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    HTTP Responses

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    HTTP Responses

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    HTTPResponses
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    Afterreceivingandinterpretingarequestmessage,aserverrespondswithanHTTPresponsemessage:

    AStatusline

    Zeroormoreheader(General|Response|Entity)fieldsfollowedbyCRLF

    Anemptyline(i.e.,alinewithnothingprecedingtheCRLF)
    indicatingtheendoftheheaderfields

    Optionallyamessagebody

    ThefollowingsectionsexplaineachoftheentitiesusedinanHTTPresponsemessage.

    MessageStatusLine
    A StatusLine consists of the protocol version followed by a numeric status code and its associated textual phrase. The elements are
    separatedbyspaceSPcharacters.
    StatusLine=HTTPVersionSPStatusCodeSPReasonPhraseCRLF

    HTTPVersion
    AserversupportingHTTPversion1.1willreturnthefollowingversioninformation:
    HTTPVersion=HTTP/1.1

    StatusCode
    TheStatusCodeelementisa3digitintegerwherefirstdigitoftheStatusCodedefinestheclassofresponseandthelasttwodigitsdonot
    haveanycategorizationrole.Thereare5valuesforthefirstdigit:
    S.N.

    CodeandDescription

    1xx:Informational

    Itmeanstherequestwasreceivedandtheprocessiscontinuing.
    2

    2xx:Success

    Itmeanstheactionwassuccessfullyreceived,understood,andaccepted.
    3

    3xx:Redirection

    Itmeansfurtheractionmustbetakeninordertocompletetherequest.
    4

    4xx:ClientError

    Itmeanstherequestcontainsincorrectsyntaxorcannotbefulfilled.
    5

    5xx:ServerError

    Itmeanstheserverfailedtofulfillanapparentlyvalidrequest.

    HTTPstatuscodesareextensibleandHTTPapplicationsarenotrequiredtounderstandthemeaningofallregisteredstatuscodes.Alistofall
    thestatuscodeshasbeengiveninaseparatechapterforyourreference.

    ResponseHeaderFields
    We will study Generalheader and Entityheader in a separate chapter when we will learn HTTP header fields. For now, let's check what
    Responseheaderfieldsare.
    The responseheader fields allow the server to pass additional information about the response which cannot be placed in the Status Line.
    TheseheaderfieldsgiveinformationabouttheserverandaboutfurtheraccesstotheresourceidentifiedbytheRequestURI.
    AcceptRanges
    Age
    ETag
    Location
    ProxyAuthenticate
    RetryAfter
    Server
    Vary
    WWWAuthenticate

    YoucanintroduceyourcustomfieldsincaseyouaregoingtowriteyourowncustomWebClientandServer.

    ExamplesofResponseMessage
    Now let's put it all together to form an HTTP response for a request to fetch the hello.htm page from the web server running on
    tutorialspoint.com
    HTTP/1.1200OK
    Date:Mon,27Jul200912:28:53GMT
    Server:Apache/2.2.14(Win32)
    LastModified:Wed,22Jul200919:15:56GMT
    ContentLength:88
    ContentType:text/html
    Connection:Closed

    <html>
    <body>
    <h1>Hello,World!</h1>
    </body>
    </html>

    ThefollowingexampleshowsanHTTPresponsemessagedisplayingerrorconditionwhenthewebservercouldnotfindtherequestedpage:
    HTTP/1.1404NotFound
    Date:Sun,18Oct201210:36:20GMT
    Server:Apache/2.2.14(Win32)
    ContentLength:230
    Connection:Closed
    ContentType:text/html;charset=iso88591

    <!DOCTYPEHTMLPUBLIC"//IETF//DTDHTML2.0//EN">
    <html>
    <head>
    <title>404NotFound</title>
    </head>
    <body>
    <h1>NotFound</h1>
    <p>TherequestedURL/t.htmlwasnotfoundonthisserver.</p>
    </body>
    </html>

    FollowingisanexampleofHTTPresponsemessageshowingerrorconditionwhenthewebserverencounteredawrongHTTPversioninthe
    givenHTTPrequest:
    HTTP/1.1400BadRequest
    Date:Sun,18Oct201210:36:20GMT
    Server:Apache/2.2.14(Win32)
    ContentLength:230
    ContentType:text/html;charset=iso88591
    Connection:Closed

    <!DOCTYPEHTMLPUBLIC"//IETF//DTDHTML2.0//EN">
    <html>
    <head>
    <title>400BadRequest</title>
    </head>
    <body>
    <h1>BadRequest</h1>
    <p>Yourbrowsersentarequestthatthisservercouldnotunderstand.</p>
    <p>Therequestlinecontainedinvalidcharactersfollowingtheprotocolstring.</p>
    </body>
    </html>

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