PRAGYAN COLLEGE OF NURSING

BHOPAL

SEMINAR ON- DISTANCE EDUCATION IN NURSING.

SUBJECT:-NURSING EDUCATION.

REMARK-

SUBMITTED TO

SUBMITTED BY

MR.MEJO PHILIP.

MR.SACHIN DWIVEDI.

ASSIST.PROFESSOR.

M.Sc NURSING 1ST YEAR

PRAGYAN COLLEGE OF
NURSING BHOPAL.

DATE OF SUBMISSION:-22-02-16

INDEX
S.N

CONTENT

PAGES

INTRODUCTION

KEY WORDS

1-2

DEFINITION, NATURE AND SCOPE.

PHILOSHPHY, OBJECTIVES & CHARACTERISTICS

MERITS & DEMERITS

3-4

ELEMENTS

APPROACHES

4-5

TYPES OF INSTRUCTIONAL SYSTEM

5-8

DELIVERY MODES & KEY PLAYERS IN DISTANCE EDUCATION

8-10

10

TRENDS OF DISTANCE EDUCATION IN INDIA

10-11

11

UNIVERSITIES AND COURSE AND PROCESS FOR DISTANCE

11-13

12

EDUCATION COURSES.
CHALLENGES AND ISSUES

12-13

13

ROLES AND ADVANTAGES OF DISTANCE EDUCATION IN NURSING.

14-15

14

ROLE OF NURSE

15

15

THEORY/MODEL APPLICATION & RELATED RESEARCH

16-17

16

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION & REFERENCE

17-18

INTRODUCTION:-

As a result of technological advances, distance education for nurses is flourishing in 21" Century.
The technological advancements refined the educational system and approaches. Distance
education act as blessing to all nurses to continue their education and update their skills in their
work setting with limited costs, which directly benefitted quality of patient care and health care
system as whole.
KEY WORDS:

ASYNCHRONOUS COMMUNICATION:- Leaving message at a specific posting site

that others in a learning environment can read at their convenience.

INTERNET:-A global network connects millions of computers.

SYNCHRONOUS:-Having a discussion by typing instead of talking.

VIDEO TECHNOLOGY:-Involves the use of satellites (videoconferences), still images

(slides), moving images (film videotape) etc.

WEBINAR:-Video/Telephone over the internet, instructor talks to screen with a camera

on top.

VIDEOCONFERENCING:-Video and audio transmission.

AUDIO CONFERENCE; An electronic meeting in which participants in different
locations use telephones or audio conferencing equipment to interactively communicate

with each other in real time.

COMPUTER ASSISTED INSTRUCTION; Teaching process in which a computer is
utilized to enhance the learning environment by assisting students in gaining mastery

over a specific skill.

DIALOGUE; take part in a conversation or discussion
E-LEARNING; learning conducted via electronic media, typically on the Internet.
INTERACTIIVE RADIO INSTRUCTION; An interactive lesson in which an external
teaching element, delivered by a distant teacher through the medium of radio or audio

cassette, is carefully integrated with classroom teacher and learners.

INTERACTIVE VIDEO INSTRUCTION; Combination of a video disc (usually Laser
disc) or videotape and computer system that permits user response and participation,

allowing for direct exchanges between user and software or among people.
OPEN LEARNING; learning based on independent study or initiative rather than formal

classroom instruction.
TELECOMMUNICATION; The science of information transport using wire, radio,
optical, or electromagnetic channels to transmit receive signals for voice or data
communications using electrical means.

TELECONFERENCING; Two way electronic communication between two or more

groups in separate locations via audio, video, and/or computer systems.

DEFINITION:1.Distance education is defined as planned learning that occurs in different place from teaching,
requiring real time(synchronous) or delayed (asynchronous) interactive technology and a
needing a course design supportive of students (Escoflery,Miner & Alperin 2003.)
2. Distance education is defined as any learning experience that takes place a distance away from
the parent institution(Keating SB 2006)
3. Distance education refers to the forms of study where a geographic distance between learner
and teacher exists. (Iwasiw)
4. Distance education means that the teacher and the learner are separated from one another and
also from traditional class room setting (Young)
NATURE OF DISTANCE EDUCATION:
1. In distance education, an institution teaches. The teacher prepares the learning materials
from which he himself may never teach. Another teacher may use the material and
evaluate students work.
2. The goal of linking learning materials to learning is at his centre of the organizational
structure.
3. It gives new meaning to the concept of the independence of the adult learner.
4. Management skills are essential.
5. The constant processes of writing creatively for distance students, whether alone or in a
course team framework, poses problems to staff causing depersonalization.
SCOPE OF DISTANCE EDUCATION:
Distance education is aimed at teaching, guiding and supporting the students in all
location through well designed lecture scripts supported by teachers personal contact programs,
response sheet assignment and electronic media.

PHILOSOPHY:
Distance education is based on the philosophy that, learner is the active and self directed
agent who makes choices, takes decisions, directs the process qualitatively and assumes
responsibility for all this. He is a self-monitor, self-evaluator, self-feed backer and self-improver.

It is therefore non- conventional and non- traditional teaching- learning programme, which
focuses on self-learning.
OBJECTIVES:

To provide an efficient and less expensive method of educational instruction.

To provide facilities to pursue higher education to all qualified and willing persons who
had failed to join regular university courses due to personal and economic reasons or
because of their inability to get admission to a regular college.

To provide opportunities at academic pursuits to educated citizens through

correspondence instruction without disturbing their present employment.

CHARACTERISTICS OF DISTANCE EDUCATION:1. The quasi-permanent separation of teacher and learner throughout the length at the
learning process.
2. The influence of an educational organization both in planning and preparation of
learning materials and in the provision of student support services.
3. The use of technical media, print, audio. Video or computer, to unite teachers and
learners and carry the content of the course.
4. The quasi-permanent absence of a learning group throughout the length of the learning
process so that people are usually taught as individuals and not in groups, with the
possibility of occasional meetings for socialization purposes.
5. Student centered.
6.

Indirect education.

7.

Flexible approach.

MERITS OF DISTANCE EDUCATION:1. Providing efficient training for target groups.

2.

Expanding the capacity for education in new subject and areas.

3. Developing multiple competencies through recurrent and continuing education.

4. Improving the quality of existing educational services,
5. To provide an opportunity for the empowerment of those most disadvantaged by existing
provision. The unemployed, the disabled, women and ethnic minorities,
DEMERITS OF DISTANCE EDUCATION:

The learner is usually isolated from the tutor and other students.
The distance learner has difficulties having access to learning resources.

PERSONAL ADVANTAGES TO JOIN DISTANCE EDUCATION PROGRAMMES:

You do not have to leave your job (losing a salary) in order to do your studies.
What you study could have a direct bearing on your job, and that makes the study more

meaningful and holistic.

There is no worry about failing to get a vacancy as happens in conventional schools.

Normally there is no question of classes being full in a DE institution.

It is not necessary to stick to specific hours of study.
When studying at home you get the support of family members.
Distance education fees are comparatively lower.

ELEMENTS OF DISTANCE EDUCATION SERVICE:

Sustained resources
Effective leadership
Enthusiastic and committed staff
Free flow of information
Relevance of institution to the nation
An enabling environment
Responsiveness to change
Stakeholder involvement
Networking
Skilled staff
Systems and processes for quality assurance in place
Competitiveness
Business orientation
Research orientation.

Approaches of Distance Education :1. Synchronous Approach: The participants in the same space at the same time in order to
attend to the material of teaching. All the students should assemble before the TV or
Broadcast to receive instructional material. It is more closure to traditional class room
E.g. IGNOU lecturers are delivered through TV channels like Gyan Dharsan and INC is
Conducting contact classes for PhD nursing via videoconferencing at six centers in India
Advantages:

Lectures and lesson are delivered at same time to distant places.

Enhances Group building Facilitating Brain-Storming and decision making.

Co-operative learning.

Promotes skill in discussion among learner .

Disadvantages: -

Scheduling same time to multiple participants would be difficult.

Requirement of greater Financial and personnel resources.

Cannot be suitable for learners from different time zones.

2. Asynchronous Approach:-The instruction is delivered at different points of time usually

recorded videos, Print materials etc. Learners have freedom to receive the instruction at their
own time, space and pace.
E.g. Most of the universities follow this system by sending text materials, recorded
multimedia materials to distant learner by post or email.
Advantages:

It does not require the participants share the time or space to contribute to or benefit
from instructions.

Suitable to all learners living different time zones.

Individual can read and understand the content at his own pace.

Learner can clarify their doubts through emails/post.

it is good for learner who has learning disabilities.

Disadvantages:

Social isolation of learner.

Lacks active interaction.

Cost is higher.

Lack of immediate clarification and evaluation of contents.

TYPES OF INSTRUCTIONAL DELIVERY SYSTEMS IN DISTANCE EDUCATION :1) SELF DIRECTED AND INDEPENDENT LEARNING:- In which individual takes
the initiative, with or without the assistance of others, in diagnosing their learning needs,
formulating nursing goals, identify resources for learning, choosing and implement
appropriate learning strategies and evaluating learning outcomes.
ADVANAGES:

Student study at their own convenience.

Promotes accountability and responsibility of learner.

DISADVANTAGES:

Requiring self discipline among learner.

Limited feedback.

2) CORRESPONDENCE:-correspondence education is a formal education process under

which the institution provides instructional material, by mail or electronic transmission,
including examination on the materials, to student who are separated from the instructor.
ADVANAGES:

Student study at their own convenience.

Earn 25% credit through self study.

DISADVANTAGES:

Requiring self discipline and self motivation.

Learning takes place in isolation.

3) SATELLITE:-EDUSAT (first satellite in India for educational purpose) was created

primarily for the purpose of providing connectivity to school, college and higher level of
education. For e.g. the tribal area of Madhya Pradesh has been covered in the Indira
Gandhi National Open University national beam.
ADVANAGES:

Real time video.

Require minimal technical assistance.

DISADVANTAGES:

One way instruction.

Higher cost.

4) BROADCAST: - Broadcast television or radios do not provide for real time, two way
interactions between presenters and participants. These medium used to instruct a vast no
of student at a same time.
ADVANAGES:

Organized and well planned presentation.

DISADVANTAGES:

No real time interaction with faculty.

Requires good production facility.

5) MICROWAVE/FIBRO OPTIC:- The medium of transmission is light, Light waves

have an extremely high frequency and travel at 186,000 miles per second by fiber optic
cables. In the process the microwave beam carry audio and video information via
transmitters and receivers.

ADVANAGES:

Two way video and two way audio.

Real time delivery.

Transmit data as well as audio or video.

DISADVANTAGES:

Tower and transmission problem.

Very costly when compared to other mode.

6) VIDEOCONFERENCING:- this system transmit voice, graphics, and images of people.

it is fully interactive system that either allow for two way video and audio, where the
presenter and audience see and hear each other.
ADVANAGES:

Learner centered.

Provide two way communications.

Real time interaction.

DISADVANTAGES:

Highly depend on transmission of signal and band width.

7) COMPUTER MEDIATED COMMUNICATION: - such as electronic mails or

computer conferencing.
ADVANAGES:

Asynchronous approach.

Immediate feed-back.

DISADVANTAGES:

Requires computer facility.

Cost of software.

8) VIDEO PROGRAMMES:-The video programmes are regularly broadcast through the

exclusive educational broadcast TV Channel of India.
For e.g. The IGNOU relay Gyan Darshan daily on DD national network every day from
6:00 to 6:30 A.M. And also available on YOUTUBE/www.eGyankosh.ac.in.
9) AUDIO PROGRAMMES: -

The Audio programmes are regularly broadcast through

37 Gyan wani FM radio station all over country in the IGNOU HOUR slot.

10) E-Learning: - through use of mobile and internet distance education centers sent mails
and material directly on students mobile and mail.
DELIVERY MODE OF DISTANCE EDUCATION:
A wide range of technological options are available to the distance educator. They fall
into four major categories:
1. Voice Instructional audio tools include the interactive technologies of telephone, audio
conferencing, and shortwave radio. Passive (i.e., oneway) audio tools include tapes
and radio.
2. Video Instructional video tools include still images such as slides, preproduced
moving images (e.g., film, videotape), and realtime moving images combined with
audio conferencing (oneway or twoway video with twoway audio).
3. Data Computers send and receive information electronically. For this reason, the term
data is used to describe this broad category of instructional tools. Computer
applications for distance education are varied and include:

Computerassisted instruction (CAI) uses the computer as a selfcontained

teaching machine to present individual lessons.

Computermanaged instruction (CMI) uses the computer to organize instruction

and track student records and progress. The instruction itself need not be delivered via
a computer, although CAI is often combined with CMI.

Computermediated education (CME) describes computer applications that

facilitate the delivery of instruction. Examples include Electronic mail, fax, realtime
computer conferencing, and WorldWide Web applications.

4. Print is a foundational element of distance education programs and the basis from
which all other delivery systems have evolved. Various print formats are available
including: textbooks, study guides, workbooks, course syllabi, and case studies.

KEY PLAYERS IN DISTANCE EDUCATION:

The following briefly describes the roles of these key players in the distance education
enterprise and the challenges they face.
1. Students Meeting the instructional needs of students is the cornerstone of every
effective distance education program, and the test by which all efforts in the field are
judged. Regardless of the educational context, the primary role of the student is to learn.

This is a daunting task under the best of circumstances, requiring motivation, planning,
and an ability to analyze and apply the instructional content being taught.
When instruction is delivered at a distance, additional challenges result because students
are often separated from others sharing their backgrounds and interests, have few if any
opportunities to interact with teachers outside of class, and must rely on technical
linkages to bridge the gap separating class participants.
2. Faculty The success of any distance education effort rests squarely on the shoulders of
the faculty. In a traditional classroom setting, the instructors responsibility includes
assembling course content and developing an understanding of student needs. Special
challenges confront those teaching at a distance. For example, the instructor must:
Develop an understanding of the characteristics and needs of distant students with

little firsthand experience and limited, if any, facetoface contact.

Adapt teaching styles taking into consideration the needs and expectations of

multiple, often diverse, audiences.

Develop a working understanding of delivery technology, while remaining

focused on their teaching role.

Function effectively as a skilled facilitator as well as content provider.
3. Facilitators The instructor often finds it beneficial to rely on a site facilitator to act as a
bridge between the students and the instructor. To be effective, a facilitator must
understand the students being served and the instructors expectations. Most importantly,
the facilitator must be willing to follow the directive established by the teacher. Where
budget and logistics permit, the role of onsite facilitators has increased even in classes
in which they have little, if any, content expertise. At a minimum, they set up equipment,
collect assignments, proctor tests, and act as the instructors onsite eyes and ears.
4. Support Staff These individuals are the silent heroes of the distance education
enterprise and ensure that the myriad details required for program success are dealt with
effectively. Most successful distance education programs consolidate support service
functions to include student registration, materials duplication and distribution, textbook
ordering, securing of copyright clearances, facilities scheduling, processing grade reports,
managing technical resources, etc. Support personnel are truly the glue that keeps the
distance education effort together and on track.
5. AdministratorsAlthough administrators are typically influential in planning an
institutions distance education program; they often lose contact or relinquish control to
technical managers once the program is operational. Effective distance education
administrators are more than idea people. They are consensus builders, decision makers,
and referees. They work closely with technical and support service personnel, ensuring

that technological resources are effectively deployed to further the institutions academic
mission.
TRENDS OF DISTANCE EDUCATION IN INDIA:

In India Open and distance learning dates back to the 1960s, By the 1980s there were 34
universities offering correspondence education through departments designed for that
purpose.

The first single mode Open University was established in Andhra Pradesh in 1982,
followed by the lndira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU), and subsequently in
Bihar. Rajasthan, and Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Karnataka, West Bengal,
and Uttar Pradesh (established throughout the 1980s and 1990s),

The Most open and distance learning universities in India follow the model of the UK
Open University. They coordinate communication and collaboration through the Distance
Education Council (DEC), founded in 1992.

DEC is responsible for the promotion, coordination, and the maintenance of quality and
standards. A range of factors including emerging lCTs, liberalization, privatization and
globalization have amplified the demand for open and distance learning.

In India, P.B.B.Sc Nursing course which is offered by IGNOU through its INC
recognized study centers is the only course is recognized by INC with regard to distance
education course in Nursing in lndia.

Role of Distance Education Council: I.

Lay down norms, guidelines and standards for offering various programmes of higher
education through distance education system.

II.

Grant recognition to programmes of higher education offered through distance education

system within the country.

III.

Act as a nodal authority for providing communication network, tools and technologies,
radiobroadcast, internet, satellite communication and the interactive technology relevant
for distance education.

Regulatory authority of Distance Education courses in Nursing:Indian Nursing Council and Distance Education Council are primary regulatory authorities to set
standards, recognition and monitoring the distance Education programmes in Nursing in India,.
NAME OF UNIVERSITIES IN INDIA OFFERING DISTANCE EDUCATION COURSE
FOR NURSING:

Indira Gandhi Nation Open University

Annamalai University
Babasaheb Ambedkar Open University
Vinayaka Missions University
Nalanda Open University
Tamilnadu Open University
Netaji Subhas Open University
Vardhaman Mahaveer Open University
Yashwantrao Chavan Maharashtra Open University

DISTANCE EDUCATION COURSE IN NURSING:Doctoral Degree

Doctor of Philosophy in Nursing (PhD(N))
Post Doctoral Certificate in Dialysis Medicine (PDCDM)
PG and Advance Diploma
Post-Graduate Diploma in HIV Medicine (PGDHIVM)
Post-Graduate Diploma in Hospital and Health Management (PGDHHM)
Post-Graduate Diploma in Maternal and Child Health (PGDMCH )
Post-Graduate Diploma in Geriatric Medicine (PGDGM)
Bachelor's Degree
B.Sc. Nursing (Post Basic)

Diploma
Diploma in Nursing Administration (DNA)
Diploma in Critical Care Nursing (DCCN)
Certificate
Certificate in Newborn & Infant Nursing (CNIN)
Certificate in Maternal and Child Health Nursing (CMCHN)
Certificate in Home Based Health Care (CHBHC)
PROCESS FOR DISTANCE EDUCATION COURES:APPLICATION PROCESS:

Application process is easy, in which student can request application form from regional
center/university or post on payment of prescribed fees.

Student can also download application form from website of regional center/university.

Student filled application form along with attachment can be directly to university by
post or submitted in study centers along with fees.

DOUCUMENTS REQUIRED FOR ADMISSION ARE:

Attested copies of school/college living certificate and academic certificate as per

eligibility.

Migration certificate in original.

Passport size photograph dully attested.

Dully filled-in-address slip along with self addressed envelopes.

Admission fees(A/c Payee Demand draft)

Permission letter from the employer(if employed)

Special category certificate(if any)

METHODOLOGY:Under academic activities students are called for an induction meeting, during the
induction meeting student are provided with printed self instructional course material, Study
centers face to face contact session for the student for the getting academic guidance. During this
phase the student are required to work on the assignment and submit them to their tutors on the
dates given in the assignment submitted schedule. Assignment is evaluated by the tutors.
IMPOTANCE OF STUDY CENTERS:

The help in provide basic information about courses.

They assist in admission process, providing forms, submitting forms, collection of fees.

They help in providing study material to the student.

Solve students quires related to examination and understanding of study material by

conducting personal contact classes.

Some study centers are equipped to hold practical classes for subject requiring practical
study.

They also help in getting final certificates from the university.

In totality they function as a link between university and the student.

FACILITIES HAVE BEEN PROVIDED AT REGIONAL STUDY CENTERS: Library course material.

Video cassettes.

Audio cassettes.

Computers.

Fax.

TV/VCR etc.

CHALLENGES AND ISSUES IN DISTANCE EDUCATION IN NURSING:I.

Socio-economical factors: There is huge divide between urban and rural area. Cost
related to use these technology advancements is still a challenge to marginally lower
socio economic learners. However, this issue is well taken care of by policy maker by
establishing National Knowledge Network (NKN). Toll tree telephone numbers, egovernance centers, National Informatics Centers (NIC), free laptop/tablets, mobile
application. Broad band connectivity to all villages etc.

II.

Technological challenges:-In the era of scientific explosion, choosing a appropriate

method fitting to all learner need still be challenge to institution offer distance education
program. However,

III.

Learner with disabilities:- It is not well addressed in the traditional and distance
education system. Use of technology and modalities to suit the all type of disabilities is
still a challenge. However, this can be solved by magnifying screen/monitors, Bralie
printer. Text-to-speech software, Translation software, modified key board and mobile
application.

IV.

Language barrier.

V.

Faculty workload.

VI.

Attitude towards innovation and change: - Still people believe that traditional system
is the best and only system; such believes causes resistance to change and accept the
innovation, Lack of research related information is also the key for resistance and
acceptance of distance education.

VII.

Gender issues: - Majority of nursing workforce is women, who traditionally shoulder

many responsibilities of family. They require multi tasking skill on successful completion
of distance education courses.

VIII.

Recognition and accreditation:- Accreditation and recognition of distance education

courses are still remain as issue in India. There is lack of common understanding
between apex bodies and councils. Many state nursing council do not consider distance
education courses as recognized qualification. These cause hesitancy among nurses to
undergo distance education courses in lndia.

ROLE OF DISTANCE EDUCATION IN DEVELOPMENT OF NURSING:

Distance education can provide opportunity to:

Those nurses who are working in remote areas and have no facilities of higher education.
Those that is unable to join regular courses due to various reasons.
Those that are already working and cannot duties by their institutions because of shortage

of nurses and other reasons.

Those who feel that they cannot cope up with regular courses within specific time.

ADVANTAGES OF DISTANCE EDUCATION IN NURSING:

The demand for RNs is high and is expected to remain high. At the same time, the skills
required of nursing profession are becoming more advanced. Whether nursing on an RN to BSN
program, or making the transition from RN to MSN nurse practitioner.

Lots of flexibility. With distance learning courses, students can complete their course
work from just about anywhere, provided theres a computer and internet connection.
This allows students to work when and where it is more convenient for them without
having to squeeze in scheduled classes to an already busy life.

No commuting. Taking a course online can be one way to cut down on costly gas or
public transportation. Since students can often work from home to complete their class
assignments, both time and money are saved in cutting out the trips to and from class.

Numerous choices for schools. Even if you live in a community with few or no colleges
distance learning allows you to choose from a wide variety of schools to complete your
education. You may find online schools that specialize in your particular field or one that
can provide a great general education. Either way, your options for education will be
greatly expanded.

Lowered costs. Prices for online courses are generally cheaper than their on-campus
counterparts and you wont have to worry about commuting, moving or getting meal
plans on campus, some additional benefits to learning from home.

Learn while working. As distance learning can usually be completed on your own
schedule, it is much easier to complete distance learning courses while working than
more traditional educational programs. Keeping your job gives you more income,

experience and stability while completing your degree giving you less to worry about and
more time to focus on your studies.
ROLE OF NURSE IN DISTANCE EDUCATION:In distance education, nurse may play important role to promote health care system, client care
via using as a source to distance education. For example:
1. Dissemination of research finding: To change and making update in knowledge in field
of health care, Nurses may communicate their result of research to use a mode of
dissemination, to print like (Newspaper, journals) Media( WWW or video assisted
teaching).
2. Distance nurse educator: Nurse with highly competent skill may work as a distance
nurse educator. They may develop their own program to provide information, to students,
using information technologies. They can develop their own tools for evaluation and
comparing the results.
3. Promoting futuristic nursing: Nurses in the higher post and some responsibility or
represented their place, May also helpful to promote these aspects of education.
Collaborate with some of the Open University and may provide chances to nursing
students for continuing education.

THEORY/MODEL APPLICATION:
Distance education total depends on the process of communication Its material, learners
and program.
In the whole process of distance education the most relavant theory or model is the
Interpersonal model of communication.

Concept of interpersonal communication model:

Sender: Distance educator nurse or the program coordinator, authority of program, providing in
the course.
Receiver: All learners, staff nurses and people living in the community, who wish to join the
Distance Education program.
Message: Message of the distance education services program, content on which you want,
provide education to learners.
Referent: Mode of delivery of distance education like print, video, data, media.
Channel: What method you are using to provide distance, like teleconferencing, postal coaching
etc.
Interpersonal Variables: Which affects the process of distance education like learners
educational, marital, occupational and social status etc.
Environment: In the distance education, the physical and mental climate for studied depends on
the learner in the distance education.
RELATED RESEARCH:MEE,S.(2014),Is distance education the answer to the nursing shortages.
ABSTRACT:- this study examined the effectiveness of distance education compared with
campus based learning among nursing students. Distance education in nursing curricula is

increasing. Academic nurse leaders must demonstrate the effectiveness of distance learning. This
study is unique in that two cohorts, distance learner and campus learner.
DESIGN:- the design of this study is descriptive.
SAMPLE:- all graduate nurse distance learner(15) and computer based learner(25).
FINDINGS:-There were no significant difference in nursing outcomes between distance learner
and campus based learners.
The mean score is (73.53) is distance learner and (68.8) is campus based learners.
CONCLUSION:-There is a need for academic programs of nursing to expand distance course
and curricular offering in order to meet the rising demands for nurses in workforce.
PRESENTER VIEW:
Although not for everyone, distance education is a "connecting point" for faculty and students
who are separated by time and space. As a nurse, open learning system is very important to
promote her qualification and skill. But role of nurse in promoting this mean of education is very
essential and equal opportunity with change in attitude towards the distance education is also
important.
SUMMARY:
In this chapter, we shared knowledge about foundation issues. The term Distance education was
defined after acknowledging that different educators might define it differently. We discussed
about the nature, scope and philosophy of distance education. We analyzed its elements and
importance in the field of nursing.
CONCLUSION:
When the changes/developments in health care services, the quick increase and aging of
information, the tendency to expertise and lifelong learning are considered, it has been inevitable
for continuing education programs in nursing which include all educational activities. Distance
education which uses the opportunities of information communication technology and education
technology and which aims to provide education for a lot of people uses a variety of information
technologies to connect students and faculty who otherwise are not able to meet because of
barriers of time or space.
REFERENCES:BOOKS: Neeraja KP (2003) Text book of Nursing Education" New Delhi ,Jaypee brothers,

Sudha R (2013), Nursing education: principle and concept, Newdelhi, jaypee brothers.

Young Y.E. Paterson BL (2007) Teaching Nursing-Developing student-centered

Learning Environment" Philadelphia, Lippincott.

Keating SB (2006) Distance Learning" in Curriculum Development and Evaluation in

Nursing" Philadelphia, Lippincott.2nd Edition.

Iwasiw CL, Goldenberg D, Andrusyszyn MA (2010) Curriculum Development in

Nursing Education' Boston, Jones and Baniett.

Bastable SB (2008) Nurse as Educator", Boston, Jones and Bartlett,3" edition.

JOURNAL:

Bernt F.L. & Bugbee, A.C. (1993). Study Practices and Attitudes related to Academic

Success in a Distance Learning Programme. Distance Education, 14(1).

Beare, P.L. (1989). The comparative effectiveness of videotape, audiotape, and telelecture
in delivering continuing teacher education. American Journal of Distance Education.

3(2).
Billings, D.M. (1999). The next generation distance education. Journal of Nursing
Education 38.

INTERNET: UNESCO (2002) Open and Distance Learning -Trends, Policy and Strategy
Considerations "Paris.UNESCO, retrived from
http//unesdoc.unesco.orgmagesl0012/001284/128463epdi.

Mee,S.(2014) Is distance education the answer to the nursing shortage, Open Journal of
nursing, retrieved from-http//dx.doi.org/10.4236/0jn.2014.4302