EGM6365

HW#1Solution

Question1
(Problem2.3ofArorasIntroductiontoOptimumDesign):Designabeermug,showninfig,toholdas
muchbeer aspossible.Theheightandradiusofthemugshouldbenotmorethan20cm.Themug
mustbeatleast5cminradius.Thesurfaceareaofthesidesmustnotbegreaterthan900cm2(ignore
theareaofthebottomofthemugandignorethemughandleseefig).Formulatetheoptimaldesign
problem.

Solution:

Designvariables:

Objectivefunction:

Subjectedto:

H
Ignorebottom
surface

X=(R,H)
maximizevolume,
R2H
Minimize,
f(X)=R2H

OR

1)H20
2)5R20

3)2RH900

g1(X)=H20 0
g2(X)=R20 0
g3(X)=5R 0
g4(X)=2RH900

OR
OR

OR

4)H0

EGM6365

HW#1Solution

Question2
(Problem 2.16 of Aroras Introduction to Optimum Design): Design of a twobar truss. Design a
symmetric two bar truss (both members have the same cross section) shown in figure to support a
loadW.Thetrussconsistsoftwosteeltubespinnedtogetheratoneendandsupportedontheground
at the other. The span of the truss is fixed at s. formulate the minimum mass truss design problem
using height and the crosssectional dimension as design variable. The design should satisfy the
followingconstraint.

1. Becauseofthespacelimitation,theheightofthetrussmustnotexceedb1,andmustnotbe
lessthanb2.
2. Theratioofthemeandiametertothicknessofthetubemustnotexceedb3.
3. Thecompressivestressinthetubesmustnotexceedtheallowablestressaforsteel.
4. Theheight,diameter,andthicknessmustbechosentosafeguardagainstmemberbuckling.

Usethefollowingdata:W=10kN;spans=2m;b1=5m;b2=2m;b3=90;allowablestress,a=250MPa;
modulusofelasticity,E=210GPa;massdensity,=7850kg/m3 ;factorofsafetyagainstbuckling,FS
=2;0.1<=D<=2(m);and0.01<=t<=0.1(m).

Height,H

SectionatAA

Solution:

F1F2
L

F1andF2aretheforcesinthetwotrussbars.
LetLbethelengthofeachbarandsbethedistancebetweentwoendpointsofbars(asshowninfig).
Lettbethethicknessofcrosssection.
Duetothesymmetry,
F1=F2=F
Also,

Fy=0
2Fcos()+W=0
F=W/2cos()
Assumingt<<D,crosssectionareaoftrussbar,A=Dt
.5

Lengthofbar

Stressintrussmember,
c=F/A=W/[2cos()Dt]
Forpinnedpinnedcolumn,criticalbucklingload,Pcr=2EI/L2
2

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and
Where,momentofinertia,
I=D3t/8

Designvariables:
X=(D,t)

Objectivefunction: Minimizethemassoftruss
Minimize,
f(X)=2AL

Subjectedto:
1)b2Hb1
OR

2)D/tb3

OR
3)ca

OR
4)FPcr/2

OR

5)0.1D2
6)0.01t0.1

HW#1Solution
Eisyoungsmodulus

g1(X)=Hb1 0
g2(X)=b2H 0
g3(X)=Db3t 0
g4(X)=ca 0
g5(X)=FPcr/20

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HW#1Solution

Question3
(Problem 2.17 of Aroras Introduction to Optimum Design): A beam of rectangular cross section as
shown in figure is subjected to maximum bending moment of M and maximum sheer of V. The
allowablebendingandshearingstressesareaanda respectively.Thebendingstressinthebeamis
calculatedas=6M/bd2andaverageshearstressinthebeamiscalculatedas=3V/2bd
Wheredisthedepthandbisthewidthofthebeam.Itisalsodesiredthatthedepthofthebeamshall
notexceedtwiceitswidth.Formulatethedesignproblemforminimumcrosssectionalareausingthe
followingdata:M=140kN,V=24kNa=165MPaa=50MPa

Solution:
Bendingstress,=6M/bd2
Shearstress, =3V/2bd

Designvariables:
X=(d,b)

Objectivefunction: minimizethecrosssectionalarea

Minimize,
f(X)=bd

Subjectedto:
1)d2b

OR
g1(X)=d2b0
OR
g2(X)=a0
2)a

3)a
OR
g3(X)=a0

4)b,d0

EGM6365

HW#1Solution

Question4
(Problem 2.17 of Aroras Introduction to Optimum Design): Design a hollow circular beam shown in
figurefor twoconditions whenP=50KN,the axialstressshouldbelessthena,and whenP=0,
deflectionduetoselfweightshouldsatisfy<=0.001l.Thelimitsfordimensionaret=0.10to1.0
cm, R = 2.0 to 20.0 cm. Formulate the minimum weight design problem and transcribe it into the
standard form. Use the following the data: = 5wl4/384EI; w = self weight force/length (N/m); a =
250MPa; modulus of elasticity, E = 210GPa; mass density; = 7800kg/m3; = P/A; gradational
constant,g=9.9m/s2;momentofinertia,I=R3t(m4).

Beam

l=3m

2R

Solution:
Part1:P=50KN
Part2:P=0

Beamcrosssectionarea,
A=2Rt
Axialstress,

=P/A
w=selfweightforce/length=g*2Rtl/l=7800*9.9*2Rt
Momentofinertia

I=R3t
Displacementunderselfweight:=5wl4/384EI
Designvariables:

Objectivefunction:

Subjectedto:

X=(R,t)
minimizationofweight=g*2Rtl
Minimize,
f(X)=

1)a

OR
g1(X)=(/a)10
2)0.001l0
OR
g2(X)=(/0.001l)10
NOTE:ITISGOODTOWORKWITHNONDIMENSIONALNORMALIZEDCONSTRAINTS

3)0.1t1
4)2R20

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HW#1Solution

Question5
Consider a laminate made from graphite/epoxy with E1=128 GPa, E2=13 GPa, G12= 6.4 GPa, and

12 0.3 . Formulate the design problem of obtaining an 8ply symmetric balanced laminate with
maximumEx,suchthatGxyisatleast25GPa,and xy isnotbiggerthan1.

Solution:
E1=128GPa,E2=13GPa,G12=6.4GPaandv12=0.3
v21=E2*v12/E1=0.030

Also,
Q11=E1/(1v12*v21)=128*109/(10.009)=129.16*109
Q22=13.11*109
Q12=3.93*109
Q66=6.4*109

Alsowecanfindthematerialinvariantsby:
U1=(3Q11+3Q22+2Q12+4Q66)/8=57.53*109
U2=(Q11Q22)/2=58.02*109
U3=(Q11+Q222Q124Q66)/8=13.6*109
U4=(Q11+Q22+6Q124Q66)/8=17.55*109
U5=(Q11+Q222Q12+4Q66)/8=20*109

Thicknessofindividualplyisassumedtobeconstant=t
Forbalancedlaminatewewillhavethefollowingstackingsequence, (1/1 / 2/2)s

Designvariables:

Objectivefunction:

Subjectedto:

X=(1,2)
MaximizeEx=[(A11/h)*(A22/h)(A22/h)2]/(A22/h)
OR
Minimize,
f(x)=[(A11/h)*(A22/h)(A22/h)2]/(A22/h)

1)Gxy=(A66/h)25*109
OR
g1(X)=1[(A66/h)/25*109]0
2)vxy=A12/A221

OR
g2(X)=(A12/A22)10

3)01 90
4)02 90