrophils occurs by which of the following means?

1. Opsonization by binding of Fc portions of Ig to Fc receptors
2. Opsonization by the binding of C3b to Mac-1
3. Phagocytosis can occur without opsonization
4. Opsonizationn by C3a and C5a
5. Opsonization by C5b
A. 1,2,3,4,5
B. 1,2,3
C. 1,3,4
D. 2,3,4
E. 2,3 5
Answer: B p119
8. Heterophil is the neutrophil equivalent in which of the following species:

A. Birds
B. Rabbits
C. Guinea Pigs
D. All of the above
Answer: D p120
9. CHemotactic factors for eosinophils include all of the following except:

A. IL-8
B. IL-5
C. C5a
D. CCL-11
E. Histamine
Answer: A. p120-121
10. Which of the following cells are the primary source of Histamine and serotonin?
A.Lymphocytes
B. Macrophages
C. Neutrophils
D. Basophils
E. Mast cells
Answer: E p122
11. Which of the following cells are the primary source of Bradykini?
1. Vascular endothelial cells
2. Macrophages
3. Lymphocytes
4. Neutrophils
5. Platelets
A. 1,2,3,4,5
B. 1,2,3,4
C. 1,,3,5
D. 2,3,4
E. 3,4,5
Answer B: p122- Note Robbins states Bradykinin is produced in the liver as HMWK
and activated by kallikrein to form Bradykinin. PBVD states that Bradykinin is produced
by b vascular endothelium and leukocytes.
12. Substance P is released by which of the following cells?

1. Basophils
2. Mast cells
3. endothelium
4. Macrophages
5. C-reactive nerve fibers
A. 1,2,3
B, 1,2,4
C. 1,2,5
D. 2,4,
E. 2,4,5
Answer: C: p122
13. Which of the following are effects of Histamine?
1. Increased vascular permeability via H2 receptors

2. Vasodilation via H1 and H2 receptors
3. Neural and vagal reflexes
4. bronchial constriction
5. release of PGF2alpha
A. 1,2,3,4,5
B. 1,2,3,4
C. 1,2,4,5
D. 2.3.4
E. 2.3.4.5
Answer: E p122
14. Release of histamine from mast cells results from which of the following?
1. IgE
2. C3a
3. C5b
4. Substance P
5. ATP
A. 1,2,3,4,5
B. 1,2,4,5
C. 1,2,3
D. 2,3,4,5
E. 3,4,5
Answer: B p123. C5a not C5b releases histamine. Alsp heat and cold, and other
products from leukocytes, endothelial cellc, and platelets
15. Serotonin is released from plateelts by which of the following?
1. Platelet aggregation on collogen

2. Thrombin
3. C5a,c3a
4. ADP
5. PAF
A. 1,2,3,4,5
B. 1,2,4,5
C. 1,2,3,4
D. 2,3,4,5
E. 2,4,5
Answer: C p123 Histamine is released from platelets by the same stimuli
16. What is the function of the serpin family of serum proteases?

A. To block the proteolytic activity of complement and coagulation systems
B. To regulate the activity of the complement system
C. They break down FDP’s after clot removal
D. To breaksown Angiotensin II
Answer: A p123. The serpin family includes serum alpha2-macroglobulin (C1-INH),

alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, alpha 1- antitrypsin, and antithrombin III
17. Which of the following are effects of Substance P?

1. Vasoconstriction
2. Vasodilation
3. increased vascular permeability
4. Leukocyte activation and chemotaxis
5. Activation and degranulation of Mast cells and basophils
A. 1,2,3,4,5
B. 1,3,4,5
C. 2,3,4,5
D. 2,3,4
E. 2,3,5
Answer: A. p124 Substance P binds to NK-1R on Mast cells, endotheliual cells, and
macrophages. The release of Substance P from nerver fibers can also be induced by
Capsaicinoids.
18. Which of the following substances can activate complement proteins?

1. Venoms
2. Exotoxins
3. Endotoxin
4. Immunoglobulins
5. Complex polysaccharides
A. 1,2,3,4,5
B. 1,2,3,4
C. 1,3,4,5
D. 3,4,5
E. 3,4
Answer : C p124.
19. Which of the following is not a function of C5a?
A. Opsonization
B. Histamine release
C. Leukocyte chemoattractant
D. Induction of endothelial adhesion molecule
Answer: A p124
20. Which of the following can not activate the Alternative pathway of complement
activation?
A. Microbial surface polysaccharides

B. Coagulation cascade
C. Kinin system
D. Plasmin
E. none of the above
Answer: E p124-126 C3 can be cleaved by kallikrein, plasmin, activated HF (XIIa) as

well as microbial polysaccharides and LPS.
21. The delayed anti-inflammatory effect of corticosteroids is due to the production of

which of the following?
A. Lipocortin
B. enterocoxib
C..Phospholipase A2
D. None of the above
E. Prostaglandin cyclase
Answer: A p128 Corticosteroids signsl the cell to synthesize the polypeptide Lipocortin
(Lipomodulin) which acts to inhibit PLA2
22. The major effects of Leukotrienes include which of the following?

1. Increased vascular permeability
2. Chemotaxis for leyukocytes
3. Plateelt activation
4. Vasoconstriction
5. Vasodilation
A. 1,2,3,4,5
B. 1,2,4,5
C. 1,3,5
D. 2,3,5
E. 3,4
Answer: B p128
23. Cell mediated immune responses involve which of the following?
1. IFN-gamma
2. TH-1 cells
3. IL-12
4. IL-10
5. IL-3
A. 1,2,3
B. 1,3,5
C. 2,3,4
D. 3,4
E. 1,4,5
Answer: A p130
24. Which of the following statements are true of NK cells?

1. IL-21 appears to regulate differentiation and apoptotic cell death induced by NK cells
2. NK cells secrete granules containing cytotoxic molecules
3. NK cells are stimulated by IL-4 and IL-12
4. NK cells do not express CD3
5. NK cells release IFN-gamma
A. 1,2,3,4,5
B. 1,2,4,5
C. 2,3,4,5
D. 2,3,4
E. 3,4,5
Answer: A. p130-131
Robbins Chapter 3
BGC
1. Which of the following are NOT examples of labile tissues?
A. fibroblasts
B. Oral mucosa
C. Uterus epithelium
D. Urinary tract epithelium
E. Lining of all excretory ducts and glands
Answer: A. p90
2. Which of the following words best describes the following statement: In every cell
division, one of the cells retains its self-renewing capacity while the other enters a
differentiation pathway.
A. Checkpoint growth
B. Regressive replication
C. Asymmetric replication
D. Non-differentiation pathway
Answer: C p91
3. Which of the following is not true regarding EGF receptors?
A. EGFR is a family of tyrosine kinase receptors

B. One EGFR is expressed in breast cancer
C. EGFR responds to EGF and TNF-α
D. The main EGFR is ERB B1
Answer: E. p96 ERB B2 (Also HER-2/Neu) is expressed in breast cancer cells and may
be a therapeutic target. EGF is found in saliva, urine, and sweat and causes mitogenesis
of epithelial cells, hepatocytes and fibroblasts. It is produced by keratinocytes,
macrophages and others.
4. Which of the following is not a source of HGF?
A. Endothelium
B. Hepatocytes
C. Fibroblasts
D. Platelets
E. Serum
Answer: B HGF is produced by liver non-parenchymal cells and has mitogenic effects
on hepatocytes, biliary epithelium, lung epithelium, mammary epithelium, and skin
5. Which of the following is not a function of FGF?
A. Angiogenesis
B. Wound repair
C. Development
D. Hematopoiesis
E. Synthesis of MMP’s
Answer: E p96-97 PDGF stimulates production of MMP’s. FGF is chemotactic for

fibroblasts,mitogenic for fibroblasts and keratinocytes, stimulates keratinocyte migration,
andgiogenesis and fam wound contraction and matrix deposition.
6. Please choose the correct sequence from beginning to end that describes TGF-β
activated DNA transcription.
1. TGF-β cleavage
2. binding to type II receptor
3. Forms heterodimer with Smad 4
4. Phosphorylation of Smad 2 and 3
5. Forms a complex with type I receptor
6. enters nucleus and associates with DNA binding proteins
A. 1,2,3,4,5,6
B. 1,2,4,3,5,6
C. 1,2,5,4,3,6
D. 5,2,4,3,1,6
E. 1,5,2,4,2,6
Answer: C p96
7. Examples of autocrine regulated processes include:
1. Some tumors
2. Epithelial growth
3. Liver regeneration
4. Enterocyte proliferation
5. proliferation of antigen stimulated lymphocytes
A. 1,2
B. 1,2,3
C. 1,3,5
D. 2,3
E. 3,5
Answer: C p97
8. Intrinsic tyrosine kinase receptor signaling can involve which of the following
downstream effector molecules?
1. PLC
2. GRB2
3. RAS/GDP
4. PI3 kinase
5. MAP-kinase
A. 1,2,3,4,5
B. 1,3,4,5
C. 2,3
D. 2,5
E. 3,4,5
Answer: A
9. Which of the following are cell cycle inhibitors?
A. c-MYC
B. c-JUN
C. AP-1
D. p53
Answer: D p100
10. The retinoblastoma susceptibility protein forms a tight complex with what
transcription factor and thereby halting the cell cycle?
A. p53
B. E2F
C. NFκB
D. Transcription activating factor-1
Answer: B p100- RB/E2F copmplex needs to be phosphorylated to free up E2F for

driving the cell cycle/.
11. In hepatic compensatory growth which two gene products dimerize to form AP-1
transcription factor?
A. c-FOS and c-JUN

B. c-JUN and c-MYC
C. c-FOS and c-MYC
D. NFKb and STAT-3
Answer: A. p102 c-FOS and c-JUN dimerize to form c-MYC (AP-1) which encodes for
transcription factor that activates many genes and other transcription factors- (NFκB,
STAT-3, and C/EBP)
12. After a partial hepatectomy which cytokines induce hepatocytes to go from the
quiescent G0 to G1 stage of the cell cycle?
A. TNF, IL-6
B. HGF, TGF-β
C. TGF-α, Activin
D. Norepinephrine, Insulin
Answer: A. p 102 TNF and IL-6 and others activate the quiescent hepatocyte. HGF and
TGF-a induce proliferation with NE and Insulin, growth hormone, and thyroid hormone.
After proliferation Growth inhibitors like TGF-β, activin, and increase in cell cyle
inhibitors and decrease in GF and Metabolic demands slow down and halt proliferation
13. True or False- Stem cells participate in hepatic regeneration after a partial
hepatectomy?
Answer- False p 102
14. Cross linking of collagen fibers is caused by which of the following enzymes?
A. Lysyl oxidase
B. Lysyl synthetase
C. Collagen hydroxylase
D. Hysroxylysyl oxidase
Answer: A, p104- Lysyl oxidase oxidizes lysyl and hydroxylysyl residues forming
crosslinks between adjacent chains
15. Examples of CAM’s include which of the following?
1. Immunoglobulins
2. MHC proteins
3. cadherins
4. integrins
5. selectins
A. 1,2,3,4
B. 1,3,4,5
C. 1,3,4
D. 2,3,4
E. 2,3,4,5
Answer : B p104
16. Which of the following statements in NOT true of fibronectin ?
A. fibronectin binds to integrins

B. Two forms exist, tissue and plasma fibronectin
C. Fibronectin binds to collagen, fibrin, proteoglycans
D. Tissue fibronectin binds to fibrin at wound healing sites
E. none of the above
Answer: D- Plasma fibronectin bind to fibrin, tissue fibronectin forms fibrillar aggregates
at wound healing sites.
17. Which of the following statements about Laminin are NOT true? (choose one)
A. Laminin has binding domains for both ECM and cell-surface receptors.
B. Tightly bound networks are formed by Laminin and Type V collagen
C. Laminin can mediate the attachment of cells to Connective tissue
D. Laminin is the most abundant glycoprotein in the BM
Answer: B p 105 Laminin binds tightly to Type IV collagen (in the BM)
18. Which of the following statements about cadherins is not true?
A. cadherins form desmosomes and zonula adherens

B. cadherins link to the cytoskeleton through catenins
C. cadherins participate in interaction between cells of the same type
D. Cadherin interactions connect the plasma membranes of adjacent cells
E. None fo the above
Answer: E p 105 cell-cell interaction mediated by cadherins play a major role in contact
inhibition
19. Angiogenesis or neovascularization in adults can occur by which of the following

mechanisms?
1. Mobilization of endothelial precursor cells from the bone marrow

2. Establishment of a primitive vascular network by angioblasts
3. From pre-existing vessels such as capillaries
4. Neoangiogenesis
5. Vasculogenesis
A. 1,2,3,5
B. 1,3
C. 2,3,5
D. 2.5
E. 3
Answer: B. p107
20. The hemangioblast is a common precursor to all of the following cells EXCEPT?
A. Hemopoietic stem cells

B. Smooth muscle cells
C. Satellite cells
D. Angioblasts
E. Pericytes
Answer: C p 108 Smooth muscle cells of the vascular wall are called periendothelial cells
21. Endothelial precursor cells express Which of the following?
1. Vascular endothelial cadherin

2. Tie2 receptor
3. E-Selectin
4. ICAM-1
5. PECAM
A. 1,2,3,4,5
B. 1,2,3,4
C. 1,2,3
D. 1,2
E. 1
Answer: C p 108
22. all of the following are inducing agents of VEGF EXCEPT?
A. PDGF
B. FGF-2
C. TGF-α
D. TGF-β
E. Hypoxia
Answer: B p109
23. All of the following participate in “Stabilization” of new capillaries EXCEPT?
A. angioproteins 1 and 2
B. TGF-α
C. TGF-β
D PDGF
E. Tie2
Answer: C p109. Ang1 interacts with tie 2 receptor on endotheluial cells to recruit
periendothelial cells. PDGF participates in the recruitment of smooth muscle cells. TGF-
β stabilizes new vessels by inducing ECM protein production
24. Which of the following cytokines causes fibriblast migration and proliferation,
increased synthesis of collagen and fibronectin, and decreased degradation of ECM by
metalloproteinases, as well as chemotactic for monocytes.
A. TGF-β
B. TNF-β
C. PDGF
D. IL-1
E. EGF
Answer: A p110
25. MMP production is induced by which of the following?
1. Steroids
2. PDGF
3. TNF
4. EGF
5. IL-1
A. 1,2,3,4,5
B. 2,3,4,5
C. 3,4,5
D. 4,5
E. 5
Answer: B p110 (Figure 3-19)
Robbins Ch 3
Q. All of the followings are correct, EXCEPT
a. Skin is a continuously dividing tissue

b. Liver is a quiescent tissue
c. Smooth muscle is a quiescent tissue
d. Skeletal muscle is a quiescent tissue
e. Cardiac muscle is a nondividing tissue
(A. d. ref. Page 90-91)
a. PPARγ leads stem cells to fat cells

b. CBFA1 leads stem cells to osteoblasts
c. TGF-β leads stem cells to chondroblasts
d. Myo D and myogenin lead stem cells to myotube
e. VEGF and FGF2 lead stem cells to endothelial cells
(A. c. ref. Page 94 fig 3-6)
a. TGF-β is a pleiotropic factor

b. BMPs is a member of TGF-β family
c. TGF-β is a growth inhibitor for leukocytes
d. TGF-β binds to its receptors with tyrosine kinase activity
e. Smads are cytoplasmic transcription factors phosphorylized by TGF-β
(A. d ref Page 96)
a. Type I collagen is the main collagen component of the bone

b. Type I collagen is the main collagen component of the fibrous cartilage
c. Type I collagen is the main collagen component of the articular cartilage
d. Type III collagen is a fibrillar collagen
e. Type IV is the main collagen component of the basement membrane
A. c ref. page 104, Table 3-2
a. One third of collagen fibrils are made up of proline

b. Vitamin C is essential for a posttranslational modification of collagen
c. Proteoglycan is composed of a core protein with glycosaminoglycans
d. Leukocytes bind to hyaluronate through CD44
e. Integrin is involved in mechanotransduction signaling pathways
A. a ref. page 104
Q. Select one of the most appropriate orders of wound repair by healing.
1. Infiltration of inflammatory cells

2. Parenchymal cell proliferation
3. Synthesis of ECM
4. Tissue remodeling
5. Angiogenesis
a. 1-2-3-4-5
b. 1-2-3-5-4
c. 1-2-5-3-4
d. 1-3-2-5-4
e. 1-3-2-4-5
A. c. ref. Page 107
Q. Which of the followings is the correct combination regarding the newly formed vessel
stabilization.
a. Angiopoietin 1, PDGF, TGF-β – recruitment of pericytes
b. Angiopoietin 1, PDGF, TGF-β – deposition of ECM
c. Angiopoietin 1, TGF-β – recruitment of pericytes, PDGF – recruitment of smooth
muscle cells
d. Angiopoietin 1, TGF-β – deposition of ECM, PDGF – recruitment of smooth
muscle cells
e. Angiopoietin 1 – recruitment of pericytes, PDGF – recruitment of smooth muscle
cells, TGF-β – deposition of ECM
A. e ref. 109
Which of the following is not fibrogenic?
A) Interferon alpha
B) Tumor necrosis factor
C) Fibroblast growth factor
D) Insulin-like growth factor – 1
E) Transforming growth factor beta
Answer: A Page #’s: 95-96, 71
Which of the following are cytokine receptors?
A) MAP-kinase receptors
B) Epinephrine receptors
C) Receptors with intrinsic kinase activity
D) Receptors without intrinsic kinase activity
E) Seven transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptors
Answer: D Page #: 98-99
Hematopoeitic stem cells can generate the following cells, except:

A) Neurons
B) Hepatocytes
C) Chondrocytes
D) Red blood cells
E) Epithelial cells of lung
Answer: C pages 92, 94

Which part of the cell cycle is considered the DNA synthesis phase:
A) G2
B) G1
C) G0
D) S phase
E) M phase
Answer: D page 90
The following are true regarding the various isoforms of VEGF except:
A) Has a role in angiogenesis
B) Has a role in vasculogeneis
C) Has a role in lymhangiogenesis
D) Utilizes 3 tyrosine kinase receptors
E) Released VEGF associates with heparin sulfate in ECM
Answer: E , page 96
The following are true regarding FGF except:

A) Induces blood vessel formation
B) Has strong anti-inflammatory effect
C) Role in skeletal muscle development
D) Participates in fibroblast migration in damaged tissues
E) Involved with differentiation of specific lineages of blood cells
Answer: B , pages 96-97
The following substances bind to cell surface receptors except:

A) IL-2
B) TGF-α
C) Histamine
D) Steroid hormones
E) Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF)
Answer: D pages 98-100
The following are true regarding cell adhesion proteins except:

A) Cadherin is involved in forming zonula adherens
B) Cadherins generally participate in heterotypic interactions
C) Many integrins bind to RGD sequences in the fibronectin molecule
D) Focal adhesion complexes are formed with ligand binding to integrins
E) Linkage of cadherins with cytoskeleton occurs through α and β catenins
Answer: B , pages 55, 104,105
The following are true regarding angiogenesis except:

A) Ang2/Tie 2 interactions stabilize new vessels
B) B) Tissue hypoxia stimulates VEGR expression
C) C) Ang1/Tie2 interactions recruit periendothelial cells
D) D) Angiogenesis occurs from EPCs or capillary sprouting
E) VEGFR-2 is the most important receptor in angiogenesis
Answer: A pages 108-109

The growth factor PDGF induces all of the following except?
a) Collagen synthesis
b) Fibroblast proliferation and migration
c) Angiogenesis
d) Monocyte chemotaxis
e) Collagen secretion
A: C Page 111 Table 3-4
The following are true regarding TGF-β except:

A) Potent fibrogenic agent
B) Chemotactic to leukocytes
C) Induces TGF-β production
D) Binds to seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors
E) Increases expression of cell cycle inhibitors (Cip/Kip and INK4/ARF families)
Answer: D pages 95,96
The receptors without intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity predominately use which pathway
to activate gene transcription on the nucleus:
A) PI3 kinase
B) IP3 pathway
C) PLCγ pathway
D) cAMP pathway
E) JAK/STAT pathway
Answer: E page 99
Centrosome duplication occurs during which phase of the cell cycle:

A) S phase
B) M phase
C) G0 phase
D) G1 phase
E) G2 phase
Answer: D page 90
The cell-cycle check points are between the following cell cycle phases:
1) G1/ S phase
2) G2 / M phase
3) S phase/ G2
4) G1/ G2
5) G0 / G1
A) 1,2
B) 1,3
C) 2,3
D) 3,4
E) 4,5
Answer: A page 90
Pluripotent stem cells will differentiate into fat cells due to stimulation by the following
factor:
A) VEGF
B) FGF2
C) Sox9
D) CBFA1
E) PPARγ
Answer: E page 94
November 1, 2005
Robbins Chap 3. page 101-106
Kei K.
Which of the following gene is over-expressed first in liver regeneration?

a. p53
b. c-fos
c. Bcl-X
d. mdm2
e. Cyclins
(Answer ref. page 101, fig 3-11)
Which of the following is the main collagen of basement membrane?
a. Collagen type I
b. Collagen type II
c. Collagen type III
d. Collagen type IV
e. Collagen type V
(Answer ref. page 103)
Vitamin C is required for which of the following process of procollagen?
a. Phosphorylation
b. Hydroxylation
c. Methylation
d. Acetylation
e. Prenylation
Which of the following adhesion protein is particularly important in mechanotransduction

(signal transduction by mechanical forces)?
a. Immunoglobulin family CAMs (cell adhesion molecules)

b. Cadherins
c. Selectins
d. Integrins
e. Tenacins

Which one of the following growth factors does not bind to a receptor with intrinsic
tyrosine kinase activity? (p. 98)
A) EGF
B) FGF
C) PDGF
D) TGF-β
E) VEGF
Answer: D (serine/threonine kinase activity)
The most important receptor involved in vasculogenesis and angiogenesis
A) VEGRR-1
B) VEGFR-2
C) VEGFR-3
D) A and B
E) All
1) B; Page 96; VEGF binds to VEGFR-2; VEGFR-1 binds to VEGF-B and its role is not
completely understood; VEGFR-3 binds with VEGF-C and VEGF-D and are critical for
lymphangiogenesis.
TGF-β has inhibitory effect on growth of the following cell types
1) Leukocytes
2) Fibroblasts
3) Epithelial cells
4) Smooth muscle cells
A) 1, 2, 3, 4
B) 1, 3, 4
C) 1, 3
D) 2
E) 3
C; Page 96-97; it stimulates proliferation of fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells.
Which of the following statements are false concerning vascular endothelial growth factor
(VEGF)?
a. Produced by mesenchymal cells
b. Increases vascular permeability
c. Mitogenic for endothelial cells
d. Platelets are a source
e. Promotes angiogenesis in tumors
D pgs 95-96
Receptors without intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity activate which important pathway?
f. Jak/STAT pathway
g. PI3 kinase pathway
h. MAP-kinase pathway
i. IP3 pathway
j. All of the above
A, fig 3-9, pg 98
Which of the molecules are ligands for receptors lacking intrinsic kinase activity?
k. IL-2
l. Prolactin
m. Erythropoietin
n. Interferons
o. Growth hormone
a. a, d
b. a, d, e
c. a, c, d, e
d. a, b, c, d, e
e. d only
D, all are ligands pg 99
TNF is not secreted by which cell type?

p. Macrophage
q. B lymphocytes
r. T lymphocytes
s. Mast cells
t. All of the above secrete TNF
B, table 3-1 pg 95
1) G0/G1 transition of hepatocytes during regeneration is mediated by which of the

following? p102
1) HGF
2) Il-6
3) TGF-β
4) TNF
5) TGF-α
A) 1, 5
B) 1, 2
C) 1, 3
D) 2, 4
E) 2, 5
Answer: D
2) After reaching G1, progression of the hepatocyte cell cycle is dependent on which of
the following? p102
1) HGF
2) Il-6
3) TGF-β
4) TNF
5) TGF-α
A) 1, 2
B) 1, 5
C) 1, 2, 4
D) 1, 3, 5
E) 2, 4
Answer: B
3) Basement membranes predominantly consist of? p103
1) Laminin
2) Proteoglycan
3) Type I collagen
4) Type II collagen
5) Type IV collagen
A) 1, 4
B) 1, 2, 4
C) 1, 2, 5
D) 2, 3
E) 5
Answer: C
4) “Contact inhibition” of epithelial cells in cell cultures is likely regulated by which of

the following? p105
A) Cadherins
B) Integrins
C) Selectins
D) Immunoglobulin family CAMs
Answer: A
The following is NOT true regarding liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy
A) Endpoint of regeneration is restitution of functional mass

B) Intrahepatic stem cells or bone marrow stem cells are not involved
C) Restoration of liver mass is achieved with regrowth of resected lobes
D) Hepatocyte replication is followed by replication of nonparenchymal cells
E) Growth factor responses are increased by priming of hepatocytes by cytokines
C; Page 101; restoration is by enlargement of the remaining lobes
The following genes are expressed during G0/G1 transition
1) c-FOS
2) c-JUN
3) c-MYC
4) NF-κB
5) Bcl-X
A) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
B) 1, 2, 3, 4
C) 1, 2, 3
D) 1, 2
E) 1
B; page 102; this is referred to as immediate early gene response; some other early genes
include STAT-3 and C/EBP
Vitamin C is involved in
A) Preprocollagen formation
B) Procollagen helix formation
C) Lysine glycosylation of procollagen chain
D) Cleavage of polypetides from procollagen
E) Lysyl/hydroxylysyl oxidation leading to cross-linking of collagen molecules
B; page 104 and figure 3-15; procollagen helix is formed from preprocollagen after
hydroxylation of proline and lysine residues followed by glycosylation of lysine on
procollagen chain. Vit C is a co-factor for prolyl and lysyl hydroxylase involved in
hydroxylation of proline and lysine. Therefore, vitamin C deficiency results in abnormal
procollagen helix formation
Bovine Marfan syndrome is a result of inherited defect in
A) Elastin
B) Fibrillin
C) Collagen
D) Procollagen
E) Collagen secretion
B; page 104
1) Which of the following statements is incorrect: PBVD pp178-179
A) Prolyl hydroxylase hydroxylates HIF-α

B) Hydroxylated HIF-α is degraded by the ubiquitin pathway
C) Reduced hydroxylated HIF-α concentrations occur in hypoxic tissues
D) Hydroxylated HIF-α aggregates with HIF-β and induces transcription of HRE’s.
Answer: C
2) Matrix metalloproteinase secretion is induced by: Robbins p111
1) PDGF
2) EGF
3) Il-1
4) TNF
5) TGF-β
A) 1, 2
B) 1, 2, 3
C) 1, 2, 3, 4
D) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
E) 1, 3, 4, 5
Answer: C
Stabilization of newly formed vessels requires which of the following growth factors? (p.
109)
1) TGF-α
2) TGF-β
3) PDGF
4) FGF-2
5) VEGF
A) 1, 2
B) 1, 3
C) 2, 3
D) 3, 4
E) 4, 5
Answer: C
All of the following growth factors are involved in promoting collagenase secretion
necessary for wound healing except: (p. 111)
A) FGF
B) TNF
C) EGF
D) PDGF
E) TGF-β
Answer: E (TGF-β inhibits collagenase secretion)
1) During angiogenesis the following factors play a role in stabilization of blood vessels
except,
A) Angiopoietin-1
B) Angiopoietin-2
C) PDGF
D) VEGF
E) TGF-β
D; page 109; VEGF is required for proliferation and motility of endothelial cells. FGF-2
is also involved in endothelial proliferation, differentiation and migration; Angiopoietin-1
is involved in periendothelial cell recruitment; Angiopoietin-2: see next question; PDGF-
associated with smooth muscle proliferation; TGF-β- enhances ECM production.
2) The Tie-2 receptor on endothelial cells interacts with the following molecule to result
in periendothelial cell recruitment
A) Angiopoietin-1
B) Angiopoietin-2
C) PDGF
D) VEGF
E) TGF-β
A; page 109; interaction of Tie-2 with angiopoietin-2 either makes endothelial cells more
responsive to growth factors such as VEGF or more responsive to inhibitors of
angiogenesis, in the absence of VEGF
3) This is NOT a function of VEGF
A) Promotes angiogenesis
B) Increases vascular permeability
C) Stimulates endothelial cell migration
D) Stimulates endothelial cell proliferation
E) Up-regulates endothelial expression of plasminogen
E; Page 109; Table 3.3; Up-regulates endothelial expression of plasminogen activator,

plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, tissue factor, and interstitial collagenase
4) The following stimulates matrix metalloproteinase synthesis except,
A) IL-1
B) TNF
C) EGF
D) PDGF
E) TGF-β
E; page 110, figure 3-19; steroids also inhibit the synthesis; phagocytosis and physical
stress also stimulate synthesis.
5) The activity/expression of the following molecules is enhanced during wound healing
1) HIF-α
2) EGR-1
3) Prolyl hydroxylase
4) Hypoxia responsive elements
A) 1, 2, 3, 4
B) 1, 2, 3
C) 1, 2, 4
D) 3, 4
E) 4
C; PBVD 178-179 and figure 4-21; prolyl hydroxylase activity is enhanced in normal
tissues with enough oxygen- this enzyme prevents binding of HIF-α with P300BP- this
results in degradation of HIF by ubiquitin pathway; In hypoxia this process do not occur
and HIF-α binds with HIF-β which results in transcription of hypoxia responsive
elements (HRE) which include genes for glycolytic enzymes, grwoth factors and iron
binding proteins; EGR-1 (early growth response gene-1) activity increases in hypoxia
results in expression of genes for glycolysis (glucose transporters; hexokinase 1 and 2;
Lactate dehydrogenase; phosphofruktokinase), endothelial and fibroblast proliferation
(VEGF and TGF-β) and iron sequestration (ceruloplasmin, trasferrin receptor)
6) The following molecule is NOT involved in vascular remodeling
A) FGF
B) Tie-2
C) EphB4
D) EphrinB2
E) Angiopoietin 2
A; PBVD page 187; Tie 2 is a receptor for Angiopoietin; EphB4 is a receptor for
EphrinB2; all these and TGF-β are involved in remodeling; FGF is involved in
proliferation, differentiation and maturation
7) The following are anti-angiogenic molecules
1) Thrombospondin
2) Angiostatin
3) Endostatin
4) IP-10
5) PF4
A) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
B) 1, 2, 3, 4
C) 1, 2, 3
D) 2, 3
E) 4, 5
A; PBVD 187; IP10 and PF4 are chemokines lacking ELR motif and are antiangiogenic
along with others in the above list.
8) The following transcription factors are involved in epithelial cell differentiation,

except
A) GATA-6
B) HFH-4
C) HNF-β
D) TTF-1
E) NFκB
E; PBVD 189 figure 4-33; TTF-thyroid transcription factor; HNF- hepatocytes nuclear
factor; HFH- hepatocytes factor homolog; NfκB inhibits these factors
Q1. Which of the following is NOT TRUE about hypoxia inducing factor -α ? (PVBD pp
178-179)
A. Hydroxylation by prolyl hydroxylase deactivates HIF-α
B. Activated HIF-α is degraded by ubiquitin pathway.
C. Nonhydroxylated HIF-α binds to HIF-β to induce transcription of HRE
D. HRE includes genes for glycolyic enzymes, growth factors and iron binding
proteins.
E. Hypoxic condition reduces prolyl hydroxylase activity and reduced hydroxylation
of HIF-α .
Answer
B
Q2. All of the following can most likely inhibit ECM degradation by MMPs except?
(PBVD pp 179-181)
A. TGF-β
B. TIMP
C. Steroids
D. PAI
E. Zinc
F.
Answer
E. Zn is a Co-factor necessary for MMP activation
Q3. Which of the following is NOT an angiogenesis inhibitor? (PBVD pp 187)

A. CXCL10 (IP-10)
B. Endostatin
C. Thrombospondin
D. CXCL9 (MIG)
E. Angiopoietin 1
Answer
E. CXC lacking the ELR motif, platelet factor 4, interferon -inducible protein 10, and monokine
induced by –interferon
Q. MMP-3 deficiency can cause which of the following wound defect? (Robbins pp 115)
A. Wound dehiscence
B. Wound ulceration
C. Contracture
D. Proud flesh
E. Keloid
F.
Answer
C. Deficiency of MMP-3 leads to reduced proteolysis of actin containing fibroblasts
leading to excessive contraction of wound.
Q. Which of the following is TRUE about liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy ?
(Robbins pp 101-102)
1. Regeneration of liver involves replication of stem cells.

2. Regrowth of resected lobes in rat can take place as early as 10 days.
3. The priming of hepatocytes is mediated by HGF and TGF-α .
4. There is increased expression of proto-oncogenes like c-myc, c-fos, and c-jun.
5. The hepatocyte replication is followed by replication of non-parenchymal cells
A. 1,2,3
B. 3,4,5
C. 1,2,3,4,5
D. 4,5
E. 2,4,5
Answer
D
Q. Osteogenic imperfecta is a genetic disorder of what type of collagen? (Robbins pp

104)
A. I
B. II
C. III
D. IV
E. V
Answer
A
Which of the following is not a nitch for tissue stem cells?
A. Disse’s space
B. Corneal limubs
C. Crypts of the colon
D. Isthmus of stomach glands
E. Dentate gyrus of hippocampus
(Answer A ref. page 93 fig 3-5)
Parenchymal cells of the liver are typically in which phase of the cell cycle?
A. S
B. M
C. G0
D. G1
E. G2
Answer: C pg 90-91
Which of the following is NOT a ligand for receptors with intrinsic tyrosine kinase
activity?
A. EGF
B. IFN-γ
C. PDGF
D. Insulin
E. c-KIT ligand
(Answer B ref. page 98, fig 3-9)
1. Which of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is not required for
vasculogenesis or angiogenesis? (p 96)
A. VEGF-A
B. VEGF-B
C. VEGF-C
D. VEGF-D
E. VEGF-E
Answer: B
2. Which of the following statements regarding TGF-β is false? (pp 96-97)
A. It is a pleiotropic agent.
B. It is a potent fibrogenic agent.
C. It is a strong anti-inflammatory agent.
D. It stimulates the proliferation of fibroblasts and smooth cells.
E. It is a growth stimulator for most epithelial cell types and for leukocytes.
Answer: E
3. Which of the following receptors transmit extracellular signals to nucleus using Janus
kinase (JK) proteins? (pp 98-100)
A. Steroid hormone receptors

B. Receptors with intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity
C. Receptors with extrinsic tyrosine kinase activity
D. Receptors without intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity
E. Seven transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptors
Answer: D
Following ligand binding to a tyrosine kinase receptor, which of the following proteins is
responsible for cycling RAS between its active and nonactive form?
F. SOS
G. RAF
H. FOS
I. GAP
J. GRB2
Answer: D pg. 99, Fig. 3-10
Which pathway is responsible for calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum?
A. IP3 pathway
B. cAMP pathway
C. PI3 kinase pathway
D. JAK/STAT pathway
E. MAP-kinase pathway
Answer: A pg 98, Fig. 3-9
FOS functions as which of the following?
A. RAS activator
B. bridging protein
C. apoptosis inhibitor
D. transcription factor
E. growth factor receptor
Answer: D pg 99
Which of the following collagen is not a fibrillar collagen?
A. Type I
B. Type II
C. Type III
D. Type IV
E. Type V
(Answer D ref. page 104)
Which of the following adhesive proteins inhibits angiogenesis? (p 105)
1. Thrombospondin
2. Osteonectin
3. Osteopontin
4. Cadherin
5. Selectin
A. 1, 2
B. 1, 2, 3
C. 2, 3, 4
D. 3, 4
E. 4, 5
Answer: A
Which of the following markers is a surface marker expressed by leukocytes and binds
hyaluronic acid (HA)? (p 106)
A. CD1
B. CD14
C. CD44
D. CD45
E. CD62
Answer: C
Which of the following is false concerning cadherins?
A. desmosomes are found in muscle cells

B. they calcium dependent adherence proteins
C. altered expression of β-catenins is linked to neoplasia development
D. linkage to the cytoskeleton is completed by β-catenin linking to actin
E. zonula adherens are spotlike junctions near the apical surface of epithelial
cells
Answer: D pg 105
All of the following are active during the G0-G1 transition during liver regeneration
except:
A) c-FOS
B) c-JUN
C) c-MYC
D) STAT-3
E) Cyclin D-CDK4
Answer: E pages 101-102
Which of the following cytokines are important in the G0-G1 transition (priming) in
hepatocyte regeneration:
1) TNF
2) IL-6
3) HGF
4) TGF-α
5) TGF-β
A) 1,2
B) 2,3
C) 2,4
D) 3,4
E) 4,5
Answer: A page 102
Which of the following steps in collagen synthesis requires vitamin C?

A) Synthesis of procollagen
B) Cross-linking of collagen
C) Procollagen secretion from cell
D) Alignment of 3 procollagen chains
E) Transcription from collagen genes to form preprocollagen
Answer: B page 104
If lack L-gulonolactone oxidase the can’t convert L-gulonolactone to L-ascorbic acid
Which of the following receptor expressed by endothelial cells bind fibrin and fibronectin
for formation of newly formed blood vessels?
A. Tie2
B. EphB4
C. VEGFR-1
D. VEGFR-2
E. a5β3 integrin
(Answer E. page109. Pathologic basis of vet diz page 188, fig 4-32. EphB4:
receptor for Ephrin B2, mediate vascular remodeling)
Which of the following growth factors is the most important growth factor in adult tissues
undergoing angiogenesis?
A. EGF
B. FGF
C. VEGF
D. PDGF
E. TGF-β
Answer: C pg 109
Which of the following components of wound healing may be triggered by TGF-β?
1. collagen synthesis
2. fibroblast migration
3. collagenase secretion
4. fibroblast proliferation
5. monocytes chemotaxis
A. 1,2,3
B. 1,2,5
C. 2,3,4
D. 2,3,5
E. 3,4,5
Answer: B pg 111, Table 3-4
Which of the following components is the most important growth factor involved in the
inflammatory fibrosis? (p 110)
A. FGF
B. IL-1
C. PDGF
D. TGF-β
E. TNF-α
Answer: D
PDGF is involved in all of the following steps in wound healing EXCEPT: (p 111)
A. Angiogenesis
B. Collagen synthesis
C. Fibroblast migration
D. Monocytes chemotaxis
E. Fibroblast proliferation
Answer: A
Which of the following components inhibits the secretion of metalloproteinase? (p111)
F. FGF
G. IL-1
H. PDGF
I. TGF-β
J. TNF-α
Answer: D
Robbins Chap. 3 p. 95-101

Which one of the following growth factors is produced by platelets and macrophages? (p.
95)
A) tumor necrosis factor
B) insulin-like growth factor-1
C) transforming growth factor α
D) transforming growth factor β
E) vascular endothelial growth factor
Answer: D
Which one of the following intracellular signal transduction pathways is activated by

binding of ligands to receptors without tyrosine kinase activity? (p. 98)
A) IP3 pathway
B) cAMP pathway
C) PI3 kinase pathway
D) JAK/STAT pathway
E) MAP-kinase pathway
Answer: D

Which type of collagen is found in basement membranes? (p. 104)
A) Type II
B) Type IV
C) Type V
D) Type VII
E) Type IX
Answer: B (Type II and Type IX are found in cartilage; Type V in soft tissues and blood
vessels; Type VII in anchoring fibrils at dermal-epidermal junctions)

Stabilization of newly formed vessels requires which of the following growth factors? (p.
109)
6) TGF-α
7) TGF-β
8) PDGF
9) FGF-2
10) VEGF
F) 1, 2
G) 1, 3
H) 2, 3
I) 3, 4
J) 4, 5
Answer: C
All of the following growth factors are involved in promoting collagenase secretion
necessary for wound healing except: (p. 111)
F) FGF
G) TNF
H) EGF
I) PDGF
J) TGF-β
Answer: E (TGF-β inhibits collagenase secretion)
All of the following induce the secretion of MMPs (Matrix metalloproteinase) except:
1) FGF
2) PDGF
3) TGF-β
4) Steroids
5) IL-l and TNF
A) 1,2
B) 1,3
C) 2,3
D) 3,4
E) 3,5
Answer: D Page 109

Chapter 3 (Questions 2008-2009 Compiled)

Diunggah oleh

Informasi Dokumen

Deskripsi Asli:

Hak Cipta

Format Tersedia

Bagikan dokumen Ini

Bagikan atau Tanam Dokumen

Opsi Berbagi

Apakah menurut Anda dokumen ini bermanfaat?

Apakah konten ini tidak pantas?

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

Chapter 3 (Questions 2008-2009 Compiled)

Diunggah oleh

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

General pathology 2008-2009

Compiled by Bhupinder Bawa

A. Glial fibrillary acidic protein

Q3. Which of the following best describes Asymmetric replication?

A. Cells replicate throughout life

A. Olfactory bulb and dentate gyrus in rodent brains

Q7. The correct order of replication in a quiescent cell after injury is

Q13. Which of the following statements regarding TGF-β is false?

Q15. Which of the following are sources of PDGF?

Q17. Effects of TGF-β include all of the following except?

A. Growth inhibitor of most epithelial cells

A. Receptors without tyrosine kinase activity

Q21. Which of the following is not considered to be a ‘quiescent’ tissue?

Q23. Which of the following tissues is not of mesoderm origin?

A. Steroid hormone receptors

Q27. The most abundant glycoprotein in the basement membrane is?

Q28 All of the following are examples of fibrillar collagen except?

Q29. Priming of hepatocytes to enter cell cycle is mediated by?

Q31. Fibrillar collagens include which of the following?

A. results from oxidation of lysine and hydroxylysine residues

Q35. The extracellular matrix serves which of the following functions?

A. Enables cell to cell interactions

Q36. Basement membranes are composed of all the following except?

Q37. Which of the following enzymes is responsible for collagen cross-linking?

Q38. Type 1 collagen is found in

Q39. The necessary cofactor for MMP is

Q40. The following factors cause quiescent cells to go from G0 to G1?

Q41. Which of the following is not part of the ECM?

A. The cytokines TNF and IL-6 are implicated in G0/G1 transition

Q43. Basement membranes are composed of primarily which type of collagen?

A. Cadherins play a role in cell to cell contact inhibition

Q45. MMP includes all of the following except?

Q48. The most common inducer of angiogenesis

Q51. The functions of VEGF include all except

Q55. Which of the following is not a function of VEGF?

Q56. Which of the following is not a function of TGF-β?

A. Chemotactic for monocytes

Q57. Which of the following statements about MMPs is incorrect?

Q58. Which of the following is false regarding VEGF?

A. Increases vascular permeability

Q59. Matrix metalloproteinases are inhibited by…

Q63. Healing by fibrous placement occurs by (Robbins 107)

Q64. VEGF is not induced by

Q65. PDGF does not affect

Q66. Endothelial cell proliferation is not induced by

Q1. D; (Robbins pp 94)

Q44. B (Robbins p. 104-105) Cadherins are generally involved in calcium-dependent

2. Use of a leukocyte migration inhibitors as a therapeutic strategy for Mannheimia

4. Mast cell degranulation releases which of the following substances in rodents?

5. Basophils have what effect in the allergic response?

6. Which of the following substances can prevent apoptosis of tissue neutrophils?

7. Phagocytosis by Neutrophils occurs by which of the following means?

8. Heterophil is the neutrophil equivalent in which of the following species:

9. CHemotactic factors for eosinophils include all of the following except:

12. Substance P is released by which of the following cells?

13. Which of the following are effects of Histamine?

1. Increased vascular permeability via H2 receptors

15. Serotonin is released from plateelts by which of the following?

1. Platelet aggregation on collogen

Answer: C p123 Histamine is released from platelets by the same stimuli

16. What is the function of the serpin family of serum proteases?

Answer: A p123. The serpin family includes serum alpha2-macroglobulin (C1-INH),

17. Which of the following are effects of Substance P?