UG 29 Stiffening Rings For Cylindrical Shells Under External Pressure

122
Cylindrical and Spherical Parts Subjected to Internal and External Pressure
Chapter 7
The calculated maximum allowable external pressure of 217 psi is much greater than the
required 30 psi. Therefore assume a thinner section and redo calculations.
Assume t = 0.25 inch
Ro =
A=
120 in.
+ 0.25 in. = 60.25 inch
2
(0.125) (0.25 in.)

= 0.00052
60.25 in.
From Figure CS2, B = 7,500 psi. Therefore:
Pa =
7,500 psi (0.25 in.)

= 31 psi
60.25 in.
The calculated maximum allowable external pressure of 31 psi is just slightly greater than
the required value of 30 psi. Therefore, the minimum required thickness is 0.25 inch.
UG29 Stiffening Rings for Cylindrical Shells Under External Pressure

The Code provides two methods for sizing stiffening rings. Method (a) is based on the stiffening ring
providing all additional stiffening, and method (b) is based on a combination of the stiffening ring
and a part of the shell providing the additional stiffening. Both methods require that one assume an
initial size and shape for the ring.
(a) Stiffening ring alone:
1) Determine B, where:
B = 0.75 (
PDo
)
t + A S /L S
AS = cross-sectional area of stiffening ring, square inches.

LS = distance between support lines on both sides of the stiffening ring, inches.
Do = outside diameter of shell, inches.
2) Enter appropriate external pressure chart in Section II, Part D and determine Factor A
that corresponds to the calculated Factor B.
3) Determine the required moment of inertia of the stiffening ring only, IS:
IS =
2
D L t
o S
AS
L S A
14
CASTI Guidebook to ASME Section VIII Div. 1 Pressure Vessels Third Edition
Chapter 7
123
4) Determine actual moment of inertia of ring only, I, in.4

5) I must be equal to or greater than IS
(b) The stiffening ring/shell combination:
1) Determine B, where:
B = 0.75 (
PDo
)
t + A S /L S
AS = cross-sectional area of stiffening ring, square inches.

LS = distance between support lines on both sides of the stiffening ring, inches.
Do = outside diameter of shell, inches.
2) Enter appropriate external pressure chart in Section II, Part D and determine Factor A
that corresponds to the calculated Factor B.
3) Determine the required moment of inertia of the ring/shell combination, IS', in.4
IS =
S'
2
D L t +
o S
AS
L S
14
2
D L t
o S
AS
L S
10.9
4) Determine the moment of inertia of the combined ring and shell section acting together,
I', inch4. The length of shell used in the calculation shall not be greater than 1.10 (Dot).
No overlap of contribution is allowed.
5) I' shall be equal to or greater than IS'.
Note that the formulas for B are identical. If the value of B falls below the left end of the
material/temperature curve, then A is calculated using A = 2B/E where E is the modulus of elasticity.
If different materials are used for the shell and stiffening ring, then use the external pressure chart
that gives the lowest value of A.
124
Chapter 7
General Requirements
Stiffening rings must extend completely around the circumference of the cylinder. All joints and
connections between rings must maintain the required moment of inertia of the combined ring-shell
section. Inside and outside rings are allowed and stiffening rings may be continued on the opposite
surface. See Figure 7.10.
Gap (not to exceed 8 times

the thickness of the shell plate)
This section shall have moment of inertia

required for ring unless requirements of
butt weld
UG-29 (c) are met.
gap
see UG-29 (c)

shell
web of stiffener
flange of stiffener
butt weld
gap in ring
for drainage
J
This section shall have moment of

inertia required for ring.
strut
member
section J-K
Length of any gap in unsupported shell not to

exceed length of arc shown in Fig. UG-29.2
butt weld
in ring
unstiffened cylinder
Type of construction
when gap is greater
than length of arc
shown in Fig. UG-29.2
at least 120 deg.
support
This section shall have moment of

inertia required for ring.
Figure 7.10 Various arrangements of stiffening rings for

cylindrical vessels subjected to external pressure. Fig. UG29.1.
Chapter 7
125
Limited gaps in stiffening rings adjacent to the shell are allowed. The allowed gap length depends on
L/Do and Do/t and is given by Figure 7.11. Gaps greater than the allowed length must be reinforced
on the opposite surface or comply with additional requirements given in UG29. The additional
requirements are:
1. limit the unsupported shell arc to 90 degrees,
2. stagger unsupported shell arcs in adjacent stiffening rings, and
3. increase the unsupported shell length L to the distance between alternate rings or at heads to the
second ring from the head.
Baffles, trays, tray supports, or other internal structures perpendicular to the axis of the longitudinal
axis and welded to the cylinder may function as stiffeners provided they satisfy all the requirements
in paragraphs UG29 and UG30.
2000
D
o
0.0
75
Do
0.0
Ar
85
c=
Do
0.1
0
Ar
D
c=
o
0.1
Ar
25
c=
Do
0.1
50
Arc
Do
=0
.17
5D
Ar
c=
o
0.2
00
Arc
Do
=0
.25
Arc
0D
=0
o
.30
0D
o
D
o
Arc
=
200
0.3
90
Do
Ar
c=
65
0.0
c=
Ar
c=
Ar
Ar
c=
0.
05
5
0.
40
0.
D
04
o
5
D
o
0.
03
D
o
Ar
c
c=
Ar
c=
100
80
60
50
40
30
Ar
03
Ar
thickness, D /t s
600
500
400
300
Outside diameter
1000
800
0.
20
10
0.01
0.02
0.04 0.06 0.10 0.2

Design length
0.4 0.6
1.0
3 4 5 6
8 10
20
outside diameter, L/D
Figure 7.11 Maximum arc of shell left unsupported because of gap in stiffening ring
of cylindrical shell under external pressure. Fig. UG29.2.
126
Chapter 7
UG30 Attachment of Stiffening Rings

To insure that stiffening rings are effective, UG30 provides minimum welding requirements.
Stiffeners may be welded or brazed to the shell. The rings may be attached with continuous,
intermittent, or a combination of continuous and intermittent welds or brazes. See Figure 7.12 for
some acceptable details.
2 in. min.
2 in. min.
24t max.
2 in. min.
S
tw
tw
w
Staggered
intermittent
weld
In-line
intermittent
weld
Continuous fillet weld

one side, intermittent
other side
S < 8t external stiffeners

S < 12t internal stiffeners
stiffener
tw
tw
shell
w
(b)
(a)
(c)
tw
continuous full
penetration weld
w
(d)
(e)
Figure 7.12 Some acceptable methods of attaching stiffening rings. Fig. UG30.
Chapter 7
127
Example 7.6 Minimum Thickness of a Thick Cylinder Under External Pressure

A forged 7.5 inch inside diameter PI vessel is exposed to an external design pressure of 1,700 psi at
700F. The material is SA-182 Type F321. The unsupported length is 18 feet. Find the minimum
required thickness for the vessel.
Solution: Table 1A of Section II, Part D gives an allowable tensile stress of 13,000 psi for SA-182
Type F321 material. The applicable external pressure chart in Section II, part D is HA-2. The
solution procedure is shown in Figure 7.9.
A) Calculate Do/t and L/Do ratios.
Assume t = 1.0 inch
Do = 7.5 in. + 2 (1.0 in.)
Do = 9.5 inch
Do/t = 9.5 in./1 in.
Do/t = 9.5
L/Do = (18 ft) (12 in./ft)/9.5 in.
L/Do = 22.7
Do/t is less than 10 but greater than 4. Therefore, use the procedure outlined in Figure 7.9.
From Figure G of Section II, Part D, with Do/t = 9.5 and L/Do = 22.7, A = 0.014.
Chart HA-2 gives a factor B value of 11,800 psi for A = 0.014 and 700F.
B) Calculate Pa1 using the formula in Step 6 of Figure 7.9.
2.167
Pa1 = 11,800 psi
9.5
0.0833
Pa1 = 1,708 psi

C) Calculate Pa2 using the formula in Step 10 of Figure 7.9.
The allowable tensile stress for the material is 13,000 psi. Therefore:
S1 = 2 (13,000 psi) = 26,000 psi.
128
Chapter 7
B* is one-half the yield strength at temperature and is equal to the maximum value of B for
the material at 700F.
B* = 13,100 psi
S2 = 1.8 (13,100) psi
S2 = 23,580 psi
S is the smaller of S1 and S2 and equals 23,580 psi, therefore,
Pa2 =
2 (23,580 psi)
1
1
9.5
9
.5
Pa2 = 4,442 psi

D) The maximum allowable external pressure is the smaller of Pa1 and Pa2. Therefore, Pa for the
1 inch thick section is 1,708 psi, which is greater than the required 1,700 psi.
Example 7.7 Design of Shell and Stiffening Rings

The lower cylindrical part of the vessel shown in Figure 7.3 has a 96 inch inside diameter and Type 1
butt welds. The corrosion allowance is 0.125 inch. The design temperature is 800F and the internal
design pressure is 200 psi. The external design pressure is 15 psi. The material is SA516 Grade 70
and full radiography will be performed. The minimum unsupported length of the section L is
360 inches. Find the minimum required thickness and the maximum allowable external pressure of
the section.
Solution: The allowable stress in Part D of Section II, Table 1A, for SA516 Grade 70 at 800F is
12,000 psi. Table UW12 gives a joint efficiency of 1.0 for fully radiographed Type 1 joints.
A) Determine the thickness t required for internal pressure.
t=
PR
SE - 0.6P
t=
200 psi (96 in./2)

12,000 psi (1) 0.6 (200 psi)
t = 0.81 inch
t < R/2 and P < 0.385SE. Therefore, 0.81 inch is the minimum required thickness for internal
pressure.
Chapter 7
129
treq = t + 0.125 in.

treq = 0.81 in. + 0.125 in.
treq = 0.94 inch. Use 1 inch plate.
B) Determine the maximum allowable external pressure for the section with t = 0.81 inch and
ts = 1.0 inch.
Calculate ratios L/Do and Do/t where Do is the outside diameter and t is 0.81 inch.
Do = 96 in. + 2 x ts
Do = 96 in. + 2 (1 in.) = 98.0 inch
Do/t = 98.0 in./0.81 in.
Do/t = 121.0. Do/t is greater than 10. Therefore, use procedure in UG28(c)(1) which is
diagrammed in Figure 7.8
L/Do = 360 in./98 in.
L/Do = 3.70
From Figure G of Section II, Part D, with L/Do and Do/t
A = 0.00026
Table 1A of Section II, Part D lists External Pressure Chart No. CS-2 for SA516 Grade 70
material. Chart CS-2 gives a B factor of 3,200 psi for A = 0.00026 at 800F.
Therefore using the formula in Step 6 of Figure 7.8:
Pa =
4 (3,200) psi
3 (121.0)
Pa = 35.3 psi
Pa is much greater than the required 15 psi. The value may be reduced by decreasing the
thickness or increasing L. The thickness is required for internal pressure. Therefore, increase
L and redo the procedure.
Assume L = 612 inches
130
Chapter 7
L/Do = 612 in./98 in.

L/Do = 6.24
A = 0.00014. A is to the left of the temperature line on Chart CS2
E = 22,800,000 psi
The allowable external pressure must be calculated using the formula in Step 7 of Figure 7.8.
Pa =
2 (0.00014) (22,800,000 psi)

3 (121.0)
Pa = 17.6 psi
Pa is greater than the required 15 psi. Therefore use the one inch shell plate and space
stiffeners at 612 inches.
C) Size the stiffening rings assuming rings act alone. Use the procedure from UG29.
Determine B. Assume a 1 x 8 inch bar of SA516 Grade 70 material.
AS = 8 in.2
LS = 612 inches
t = 0.810 inch
P = 15 psi
DO = 98 inches
(15) (98)
(0.81 + 8/612)
B = 0.75
B = 1,339 psi
B is to the left of the curve on Figure CS-2. Therefore A must be calculated using the
following equation:
A=
2B (2) (1,339 psi)

=
= 0.0001175
E
22.8 x 10 6 psi
Chapter 7
131
Determine the required moment of inertia for the stiffener.
IS =
IS =
2
D L t +
AS
A
L
14
612 in.
(98 in.)2 0.81 in. +
8 in.2
(
0.0001175)
612 in.
14
IS = 40.6 inch4
Determine the actual moment of inertia of the 1 inch x 8 inch bar.
Figure 7.13 Stiffening ring.
I=
bd3 (1 in.)(8 in.)3

=
= 42.7 inch 4
12
12
I > IS. Therefore a 1 inch x 8 inch bar may be used. Attach per Fig. UG-30.
D) Size stiffening ring assuming ring and shell act together.
Note that B does not change. Therefore calculate the required moment of inertia for the
combined section assuming a 1 inch x 8 inch bar.
IS =
2
D L t
AS
A
L
10.9
132
IS =
(98 in.)2 612 in. 0.81 in. +
Chapter 7
8 in.2
(0.0001175 )
612 in.
10.9
IS = 52.15 inch4
Allowed length of shell contribution is 1.1 (Dt) or 9.8 inches. I for the 1 inch x 8 inch
combination section is 120.4 in.4, which is much larger than required Is. Therefore, assume a
1 inch x 6 inch ring. The IS for the 6 inch ring combination is 51.94 in.4. The centroid of the
composite section (Figure 7.14) consisting of 6 inch ring and shell is 1.871 inches from the ID
of the shell.
Figure 7.14 6 inch Stiffening ring and portion of shell.

Calculate the actual moment of inertia of the combined 6 inch ring and shell combination.
I = (1 in.) (6 in.)3
1
+ (9.80 in.) (0.81 in.) (1.466 in.)2 + (6 in.) (1 in.) (1.939 in.)2
12
I = 57.62 inch4
I > IS therefore, use a 6 inch x 1 inch ring. Attach per Fig. UG30.
Note that a smaller ring is required in part D. If the stiffeners are designed as a combination ring
and shell section, then paragraph UG29 does not contain additional requirements other than
calculating the moment of inertia of the combined section. The material savings will often outweight
the additional design cost.

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122

Cylindrical and Spherical Parts Subjected to Internal and External Pressure

(0.125) (0.25 in.)

From Figure CS2, B = 7,500 psi. Therefore:

7,500 psi (0.25 in.)