PHYLUM CILIOPHORA

and longitudinal positions.

Their armored plates contain
pellicle that is made from cell
membrane and vesicles
(composed of cross-linked
cellulose forming plates).

They are the base of most

food chains
Paramecium sp. (whole
mount, conjugation, fission)
Has cilia around the anterior
end (bell); horn-shaped.
Vorticella sp.

Their horns are for buoyancy.

Cerutium species found in
warm waters have more
horns than those found in
cold waters. Warm water is
less viscous. They need more
horns in order to remain
suspended in the water
column.
Pyrodonium sp.

Conjugatio

Its stalk (myoneme) is

anchored onto a substrate;
reproduction is by budding.
PHYLUM DINOZOA
.

Fissio

Bloom of dinoflagellates
results to red tide
Cerutium sp.

PHYLUM APICOMPLEXA
.

Ciliated; enclosed by stiff but

elastic membrane called
pellicle; heterotroph feeds
on bacteria & other small.
Stentor sp.

Ellipsoid-shaped; covered
cellulose thecal plates; has
two flagella located in the
transverse (wrapped; for
strirring) and longitudinal
(for moving forward and
backward) positions.

Monocystis sp.

Has two flagella, armored

plates and horns; Mixotroph
both photosynthetic and
heterotrophic.
Their flagella are located in
the transverse (wrapped)

In humans, it initially
reproduce on a red blood
cell; first organ it infect is the
liver.
PHYLUM EUGLENOZOA
.
Euglena sp.

Parasitic flagellated protozoa;

transmitted via a vector;
causes African Sleeping
Sickness transmitted from a
Tsetse fly (vector).
Trypanosoma lewisi is a
parasite of Rattus species in
America. The parasite was
transmitted from fleas
(vector).
PHYLUM AMOEBAZOA
.
Amoeba sp.

An endoparasite found in the

seminal vesicle and coelom of
earthworms; monogenetic
life cycle is completed in a
single host; contains
contractile myonemes for
metabolic locomotion.

Flagellated; Autotrophs
have chloroplasts containing
chlorophyll a & b; Their
chloroplasts have three
membranes which has been
used as an evidence that their
chloroplasts evolved from
green alga (endosymbiosis);
chloroplasts contain
pyrenoids for the synthesis
of a carbohydrate called
paramylon.

Has the ability to alter its

shape by extending/refracting
its pseudopods; ingest their
food by phagocytosis.

Plasmodium vivax

Trypanosoma sp.

Causes Malaria; carried by

female Anopheles
mosquito; Sexually
reproduce in a definite host
(mosquito) and asexually
reproduce in an
intermediate host (human);

Entamoeba histolytica (cyst,

trophozoite/vegetative phase)

CYS

can only survive for a few

months without the host.
Noninvasive infection:
cysts in stool exits host >
cysts enter human body by
ingestion of contaminated
water or food.

TROPHOZOI

Parasitic protozoan; causes

amoebiasis.
Cysts can survive outside the
host in water, soil and food
(preferably moist) but are
readily killed by heat and by
freezing temperatures. They

Invasive infection:
Trophozoites invade the
intestinal mucosa > infects
organs such as the liver, brain
and lungs via bloodstream.
Arcella sp.

OTHER SPECIMEN OF UNDETERMINED TAXA

___
Opalina ranarum

Leaf-like; live as endocommensals in the

large intestines and cloaca of frogs and
toads, living off the left-over nutrients in
its feces.

Has a circular chitinous test

(shell) with a hole on its
center from where its
pseudopods emerge; eats by
stretching out its
pseudopods surrounding the
food.

____
Volvox sp.

Multicellular colonial; composed of

flagellated cells embedded in the surface of
coenobium (a hallow sphere containing
extracellular matrix); each flagellated cell have
eyespots which enable them to swim towards
light.

-------------------------------- EXTRAS ----------------------------------\

STENTOR PARTS ON LOW MAGNIFICATION
MAGNIFICATION

VORTICELLA PARTS ON LOW

ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA

ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA LIFE CYCLE

PLASMODIUM VIVAX LIFE CYCLE