SPICECHART:

Sdevelopmentandtransformationofsocialstructures
Pstatebuilding,expansion,conflict
Iinteractionbetweenhumansandenvironment
Carchitecture,clothing,developmentandinteractionofcultures
Ecreation,expansionandinteractionofeconomicsystems

India
IndusRiverValley
Coreciv
HarappaandMohenjoDara
Sewagesystem
Cityplanning
Centralizedgovernment
Writingnotdeciphered
Transregionaltradew/Mesopotamia
VedicAge
Aryans
Gangesriver
WriteVedaswhichwillbeasacredtextforHindus
Maurya/Gupta
Ashokaviolenceisbad(BattleofKalinga)convertstoBuddhism
EdictspromotingtolerancearoundAshokaskingdom
Goldenageliterature
DifficulttounifyIndiab/csodiverse,IndianOceanTrade=mostlycitystates
Mughals
Islamic
Gunpowderempire
TajMahal
AkbartheGreat
Tolerance
Hindusingovernment
Aurangzeb
PersecuteHindus
BritishEastIndiaCompany
formedtopursuetradewiththeEastIndiesbutendeduptradingmainlywiththeIndian
subcontinentandQingChina
SepoyRebellion
IndiansoldiersinBritisharmyrevoltb/cofgunsituation
Britain

GovernmentrunsIndia,doesntletBritishEastIndiaCompanygovern
Opiumgrowingit
12millionindiansfightinBritishinarmyinWWI(promisedfreedoms,butnotgivenany
boycottsaltthroughtheIndianNationalCongress)
IndianNationalCongress=elitesuntiltheAmritsarmassacre(peaceriotheld
turnedintomassacreandBritishofficerfiredatpeople)
AftermassacremanyIndiansinINCwereledbyGandhiahimsa
ambiance(basicallynonviolence)
MuslimLeagueMuhammadALiJinnah
FightforMusliminterest
Independence1948
PakistanandIndia
Migration
HindusIndia
MuslimsPakistan
20million
12milliondie
1971EastPakistan=Bangladesh
Microloans
Worldslargestdemocracy

Turkey

OttomanEmpirefellafterWWI,TurkeyledbyAtaturk
Westernizeandmodernize
Dresswestern
Womengetmorerights
Secularlawcode(noShariaIslamiclaw=statelaw)
Latinbasedalphabet

Iran/Persia

UsedtobePersia
Absolutemonarchs
Zoroastrianism
Satraps
GrecoPersianWars
Royalroad
ConqueredbyAlexandertheGreat
Abbasid
MovedcapitaleastwardtoBaghdad,closertoPersiab/cPersiansaremorein
culture
MongolsconquerAbbasids

Allowsmixingofcultures,tolerant
Shia
Safavid
Gunpowderempire
Shia
Fightw/Ottoman
Shah1900ish
Foreigninvestment
WesternizationandtiestoUSA
AyatollahKhomeini
Doesntwanttobeseculargoesbacktosharia
Womenmaintainrighttovote/school
IslamicRepublic
3DynastiesinPersia

Byzantine

PostClassical476CE1500ish
MaintainedRomantradition
Capital:Constantinople
Cosmopolitan
HagiaSophia
Stateappointedeverythingtothechurch
Caesaropapism
emperor:bothcaesarandpope,controlschurchandstate
OrthodoxChristian
SpreadcultureandwrittenlanguagetoRussia

China
Shang
Coreciv
1stwave
Yellowriver
Oraclebonescript
Zhou
Coreciv
Firstwave
Feudalism
Mandateofheaven/sonofheaven
CHAOS
Qin(Classical)

Legalism(harshpunishments,peoplelazy,cantrunselves)
QinShihuangdi
UnitedChina

Greatwall
Mausoleum
Terracotta
BurnsConfucianbooks
End=peasantrevoltsb/cforcedlabor,revoltsbyelitesb/cforcedtoreadLegalism
insteadofConfucianism
Han(classical)
Confucianism
Filialpiety
Civilserviceexams
governmentjobs
Bureaucracy
educationandpersonalmeritwasthewaytosucceed
Personalmeritoverinheritingposition
GoldenAge
Newtechnology:penandpaper,rudder,compass
PplConfucianisday,Daoistatnight/home
Stronglaws=strongmen
Empire=allunderheaven(centeroftheuniverse)
200BCE200CE
Silkroadexportsilk,porcelain,gunpowder
Fall:external
Diseasefromsilkroad
Outsideinvaders(Xiongnu)
Fall:internal
Peasantrebellions(yellowturban)
Toobigtosupport
BanZhouwomenshouldbeeducatedonhowtobeagoodwife,submissive
CHAOS
Sui(postclassical)
GrandCanalconnectedagriculturalgrowingregionofnorthw/metropoliscitiesof
south(reunitedChina)
Tang(postclassical)
Pop.increase
ChamparicefromVietnam
Hugeterritory
Buddhism
WomenhigherstatusthanSong
Largebureaucracy

Tributesystemenrollnearbycountries
Gavethemtherighttotradew/China
EmpressWupromotedBuddhism,longmenBuddhas
Song(postclassical)
NeoConfucianism
Footbinding
Unnecessarilylargegovernment
Statusofwomenlow
declines
BecomessouthernSongDynastyrumpstate
YuanMongols(postclassical)
KublaiKhan
ChineseandMongolpopulationsstayseparateculturallyandethnically
MarcoPolo(Venetian,writesabouthowcoolChinaisand,beingChristian,hesmaking
funofthemtoo)
Ming(earlymodern)(14501750)
ZhengHe
1450
Explore
Giantships,biggerfleet
Nocolonization
Enrollpeopleintributesystem
ChinastopsexplorationprogramtofocusonChina
BuildGreatWallthatweseetoday
TriestoeraseMongollegacy
RebuildChinesepublicworksprojects
Qing(17501900)
Falls1911
LedbyManchurianpeople
CulturallyChinesebutfromdifferentethnicgroups
Opium(grownbyIndia,runbyBritain,soldbyChina)
Opiumwars(Chinalost,openedportstoBritain,andsurrenderedterritories)
SphereofinfluenceinChina:Britain,Japan,russia,France,Germany
Taipingrebellionmillenarianmovementwantsradicalchange
StopConfucianism
InfluencedbyaversionofChristianity
CrushedbyChinesegovernmentwhoissupportedbyWest
BoxerRebellion
Organizedinresponsetogovernmentdefeats
Againstforeigndevils(everyoneQingDynastyandimperialpowers)
Republic(1900present)
Peoplevote
Governmentcorrupt

 Peasantsovertaxed
Powerslightlydecentralized
Guomindangnationalistparty
ShangKaiShek
powerliesinsouthfightingcivilwarwithcommunistsinnorthwholetime
MaoZeDong(1940ish)
Leadscommunists
FightsJapanesewhotookoverChinain1930s
Redistributedlandtopeasants
Stoppedharshtaxsystem
Baseofsupporters=ruralpeasants
TiananmenSquare
Today
Communist
Freetrade

Greece
citystates
Mountainousterrain
Onlyproducedluxurygoodsbecausearablelandwaslimited
Athens
DelianLeague(peloponnesianwars)
Democracy
Sparta
2languages
Militarycouncilofelders
Peloponnesianleague
Womenbetter
Militarytraining
Prisonersofwarasslaveseconomydependentonslaves=POWs
Socrates/Plato/Aristotle
Humanreasoningquestioneverything
AfterGrecoPersianwars
Plato=up,Aristotle=down
Socrates=500BCEish
AlexandertheGreat
TaughtbyAristotle
Macedonian,Greekculture
SonofPhilip
FirsttoreunitePersia
Createsmassiveempire
SpreadsHellenisticculture

CulturalsyncretismGreektraditionmixedw/localcultures

Rome
S

Patriarchy
PatriciansandPlebeians
Definitionofcitizenexpandsovertimetoincludemorepeople
Overofpop.=slaves
Manumissioncommon=freeingofslaves
Slaverynottiedtorace
Manyjobs
Republic
Senateincharge
Empire
EmperorAugustus
Defensivehowtheyexpanded
Accidentalconquerors
OccupiedalmostallofMediterraneanbasin
Empirebuilding=100sofyrs.
Goodroad
Goodlaws
Empire=wholeworld
Fall:internal
Toobigtohandle
Onlyfellinwest
Rapidturnoverofpower
Fall:external
GermanictribesinvadeafterpressurefromHuns
Diseasedonsilkroad
Tradearoundmediterraneansea
Polytheistic
Allowconqueredregionstokeepownreligion
SilkRoad
PaxRomana=0200CE(RomanPeace)

Religions
Zoroastrianism
Monotheistic
AhuraMazda
InfluencedJudaism,Christianity,Islam
Goodv.evil
Heavenv.hell
PersiaAchaemenidDynasty
Founder=Zoroaster(628BC)
SametimeasConfucius
Judaism
CovenantwithGod
Chosenpeople
Holyland
Monotheistic
Founder=Abraham
Religiousandethnicgroup
Notmissionary(didnttrytoconvertpeople)
Torah
Takesalongtimeforthereligiontocompletelysolidify
Christianity
Monotheistic
Bible=sacredtext
Founder=JesusandSt.PaulofTarsus
St.PaulmadeitnotasectofJudaism
Spreaditanddefinedit
Missionaryfaith
Jesus=Messiah
Monastery
Gavewomenoptionofconvent
CopticChristians=Africa(Sudan/Ethiopia)
Notmarriedpriests
Emergedseparatethanstate
EventuallybecomesstatereligionofRome
GreatSchismof1054creatingOrthodoxChristianity(vernacular)
WantedthePrieststobeabletomarry
Differenttraditions
Caesaropapism
ProtestantReformation
MartinLuther
95Theses

1517

Hinduism
Noleader
Noclearstartdateemergedovercenturies
Nosinglesacredtext,noonewaytodoHinduism,addstothefactwhyIndiaisso
diverse
VedasandUpanishads
Polytheistic
Castesystem
Socialstructure
Nosocialmobility,rigidsocialstructure
Brahminshighestcaste,onlycastethatcanreachmokshainthislife,must
retainritualpurity(cantbearounduntouchables)
Buddhism
SiddharthaGautama=Buddha
Anyonecanreachnirvana
4nobletruths
8foldpath
Reincarnation
Kharma
Dharma
Nocastesystem
Appealstolowerclassandwomen
Twotypes
Spreadalongsilkroad
Offerswomenoptionofmonastery
Confucianism
Filialpiety
5relationships
Superiorandinferiorroleineachrelationships
500BCE
Analects
Philosophynotreligionb/cnoafterlife/greaterpower
Chinese
Civilserviceexam
Daoism
Laozi
Selfanalysis
Dao=theway
Becomeonew/theway
Meditateinnature
500BCE
Islam

Missionary
Muhammed
political/military/religiousleader
Quran
632CE
Hijrafleesmeccatomedina
Alihelped
5pillars
TakesoverallofArabianpeninsulabydeath
RightlyGuidedCaliphs
AbuBakr

Uthman
Ali
Sunni/Shiasplit
Sunnirightlyguidedcaliphssetgoodexample,ulamacanpickcaliph
ShialeadersmustbedescendentfromAli
Umayyad
Sunni
Capital=Damascus
ExpandedempirearoundMediterranean,stoppedatSpain
JizyataxonnonMuslims,betterthantaxonByzantine
Abbasid
ShiaandPersiansinpower
Movecapitaleast,capital=Baghdad
Advancements:medicine,preservationofGreek/Romantexts,sciences,math
(algebra/geometry),hospitals(dividedbetweensickandhurt),
universities/schools

Africa
OutofAfricaTheory(200,000yearsago)
Egypt
Hieroglyphics
Geographicallyprotectedbecauseofthedesertsandcataracts
Nilefloodedregularly
Afterlife=good
Friendlygods
Optimistic
TransregionaltradewithNubia
Pyramids
builtbyfarmersintheiroffseason
Paidforbytheelite

 Builttoshowwealth
Nubia/Kush/Meroe
TradealotofculturalthingswithEgypt
Axum
PresentdayEthiopia
Christian
AftertradebecomesmorepopularinotherpartsofAfrica,losespower
BantuMigrations
3000BCE100CE
Nomads
MoreSE
Spreadculture(language:Swahili)
Spreadagriculture
Spreadironworking
Grassland(WestAfrica)
Ghana300600,Mali6001000,Songhay10001200?
Salt
Syncretism
localtraditionsandIslam
MansaMusahajj
IbnBattutaArab
Criticalofsyncretism
Travelstograsslandsandeastafricancoast
MosqueatDjenne(Timbuktu)**associatewithSyncretism**
Education
Library
Centerforcommerce
EastAfrica
Tradingcitystates
Islam
Indianoceantrade
ExportsIvoryinbulk
Staplecrops
SpreadIslam
Persontopersonratherthanempiretoempire
Goodschangedhandsless,sothevaluewentdown
Citiesdeclinein1500whenmajortraderoutesshifttoAtlantic
Slavetrade
Imperialism
Socialdarwinismracialviews,superiorraces(Europeans)believedtheyweresuperior
nationsandeveryoneelsewasinferior
1800s
EuropeanscolonizeAfricawantrawgoodsandmarkettoselltheirmanufacturedgoods

BerlinConferenceScrambleforAfrica
MadecolonieswithnoregardforAfricanethnic,cultural,orreligiousgroups
Decolonization
AfterWWII(1950s)
Nowars
PeacefulindependenceunlesslargepopulationofEuropeanslivingthere(i.e.Algeria)
AfricaToday
Stillwarsbecausebordersaremessedup
Receivebigmonetarychunks(WorldBankandIMF)butthefundsdontmakeittothe
peoplewhoreallyneedit
Nonationalidentity
Microloansfixpeopleatthebottomthengoup(grassroots)
SouthAfrica
Gainedindependencein1910
Apartheidwhitepopulation(minority)runninggovernment
Apartheidlawsaremeanttosegregatebyrace
ANC(AfricanNationalCongress)petitionsagainstthis
SharpevilleprotestANCoutlawed
NelsonMandela(leaderofANC)
Arrested30years1990freed
1994firstblackandwhiteelectionelectMandela
ManycountriesboycottSouthAfricauntilstopApartheid

ProtestantReformation

MartinLuther1517
Churchsellingindulgences/corrupt
Lutheranism,Calvinism,Methodism
Priestsmarry
Salvationthroughfaithalone
Nopope
HolyRomanEmpire
30yrsWar
Catholicsv.Protestants
EachGermanstatepicksownreligion

SouthAmerica
Chavncorecivilization
Peru
Culturalhorizon
TimeofMayans
ChavindeHuantar(onlycity)
Shamantraining

 Tunnelsystemundercitiestodebrainwashpeople
Animism
Gold
llamas
Musthaveaccesstoallaltitudesofmountainb/cliveinandesandcropsgrowat
differentaltitudes
NorthSouthorientationofAmericasmeansnotominimaltransregionaltrade
Nowritingusequipu
Inca
Trade=staterun
Sunfarms
BiggestempireinAmericas
Fallconquistadors,Pizarro
MachuPicchuonlyhiddenthingsthatSpanishcouldntfindwererecovered

MesoAmerica
Olmeccorecivilization
Laterthanothercorecivsandnotonariver
Corn=maise
Nowheel
Nodomesticatedanimals
Nometallurgy(hadgold,butitwastoosofttouse)
Writing(wedontknowwhatitwas)
Monumentalarchitecture=stoneheads
Calendar
Shamans
Animism
Mayans
bloodletting/autosacrifice
Accurate360daycalendar
Conceptofzero
Fightingcitystates
Patriarchy,womenwerebestoffhere
Pyramids
Ballgame
Tradebtwncitystates
Fall300900BCE
Teotihuacan
Mexicocity
Onlytheirarchitectureisleft
NobodylivingtherewhentheSpanishcame,whichweknowbecauseitsstillthere
today

Aztecs
Humansacrifice
Flowerwars
Takenoverbyconquistadors
Educationforall
Goodarchitecture
Plumbing/runningwater/aqueducts
Goodhygiene
Verycivilized
Fall:
1520
Conquistadorstookover
Cortes,Montezuma,LaMalinche
SYNCRETISM

Enlightenment
JohnLocke
Pplbornw/naturalrightslife,liberty,property
Joboggovernmentistoprotectourindividualrights
Voltaire
Freedomofspeech,religion,press
Noslavetrade
Religionoutofgovernment
Montesquieu
3branchesofgovernment
Checksandbalances
AdamSmith
Wealthofnations
Laissezfaire
Freemarket
MaryWollstonecraft
Womenshouldbeeducatedandincludedinsocialdiscussion
RevolutionsAffected
American
1776
Politicalonly
PoliticalindependencefromBritainbecauseBritainstartedtryingtoregulate
them
HadbeenselfgoverningSugarActStampAct
EnlightenmentideasinnewgovernmentDeclarationofIndependence
French
Socialrevolution

Ancienregime
3estates
Only3rdestatetaxed
LouisXVIandMarieAntoinetteoverspending
Breadwars
Estatesgeneralcalvies
NationalAssembly
3rdestateTennisCourtOath
DeclarationofRightsofMen
FrenchRev
Rubispierre
CommitteeofPublicSafety
17,000richguillotine
Kingandqueenbeheaded
ReignofTerror
Napoleoncomestorescue
TriestocreateFrenchEmpireinWestEurope
Spreadenlightenmentideas
Napoleoniccode
Freedomofreligion
Haitian
Politicalandsocial
Onlycompletelysuccessfulslaverevoltinhumanhistory
Slavesfreed
Freefromfrance
Somelandredistributioneachpersonhadthesamesmallsizefarm
SpanishSouthAmerica
SimonBolivarJamaicaletter
Enlightenmentideas(governmentrepresentsthepeople)
Wantedunitedspanishsouthamericabutknewitcouldnthappen
JoseSanMartinfreespanishsouthamerica
Brazil
Peaceful,bloodless
ExchangedPortuguesekingforhissonDomPedro
Politicalonly
Mexico(first)
HidalgoandMorelos
Politicalonly,creolesdidntwantasocialone
Mexico(second)
19101920civilwar
Manyfaction
Landredistribution

Migrations
1800stoUSA
ChinesepeasantsgoingtoWestcoast
IrishpotatofarmersgoingtoEastcoast(factories)
OutofAfrica
200,000YA
AllhumansstartinAfricaAsiaEuropeAustraliaAmericas
Bantu
NWSEAfrica
Culture(BantuSwahili)
Ironworkers
Agriculture
1940
IndiagetsindependencefromBritain
Partition
cultural/religiouslines:
MuslimsPakistan
HindusIndia
20millionmove
12milliondie
SlaveTrade
ForcedmigrationofAfricansAmericas
JewstoPalestine(Israel)afterWWII

Economics

SilkRoad
Classic(HanandRome)andPostClassic(Mongols)
Luxurygoods
Changehandsfrequently
Merchantsneedprotection
Travelincaravans
Buddhistmonasteries
SpreadcultureincludingBuddhism
Spreaddisease
Chinaexportsporcelain,silk,pen,paper,moveabletypeprint
Indianexportsspices,cotton,textiles
WesternEuropeexportsglass,goldcoins,oliveoil
IndianOceanTrade
Luxuryandbulk/stapleships
Monsoonwinds
Islam

Citystatesemergearoundtrade
Declinewhentradedeclines
Goodschangehandslessfrequently
Sometimessoldcheaper
ColumbianExchange
FromnewworldAmericas
Potatoes,corn,tomatoes,chilis,cacao
Syphilis
FromoldworldAmericas
Sugar,horses,pigs,cows,goats,sheep,wheat,barley,Christianity,
disease(smallpox),people(Africans)
WesternEuropeeconomicpolicy=mercantilismwanttoexportasmuch
aspossiblew/oimportinganythingfromoutsidetheempire
Dependentnations(intheAmericas)growcashcrops/rawgoods
SUGARismajorinAmericas
Europeanshadsuperiorweaponsbettermetaltomakeit
Hadsurplusoffoodb/ctheyhaddraftanimals(animalsthatcan
pullplow),allowedtimeforpeopletospecialize
b/cofColumbianExchangethereissyncretism
95%ofindigenousAmericansdiefromdisease,popofsubSaharan
Africadecreaseb/cofslavetrade

GunpowderEmpires
Ottomans
Turkish
Sunni
Janissarieselitestandingarmies
RecruitdevshirmefromconqueredterritoriesyoungChristianboys
TerrorofTurkuntilSiegeofViennaW.Europe
SickManofEurope
RakeoverBYzantinesin1453EndofWWI1919
Safavid
Shia
Persia
Ottoman
Mughals
Turkish
Islamic
MajorityHinduandIndian
AurangzebpersecutedHindus
AshokatheGreat

Tajmahal

Japan
PostClassical
Feudalpowerisdecentralizedandinthehandsofnobles/landowners
SameasW.Europe
Daimyo
Samurai
CodeofBushido
Emperorpowerdecrease
Seppukudaimyokillthemselvestopreservefamilyname,honor(seemsabit
tooharshbutheywhoamItoojudge)
Shinto=religion,ancestorworshipping
HeianEra
TaleofGenji
PillowBowl(firstnovel)
TokugawaShogunate
Tryandcentralizepowerinmilitaryleaders
FalllosepowerbecauseportsopentoUSA(MatthewPerry)
MajiRestoration
Modernize,westernize,industrialize
Preserveenvironment
Veryquick
ImperialisminAsia
ChinaandSoutheastAsia
PearlHarbor
Atomicbombing