Problem #1
Jacket
r dr dr k
Water
qg = 74.52 MW/m3
h = 56.79 kW/m2 K
k = 0.03 kW/m K
Tave = 130oC (Average fluid
temperature while passing
through the jacket)
Water
Fuel
rod
(1)
dT
2ro k
2ro hTo Tw
dr
From Eq.(1): k
dT
dr
r ro
From Eq.(3): To Tw
q g ro2
Hence Tmax To 4k
q g ro
dT
dr
(3)
0.9315 MW/m2
r ro
= 130+16.4 = 146.4C
74.52 10 0.025
146.4
6
4 30
= 146.4+387.9 = 534.3C
@ r =0
Problem #2
Al
Frame
T
Tc
To
Transistor case
Thermal grease
and gasket
Rconv
Rt,c
T
To
Rrad
RT
Tc
Given conditions:
Operating power 4.5 W
RT = Case to ambient resistance = 28C/W
Tc,max = Maximum allowable case temperature = 75C
Af = Area of the frame (heat sink)
Rt,c = contact resistance between transistor and frame
= 0.75C/W
3
qT
Tc T 75 26
RT
28 = 1.75 W
Rconv
Rt,c
T
To
Rrad
T T
1
Rcon
hA
AFs a To4 T4
qcon hAT
qrad
To T
1
A To T To2 T2
Here To is not known
Assuming To = Tc=348K, as a first approximation
4
Tc
Rrad
= 86.3C/W
1
1
Rcon
Tc T
75 26
qheat sink
Tc To
Rt ,c
Problem #3
Tb = Ts = 120oC
k = 245 W/m K
Ta = 25oC
h = 80 W/m2 K
Fin:
d = 2 mm
L = 10 mm
q f hPkAc b tanh mL
b Tb T = 120 25 = 95oC
hPkAc 80 0.002 245 ( / 4) 0.0022 = 0.0196 W/K
hP
80 0.002
2
m2
2 = 653.06 (1/m )
kAc 245 ( / 4) 0.002
m = 25.55 (1/m)
mL = 25.550.01 = 0.255 < 3
qf
qf
Af DL
Af (0.002)(0.01) = 6.283x10-5 m2
f
0.4645
80 6.283 105 95 = 97.3%
qf
hAc ,0b
0.4645
19.45
2
80 ( / 4)(0.002) 95
Problem #4
Thermocouple
Steam
Thermocouple
Junction
T = 250oC
h = 380 W/m 2 K
Ta at t=0 = 30oC
hAs
T T
exp
Vc
Ti T
p
t
t exp
Vc p
= time constant = hA
s
D3
As D ; V
;
6
2
cp D
h 6
V
D3
D
2
6
As 6 D
8000 380 D
1
380
6
D = 7.5x10-4 m = 0.75 mm
To check for validity of Lump Capacitance method
hLc h V
h D 380 7.5 10 4
0.002 0.1
Bi
25 6
k
k As k 6
240-250
1 ln
= 3.09 s
30-250
OK