Wind

VIII.
WIND LOADING DESIGN

Data ;
Nominal vessel diameter, D
Height of roof (F&D type head), HD

Hydrostatic height of tank, H
Height of shell tank, Hs
Height at operating condition, Ho
Socket roof height, SF
Hydrostatic height of first shell, H1
Hydrostatic height of second shell, H2
Hydrostatic height of third shell, H3
Total height of tank, HT
Thickness of first shell wall, t1
Thickness of second shell wall, t2
Thickness of third shell wall, t3
Thickness of roof (F&D type), tr
Thickness of bottom flat, tb
Density of liquid, g
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
Density of water, g1
Outside diameter of first shell, D1

Outside diameter of second shell, D2
Outside diameter of third shell, D3
Outside diameter of cyl. roof, D4
Density of FRP, r
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
Inside diameter, Di
Vessel height, H
Design factor, F
Wind velocity, V
Wind pressure on shell projected area, Gr or Gs
Weigth of first shell wall, w1
Weigth of second shell wall, w2
Weigth of third shell wall, w3
Weigth of torispherical roof (F & D head), w4
Weigth of flat bottom, w5
Live load on roof, w
Uniform live load on roof, Wu
First shell analysis ;
Wind load, U ;
Projected area of shell, As
90.55
7.55
90.55
181.10
15.09
26.00
193.10
181.10
181.10
1.57
181.10
120.73
60.37
207.10
0.354
0.315
0.236
0.433
0.374
0.036
0.036 lb/in
91.26
91.18
91.02
91.02
0.065
10
74.56
0.11
397.07
352.80
264.37
673.35
156.56
250.00
1341.32
=
=
=
Di H1
Wind load on first shell, Us
=
=
=
Gs As
0.11 x
113.88
13.01 lb
Projected area of roof, Ar
=
=
=
0.1255 Di + SF. Di
0.1255 x
7.55
8.14 ft
=
=
=
Gr Ar
0.11 x 8.14
0.93 lb
Wind load on roof, Ur
7.55 x
113.88 ft
Bending moment at the base of the vessel, Mw ;

Mw = Us 0.5 H1 + Ur (H1 + SF + 0.1Di)
=
13.01 x 0.5 x
15.09
+ 0.93
=
113.04 ft-lb
=
1356.44 in-lb
Total lateral force, W ;
W = US + Ur
=
13.01 +
=
13.94 lb
in
ft
in
in
ft
in =
2.17 ft
in
in
in
in = 0.1312 ft
in =
15.09 ft
in =
10.06 ft
in =
5.03 ft
in
in
in
in
in
in
lb/in
in
in
in
in
lb/in
mph
psi
lb
lb
lb
lb
lb
lb
lb
15.09
x ( 15.1 +
0.13123
x 7.55
0.1312 + 0.1 x
8)
0.93
20 of 35
Total shell weight
fa
=
=
=
=
=
W1 + W2 + W3 + W4 + W5 + Wu
397.07 +
352.80
+
3185.46 lb
-3185.46 / (3.1416 x
-31.60 psi
264.37
90.55
673.35
0.354
156.56
+ 1341.32
Axial stress on the down wind side of the base resulting from the wind moment, fb ;
fb
= -Mw C/I
C
=
=
0.5 x (
45.63 in
90.55
= 3.141 x (D14-D4) / 64
= 3.14 (
=
fb
=
=
Total axial stress
91.26
4
104531.20 in
-1356.44
-0.59 psi
=
=
=
+ 2 x
45.63
) / 64
104531.2
fa + fb
-31.6 + -0.59
-32.2 psi
Allowable stress for first shell, S
=
=
90.55
Ultimate tensile strength for first shell, Su

F
=
10 / 1.2
= 8.33
fv
0.354
=
=
=
13.94 / (3.14 x
0.14 psi
91
24054.04 psi
Su / F
24054.04
/
2886.49 psi
x
8.33
0.35 )
Since fv < 200 psi, the criterion for type II laminates stated in para. NM3-310 applies.
[fa + fb] =
32.19 psi
<
2886.49 psi
Design is acceptable for wind load on the empty tank, as far as strength is concerned
Critical buckling stress for uniformly distributed axial compression, fcra ;
E
= Axial tensile modulus
=
1603602.96 psi
fcra
= 0.3 Et1/ R
= 0.3 x
1603603
=
3765.0 psi
0.354
45.28
Critical stress for buckling from bending under the wind moment, fcrb ;
fcrb = 1.3 fcra
= 1.3 x
3764.98
=
4894.5 psi
For shear, the critical buckling stress for walled tube of circular cross section, fcrv ;
fcrv
= 0.695 E (t1/R)1.25 (R/H1)0.5

= 0.695 x
1603603
= 1297.13 psi
x (
0.354
1.25
x(
45 )
45
The buckling interaction equation from para NM3-310 ;

[fa F/fcra] + [fb F/fcrb] + (fv F/fcrv) < 1
31.60 x 5 /
3764.98
+
0.59
x5/
4894.48 + (
0.14
which show that the empty tank will not fail by buckling under design wind load
Second shell analysis ;

Wind load, U ;
=
=
=
0.5
## )
x 5/ 1297.13 ) = 0.04 < 1 ok
Di H2
7.55 x
75.92 ft
10.06
21 of 35
Wind load on second shell, Us
=
=
=
Gs As
0.11 x
75.92
8.67 lb
=
=
=
0.1255 Di + SF. Di
0.1255 x
7.55
8.14 ft
=
=
=
Gr Ar
0.11 x 8.14
0.93 lb
Bending moment at the top of section I of the vessel, Mw ;

Mw = Us 0.5 H2+ Ur (H2 + SF + 0.1Di)
=
8.67
x 0.5 x
10.06
+
0.93
=
53.81 ft-lb
=
645.76 in-lb
W = US + Ur
=
8.67 +
=
9.60 lb
Shell weight
fa
=
=
=
x(
10.06
x 7.55
0.1312
+ 0.1 x
7.55
0.93
W2 + W3 + W4 + W5 + Wu
352.80 +
264.37
2788.39 lb
=
=
0.13123
-2788.39 /(3.14 x
-31.12 psi
90.55
673.35 +
0.315
156.56 + 1341.32
fb
= -Mw C/I
C
=
=
0.5 x
45.59 in
= 3.141 x (D24-D4) / 64
= 3.14 (
=
fb
=
=
Total axial stress
91 +2 x
91.18
4
92795.65 in
-646 x
-0.32 psi
=
=
=
45.59
0.315
4
91 ) / 64
fa + fb
-31.1 + -0.3
-31.4 psi
Ultimate tensile strength for second shell, Su =

F
=
10 / 1.2
= 8.33
Allowable stress for second shell, S
fv
=
=
92795.7
9.60 / (3.14 x
0.11 psi
91
20678.68 psi
=
=
=
Su / F
20678.68 /
2481.44 psi
0.31 )
8.33
[fa + fb] =
31.44 psi <
2481.44 psi
Critical buckling stress for uniformly distributed axial compression, f cra ;

E
=
1378578.39 psi
fcra
= 0.3 Et2 / R
22 of 35
=
=
0.3 x
2877.0 psi
1378578
0.315
45.28
fcrb = 1.3 fcra
=
1.3 x 2877.03
=
3740.1 psi
fcrv
= 0.695 E (t2/R)1.25 (R/H2)0.5

= 0.695 x
1378578
= 1178.75 psi
x(
0.315
45.28
)1.25 x (
45.28

31.12 x 5 /
2877.03
+
0.32
x5/
3740.14 + (
0.11
Third shell analysis ;
Wind load, U ;
=
=
=
Di H3
Wind load on third shell, Us
=
=
=
Gs As
0.11 x
37.96
4.34 lb
=
=
=
0.1255 Di + SF. Di
0.1255 x
7.55
8.14 ft
=
=
=
Gr Ar
0.11 x 8.14
0.93 lb
7.55 x
37.96 ft
Bending moment at the top of section II of the vessel, Mw ;

Mw = Us 0.5 H3+ Ur (H3 + SF + 0.1Di)
=
4.34 x 0.5 x
5.03
+ 0.93
=
16.41 ft-lb =
196.91 in-lb
W = US + Ur
=
4.34 +
=
5.27 lb
Shell weight
fa
=
=
=
x 5/ 1178.75 ) = 0.05 < 1
5.03
x ( 5.0
0.13123
x 7.55
0.1312 + 0.1 x
0.93
W3 + W4 + W5 + Wu
264.37 +
2279.03 lb
=
=
0.5
120.73 )
0.00
-2279.03 / (3.1416 x
-33.91 psi
90.55
673.35
+ 1341.32
0.236
fb
= -Mw C/I
C
=
=
0.5
= 3.141 x (D34-D4) / 64
= 3.141(
fb
x
90.55
45.51 in
91.0
69415.61 in
=
=
-16.41
0.0 psi
Total axial stress
=
=
+ 2 x
91
0.236
) / 64
45.51
69415.6
fa + fb
-33.9 + -0.01
23 of 35
-33.9 psi
Ultimate tensile strength for third shell, Su

F
=
10 / 1.2 =
8.33
Allowable stress for third shell, S
fv
=
=
=
=
=
5.27 / (3.1416 x
0.08 psi
20797 psi
Su / F
20797
/
2495.60 psi
90.55
8.33
0.236
[fa + fb]
=
33.93 psi <
2495.60 psi
Critical buckling stress for uniformly distributed axial compression, f cra ;
E
=
1386444.45 psi
fcra
= 0.3 Et3 / R
= 0.3 x
1386444
=
2170.09 psi
0.236
45.27559
fcrb = 1.3 fcra
= 1.3 x
2170.09
=
2821.11 psi
fcrv
= 0.695 E (t3/R)1.25 (R/H3)0.5

= 0.695 x
= 1170.13 psi
1386444
x(
0.236
)1.25 x (
45.28

33.91 x 5 /
2170.09
+
0.010759 x 5 /
2821.11 + (
0.08
Flat head roof analysis ;

Wind load, U ;
=
=
=
0.1255 Di + SF. Di
0.1255 x
7.55
8.14 ft
=
=
=
Gr Ar
0.11 x 8.14
0.93 lb
Bending moment at the top of section IV of the vessel, Mw ;

Mw = Ur (H4 + SF + 0.1Di)
=
0.93 x ( 0.00 +
0.13 + 0.1 x
=
0.82 ft-lb =
9.88 in-lb
0.1312
45.28
60.37
)0.5
x 5/ 1170.13 ) = 0.08 < 1
x 7.55
8)

W = Ur
=
0.93 lb
Roof weight
fa
=
=
=
=
=
W5 + Wu
673.35
+
2014.67 lb
1341.3
-2014.67 / (3.1416 x
-16.35 psi
90.55
0.433
fb
= -Mw C/I
24 of 35
=
=
0.5 x
45.71 in
= 3.14 x (D44-D4) / 64
= 3.14 (
fb
91.0
69415.6
=
=
-0.82 x
-0.001 psi
Total axial stress
=
=
=
91 +2 x
in
0.433
45.71
fa + fb
-16.353 +
-16.354 psi
fv
=
=
) / 64
69416
-0.001
Ultimate tensile strength for roof, Su =

F
=
10 / 1.2
= 8.33
Allowable stress for roof, S
90.55
4
24404 psi
= Su / F
=
24404.4 / 8.33
=
2928.53 psi
0.93 /(3.1416 x
0.01 psi
90.55
0.433
[fa + fb] =
16.35 psi <
2928.53 psi
Critical buckling stress for uniformly distributed axial compression, fcra ;
E
=
1626963 psi
fcra
= 0.3 Etr / R
= 0.3 x
1626963
=
4668.68 psi
0.433
45.27559
fcrb = 1.3 fcra
=
1.3 x 4668.68
=
6069.28 psi
fcrv
= 0.695 E (tr/R)1.25 (R/HD)0.5

= 0.695 x
1626963
=
4463.51 psi
x(
0.433
45.28
)1.25 x (

16.35 x 5 /
4668.68
+
0.000542 x 5/
6069.28 + (
0.01
45.28
26.00
)0.5
x 5/ 4463.51 ) = 0.02 < 1
25 of 35

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VIII.

WIND LOADING DESIGN

Height of roof (F&D type head), HD

Outside diameter of first shell, D1

Wind load on first shell, Us

Projected area of roof, Ar

Wind load on roof, Ur

Bending moment at the base of the vessel, Mw ;

Total shell weight

Total axial stress

Allowable stress for first shell, S

Ultimate tensile strength for first shell, Su

= 0.695 E (t1/R)1.25 (R/H1)0.5

The buckling interaction equation from para NM3-310 ;

Second shell analysis ;

x 5/ 1297.13 ) = 0.04 < 1 ok

Wind load on second shell, Us

Projected area of roof, Ar

Wind load on roof, Ur

Bending moment at the top of section I of the vessel, Mw ;

Total axial stress

Ultimate tensile strength for second shell, Su =

Critical buckling stress for uniformly distributed axial compression, f cra ;

= 0.695 E (t2/R)1.25 (R/H2)0.5

The buckling interaction equation from para NM3-310 ;

Wind load on third shell, Us

Projected area of roof, Ar

Wind load on roof, Ur

Bending moment at the top of section II of the vessel, Mw ;

x 5/ 1178.75 ) = 0.05 < 1

Total axial stress

Ultimate tensile strength for third shell, Su

= 0.695 E (t3/R)1.25 (R/H3)0.5

The buckling interaction equation from para NM3-310 ;

Flat head roof analysis ;

Wind load on roof, Ur

Bending moment at the top of section IV of the vessel, Mw ;

x 5/ 1170.13 ) = 0.08 < 1

Total lateral force, W ;

Total axial stress

Ultimate tensile strength for roof, Su =

= 0.695 E (tr/R)1.25 (R/HD)0.5

The buckling interaction equation from para NM3-310 ;

x 5/ 4463.51 ) = 0.02 < 1

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