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Jeromy Rech 6

AP Government Unit 3 FRQ

1. Specific political attitudes develop from a number of sources. Identify four of these sources
and explain how they affect political ideology.
1. The role of family
1. Party identification of family absorbed, but more independent as child grows
2. Much continuity between generations
2. Religion
1. Religious traditions affect families
a. Catholic families somewhat more liberal
b. Protestant families more conservative
c. Jewish families decidedly more liberal
2. Christian Coalition - grassroots mobilization, Republican affiliation
3. The gender gap
1. Changing partisan affiliations
a. Women were likely to be Republicans in 1950's
b. Women were likely to be Democrats since late 1960's
c. Change due to shift in party policy positions (abortion, equal pay/equal
work, etc.)
4. Schooling and information
1. College education has liberalizing effect
2. Effect extends beyond end of college
3. Cause of this liberalization?
a. Personal traits: temperament, family, intelligence
b. Exposure to information politics
c. Liberalism of professors
4. Effect growing as more go to college

2. Public opinion polling is used to measure Americans' belief about a number of issues, and
polling can be relatively accurate under certain conditions. Identify and explain how two of the
factors listed below can impact the accuracy of a public opinion poll.
1. Random Sample
a. method of selecting from a population in which every person had an equal
chance of being selected
b. not equal = bias/skewed results = no reliable/valid
2. The way the question is worded
a. some could be open-ender or worded in an unclear way
b. could be worded in such a way that the results would be difficult to interpret
c. cant answer question properly = wrong results = bias/skewed results = not
reliable/valid
3. Sampling Error
a. the difference between the results of 2 surveys
b. if the same questions are asked in the same way two different times and the
answers are different = not reliable = cant be used b/c doesnt accurately display
the wants/desires/beliefs of the surveyed population

3. Identify and explain two methods, other than voting, of participation in the political process.
1. Campaign Worker/Volunteers/Donations
a. help funding for TV. Ads = more propaganda = more followers
b. manpower/workforce = more help = more can get done
c. help show individual preferences = helps to show what you support
2. Contacting Public Officials
a. Direct representation = one on one contact
b. direct response = email, call, write, etc
c. magnify representation = thinks that many people have same problem
d. specific area = dont have to go around barriers, just ask question
3. Protesting
a. bring to public attention = show problems = news= attention= discussion
b. sympathy = make it look like your abused/neglected
c. low cost = only opportunity costs
d. immediate response = people see and react

4. Over time, voting rights have been expanded to include groups previously excluded from the
formal political process. For ALL of the groups below, explain how voting rights have been
expanded and discuss the impact of these groups on the political process.
1. Women
a. 19th Amendment
b. Women suffrage
c. allowed to vote
2. African Americans
a. 15th Amendment
b. Black suffrage
c. allowed to vote now
1. 24th amendment: Poll Tax banned
2. Voting Rights Act of 1965: Bann Literary Test
3. Voters ager 18-21
a. 26th Amendment
b. Voting age now 18

5. In the last half of the 20th century, voter turnout in federal election has declined. During the
same period, voter turnout has been higher in the presidential elections that in midterm elections.
1. Identify two factors that have contributed to the overall decline in turnout in federal
elections and explain how each factor has contributed to the over decline.
a. Apathy/indifference
1. My one vote doesnt mean anything
b. Lack of knowledge on how, where, when
1. Long lines to vote
2. Confusing government jargon used
c. Time and effort taken
1. Registration
2. Waiting in line
d. Registration
1. Long
2. Confusion
3. Re-do if move
2. Identify and explain two reasons why voter turnout has been higher in presidential
elections that in midterm elections.
a. Media
1. Greater interest in presidential elections
2. Greater information about candidates/issues
3. Infomercials
b. Visibility
1. Seen as more important
2. More money spent in presidential elections
c. Issues
1. More televised debates
2. Hot topics

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