REFRIGERATION AND ANALYSIS OF EFFECTS COMPARISON

VALUE COP ( Coefficient of Performance )

R22 REFRIGERANT REFRIGERANT WITH MC-22

Hadityo Pamungkas, Yuswanto Andono, ST, MT, Ade Sunardi, ST, MT

Program Studi Teknik Mesin Sekoah Tinggi Teknologi Jakarta
Email : Hadityopamungkas@ymail.com

ABSTRACT

The destruction of the ozone layer and global warming effect caused by materials
containing chlorine (Cl) and one of them is caused by refrigerant that has some
elements of Cl. This will bind the elementchlorine ozone (O3), with chlorine as a
catalyst, ozone will decompose and become thinner and thinner which eventually
form the hole. Carbon dioxide (CO2) has contributed most about 50 percent,
followed Chloro Flour Carbon (CFC) 25 percent, 10 percent methane gas and the
remainder other gases to global warming. One alternative to safeguard the
environment use hydrocarbon refrigerants, in this test been refrigerant Musicool
MC-22 as a refrigerant alternative refrigerant R-22. This test aims to determine the
performance of split air conditioners that use refrigerants Musicool MC-22 and the
refrigerant R-22 with a test on split air conditioners for the brand SANYO 1 PK with
time variation in the condition of evaporator temperature high cool on the remote
control unit 20 C and without any charge and determine the temperature of the
room at a temperature

of

22 C.

ABSTRACT

The destruction of the ozone layer and global warming effect the caused by
materials containing chlorine (Cl) and one of them is the caused by refrigerant that

has some elements of Cl. This will bind the element chlorine ozone (O3), with
chlorine as a catalyst, ozone will decompose and Become thinner and thinner form
roomates Eventually the hole. Carbon dioxide (CO2) has Contributed most about 50
percent, Followed Chloro Flour Carbon (CFC) 25 percent, 10 percent methane gas
and the remainder other gases to global warming. One alternative to safeguard the
environment the use of hydrocarbon refrigerants, in this test has been refrigerant
Musicool MC-22 as a refrigerant alternative refrigerant R-22. This test aims to
Determine the performance of split air conditioners that use refrigerants Musicool
MC-22 and the refrigerant R-22 with a test on split air conditioners for the brand
SANYO 1 PK with time variation in the condition of the evaporator temperature high
cool on the remote control unit 20 C and without any charge and to Determine the
temperature of the room at a temperature of 22

C.

Keywords: COP (Coefficient of Performance Off), Refrigeration Effect, refrigerant R22, MC-22 refrigerant

PRELIMINARY
1.1. Background
Cooling machine technology is now
greatly affect the life of modern man, not just
limited to improving the quality and comfort of
human life also touched on essential matters of
human life support (Arora, 2001). Refrigeration
technology in the application of the various
sectors and the distribution of food, the
chemical process requires cooling, comfort
room for both in the industrial, office and
household. Currently refrigeration technology
most widely used type of vapor compression
cycle (Haryanto, 2004) machines of this type
most used refrigerant CFC and HCFC.
The reasons why the refrigerant gas was chosen
as the material in circulation by, namely because
of this volatile material and shape can
berubahubah, a liquid and a gas. The heat pipe
condenser are in refrigerant gas comes from the

(Clurofluorocarbon) such as R-11 and R-22 has

a negative effect on the environment that can
damage the ozone layer (Ozone Depleting
Potential / ODP) and cause global warming
(Global Warming potential / GWP). Musicool is
a hydrocarbon refrigerant with the base material
included in the group of natural and
environmentally friendly refrigerant, designed
as an alternative replacement refrigerants
sintetic halocarbons group; CFC R-12, HCFC
R-22 and HFC R-134a which still has the
potential to be damaging nature.

press by the compressor so that the material

becomes hot and the part where the refrigerant
gas circulation minimized, so the pressure is

1.2. Research purposes

Knowing characteristics refrigerants in it
s
use from In
terms
of performance or ability refrigeration an
d from aspect environment
Knowing difference condition physical
machine refrigerant to usage refrigerant.
Knowing evaporator temperature
Knowing the
temperature
of the
condenser.
Knowing power compressor The.

increasing and the evaporator to cool the pipe

(Stoker, Wilbert F 1992).
In general, the refrigerant has the
properties both in terms of techniques such as
the very high stability, non-flammable, nontoxic and more easily obtained. But despite the
good properties of the synthetic refrigerant
mainly
containing
CFC
compounds

1.3. Scope of problem

The discussion is conducted in this thesis is
limited in comparison with the use of refrigerant
R22 MC-22 in the cooling machine brands
Sanyo with a capacity of 1px. At the point of
design asfollows:
Ambient temperature 32 o C.
Room temperature 22 0 C.

II.

LITERATURE REVIEW
II.1.System Refrigeration
Refrigeration is a method of conditioning
the room temperature to remain below the
ambient temperature. Because the temperature
of the conditioned manganese are always under
ambient temperature, then the room will be
cold, so that refrigeration can also be called by
the cooling method. This method of cooling
(refrigeration) will succeed with the help of
refrigerant substances. Refrigerant will act as an
absorbent and heat-transfer media by changing
the phase. The refrigerant is a substance that is
easy to change phase from liquid to vapor and
vice versa if the pressure and temperature
conditions changed.
II.2.Component Main System Refrigeration
Refrigeration system generally consists
of several main components, among others,
compressor, condenser, evaporator and capillary
tube.
A. Compressor
In
the
refrigeration
cycle
compressor serves to compress the cooling
fluid in the form of refrigerant from the
evaporator to the gas phased low pressure
so that it has a higher pressure and a
simultaneous increase in the pressure will
lead to temperature increases. Besides the
compressor also serves as a means of
circulating the refrigerant in the
refrigeration system, so that the evaporator
can achieve the desired pressure and
temperature.

FFigure 2.2 Condenser

C. Pipe Capillary
Capillary tube is one of the
expansion device. This expansion
device has two keguanaan namely
liquid refrigerant pressure and to
regulate the flow of refrigerant to the
evaporator.

Figure 2.3 Capillary Pipes

D. Evaporator
The refrigerant absorbs heat in
the room through the cooling coils and
evaporator fan blowing cool air into
the room.

Figure 2.4 Evaporator

II.3.Vapour Compression Cycle Standards
(Theoretical)
Of the many types of refrigeration
systems, but the most commonly used is a vapor
compression refrigeration system. The main
components of a vapor compression cycle is the
compressor, condenser, expansion valve and
evaporator.

Figure 2.1 scroll compressors

B. condenser
The condenser is a device used
to process heat transfer Condenser

Figure 2.5 Schematic Vapour Compression

Cycle
In the vapor compression cycle, the
refrigerant in the evaporator will 'suck' the heat
from the environment so that the heat will
evaporate the refrigerant. Then the refrigerant
vapor to be compressed by the compressor until
it reaches the condenser pressure, the steam
condenser refrigerant in kondensasikan by

removing heat from the refrigerant vapor into

the environment. Then the refrigerant will
return forwarded to the evaporator. In the
diagram Ph ideal vapor compression cycle can
be seen in the following figure. Ph Diagram
Figure 2.6 Compression Cycle Ideal
The processes that occur in the vapor
compression cycle as in Figure 2.6 above are as
follows. Standard vapor compression cycle is
the theoretical cycle, where in the cycle assumes
several processes as follows:
1.

The compression process, lasting from

1-2 points. In the theoretical cycle
refrigerant assumed no change in track
conditions during the suction flow. In
this process at a pressure refrigerant
vapor is compressed until the pressure
evaporation
condensation. Assumed
isentropic compression process so that
the pressure enthalpy diagram, points 1-2
are on one line of constant entropy. At
point
2
refrigerant
vapor
is
at superheat condition. This compression
process requires working outside, steam
enthalpy rise is from h1 to h2. The
magnitude of this increase is equal to the
mechanical work done on the refrigerant
vapor.

2.

The process of condensation, the 22 'and 2' -3 occur in the condenser. Hot
refrigerant vapor coming out of the
compressor cooled to the temperature of
condensation
and
then
in
kondensasikan. Point 2 is a condition
refifigeran off the compressor. At point
2 'refrigerant in a state of saturated steam
at a pressure and temperature
condensation. So
the
22 'is the sensible cooling process of the
exit temperature compressor into the
condensation temperature. This process
occurs at constant pressure. The amount
of heat that is transferred during this
process is the enthalpy difference
between points 2 and 2 '. Process 2 '-3 is
the condensation of steam in the
condenser. Condensation process occurs
at constant pressure. The amount of heat
that is transferred during this process is
the enthalpy difference between 2 "3. The amount of total heat released in
the condenser is the amount of heat
released in the process of 2- 2 'plus the
heat released in the process 2' - 3. The
heat comes from the total heat absorbed

by the refrigerant evaporates in the

evaporator and the heat input for the
mechanical work on the compressor.
3.

The process of expansion, takes place

from 3-4 points. In the standard cycle is
assumed to not change the condition of
the liquid refrigerant flowing in the fluid
pathway
to
the throttling device.Conditions
refrigerant entered into the controller
given by point 3. In this process the
refrigerant
pressure
drops
of
condensation
pressure
evaporation
pressure point 3 becomes point 4. At the
time of fluid in ekspansikan through the
expansion
device
to
the
evaporator, refrigerant temperature also
dropped
from
the
condensation
temperature
to
the
evaporation
temperature. It is caused by the
evaporation of most of the liquid
refrigerant
during the
expansion
process. The process 3-4 is a process of
adiabatic expansion in which the
enthalpy of the fluid does not change
throughout the process. Refrigerant at
point 4 in a state of liquid and vapor
mixture.

4.

Evaporation process, the process 4-1 is a

process of evaporation of refrigerant in
the evaporator or also called refrigeration
effect (RE). This process takes place at
temperatures and pressures remain.

II.4.Thermodynamic Analysis of Vapour

Compression Cycle
Process Compression
W = m (h2 - h1)
with:
W = compressor power (kW)
h1 = enthalpy of the refrigerant at point
1 (kJ / kg)
h2 = enthalpy of the refrigerant at point
2 (kJ / kg)
m = mass flow rate of refrigerant
(kg / s)

Process Evapotasi and

Condensation
Qe = m (h1 - h4)
with:
Qe = amount of heat flow rate of
evaporation (kJ / s)
h1 = enthalpy of the refrigerant at point
1 (kJ / kg)

h4 = enthalpy of the refrigerant at point

4 (kJ / kg)
m = mass flow rate of refrigerant
(kg / s)
The rate of heat flow in the
condensing process is formulated as
follows: (Stoecker, Wilbert F. 1992).
Qc = m (h2 - h3)
with:
Qc = The amount of condensation heat
flow rate (kJ / s)
h2 = enthalpy of the refrigerant at point
2 (kJ / kg)
h3 = enthalpy of the refrigerant at point
3 (kJ / kg)

coefficient Achievement
COP = coefisien of performance
II.5.Refrigerant
Refrigerant is cooling agents in the
form of fluid used to absorb heat through phase
change liquid to gas (evaporates) and remove
heat through changes in the gas phase to the
liquid (condenses). The ideal refrigerant
requirements, among others (Arismunandar
Wiranto, Saito Heizo. 2005).
III. RESEARCH METHODS
3.1 Flowchart

Process strangulation / expansion (t

hrottling process)
h3
= h4 (kJ / kg)
Effect Refregerasi
RE = h1 - h4 (kJ / kg) with:
RE = cooling effect (kJ / kg)
Rate Flow calor Evaporator
Qevaporator = m air evaporator (hin
-hout) with:
Q evaporator = rate of heat flow evaporator
(kJ / s)
m air evaporator = evaporator air mass flow
rate (kg / s)
h in = enthalpy of the air at the
evaporator inlets and corrected in TWB
space (kJ / kg)
h out = enthalpy of the air at the exit
side of the evaporator and corrected in
TWB space (kJ / kg)
Rate Flow air Evaporator
M = air conditioned evaporator. A. V
with:
= mass rate of air
Air evaporator M
evaporator (kg / s)
air = Density of air
(Kg / m3)
A = cross-sectional area of the airways
evaporator (m2)
V = air velocity through the air channel
evaporator
(M / s)
Rate The mass flow of refrigerant
m of refrigerant =
with:
m of refrigerant = refrigerant mass flow rate
(kg / s)
Q evap = air flow rate evaporator heat
(kJ / s)

Figure 3.1Diagram Flow Research

Methodology

3.2 Schematic Process Testing

5.

Set temperature room on temperature wa

s determined (22 C) temperature.
6. Noting parameters pressure and temperat
ure refrigerant entering and Exit from co
mpressors, kodensor, valves expansion a
nd the evaporator each there change.
7. record all temperature air and speed rate
the air is out of
the evaporator and blower temperature ro
om (Tr) each there is change at T1.
8. record ampermeter and voltmeter on ever
y change.
9. shut
down machine test system conditioning a
ir.
10. Repeat steps 1 to 10 for every variation ti
me who has determined
11. shut
down tool test and arrange back equipme
nt will used.

Figure 3.2 Schematic Process Testing

3.3 Testing Equipment
In this test requires a major tool of
encouraging and tools for success in
testing. The tools used in the test as follows:
Sanyo Split Air Conditioner 1pk
Vacuum pump
manifold Gauge
Tang Ampere
refrigerant
anemometer
T ermokopel
3.4 Testing process
Examination Before examination
Steps Turning Machine
Leakage test On Installing
vacuum system

IV.

Result and Analysis

Table 4.1 data test results refrigerant MC-22

Table 4.2 data test results refrigerant R-22

filling refrigerant R-22 and MC-22

3.5 Data Processing Procedures

Pengambialan of data when using
refrigerant R-22 refrigerants as well as when
using the MC-22 is done with the following
steps:
1. Prepare tool written and sheet data retrie
val.
2. Prepare and put all tool measuring on po
sition and confirm in condition good.
3. turn
on machine test and wait to condition tru
ly stable or steady.
4. Put switch conditioners air on ON positio
n and set on the evaporator blower high
cool position and on temperature evapora
tor remote control with temperature
of 20 o C.

IV.1. Chart Calculation Power Compressor

To Pressure

Figure 4.1 Graph Against Pressure Compressor

Power Calculation
From Figure 4.1 graphs compressor power to
pressure variations with the imposition seen that
the power compressor refrigerant R-22 and MC22 on the pressure 15psia, 30psia, 45psi, and
60psia is.
R-22: 0.011945 Kj / s, 0.013871 Kj / s,
0.014294 Kj / s, 0.014902 Kj / s
MC-22: 0.009707 Kj / s, 0.011809 Kj / s,
0.012642 Kj / s, 0.014396 Kj / s.
From the graph above it can be concluded that
increasing the pressure on P1 then lead to higher
compressor power. For refrigerant R-22 has
increased by an average of 5:37% while for the
MC-22 refrigerant has increased on average by
9.65%

Figure 4.3 Calculation of Coefficient of

Performance Graphics
COP graph of Figure 4.3 against the imposition
of pressure variations seen that the refrigerant

IV.2. Chart Calculation Effect Refrigeration

To Pressure

R-22 and MC-22 at a pressure of 15 psia, 30

psia, 45 psia and 60 psia is.
R-22: 2.638285, 3.122103, 3.666755, 4.233149
MC-22: 2.937746, 3.2188, 3.835181, 4.444829

Figure 4.2 Graph Calculation Refrigerating

Effect Against Pressure
From Figure 4.2 graphs refrigeration effect to
the variation of pressure with the imposition
seen that the refrigerating effect of refrigerant
R-22 and MC-22 at a pressure of 15 psia, 30
psia, 45 psia and 60 psia is.
R-22: 39.7235 Kj / kg, 45.7474 Kj / kg, 50.6979
Kj / kg, 55.576463 Kj / kg
MC-22: 112.6794 Kj / kg, 118 467 Kj / kg,
120.6749 Kj / kg, 120.8188 Kj / kg
From the graph above it can be concluded that
increasing the pressure on the P1 refrigeration
effect is getting up as well. For refrigerant R-22
has increased by an average of 8:26% while for
the MC-22 refrigerant has increased on average
by 6.72%
IV.3. Chart Calculation Coefficient
Achievement

From the graph above it can be concluded that

increasing the pressure on P1, the COP will also
rise. For refrigerant R-22 has increased by an
average of 11.67% while for refrigerant MC-22
increased by 10:43%

V.

Cover
V.1. Conclusion
After testing and analyzing data from the
test results 1PK Sanyo Ac split with variations
in pressure and without loading it can take some
conclusions as follows:
1.

Power compressor refrigerant R-22 and

MC-22 rose 2.3% and 9.1%, the effect of
refrigeration refrigerant R-22 and MC-22
rose 6.97% and 13.69%, the cooling
capacity of the refrigerant R-22 and MC22 rose 44.94% and 48.11% and the
coefficient of performance of refrigerant
R-22 and MC-22 rose 43.65% and 42.9%
due to the pressure on P1 (compressor
suction valve) rises.

2.

The coefficient of the highest performance

at a pressure of 60 psia good refrigerant
refrigerant R-22 and MC-22 for refrigerant
R-22 refrigerant is 5.85 and for the MC-22
is 6.17.

3.

The coefficient of performance of

equipment that uses the air conditioning
refrigerant MC-22 higher and 5.1% lower
refrigerant mass stuffing 30% compared
with R-22 refrigerant, then the tool that
uses the air conditioning refrigerant MC22, 30% more efficient refrigerant mass
stuffing.

V.2. Suggestion
From the testing that has been done there
are some suggestions that can be submitted,
namely:
1.

Before testing the measuring instrument

should be calibrated so that the data
generated in the test more accurate.

2.

When testing the refrigerant using MC-22

should not smoke or light a fire to avoid a
fire in case of leakage in test equipment air
conditioning refrigerant dikarenankan MC22 is highly flammable.

3.

Further research is needed on the use of

refrigerant MC-22 as a refrigerant
alternative refrigerant R-22 to the effects
arising on the environment and on the
conditioning tool itself.

Bibliography
1. WF Stoecker, Jones
JW,
1982, Refrigeration and conditioning air,
Airlangga, Jakarta.
2.

Herlianika, H,
2005, Experiment With Tool boaster Refrig
eration Basic, Butterworth-Heinemann, O
xford.

3.

Reynolds,
William
C.,
1991, Thermodynamics
Engineering,
second
edition
fourth
printing, Jakarta: Erland.

4.

Frank,
M,
White,
1994, Mechanics Fluid, Erland, Jakarta.