729 Part 1

Ministry of Defence
Defence Standard 02-729 (NES 729)

Issue 1 Publication Date 01 April 2000
Requirements For Non-Destructive

Examination Methods
Part 1
Radiographic
Incorporating NES 729 Category 2

Issue 2 Publication Date November 1991
AMENDMENT RECORD
Amd No
Date
Text Affected
REVISION NOTE
This standard is raised to Issue 1 to update its content.
HISTORICAL RECORD
This standard supersedes the following:
Naval Engineering Standard (NES) 729 Part 1 Issue 2 dated November 1991.
Signature and Date
Ministry of Defence
Naval Engineering Standard
NES 729
Part 1
Issue 2 (Reformatted)
November 1991
REQUIREMENTS FOR NON-DESTRUCTIVE

EXAMINATION METHODS
PART 1
RADIOGRAPHIC
This NES Supersedes

NES 729 PART 1 ISSUE 1
Record of Amendments
AMDT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
INSERTED BY
DATE
NAVAL ENGINEERING STANDARD 729

REQUIREMENTS FOR NON-DESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION METHODS
PART 1
ISSUE 2 (REFORMATTED)
RADIOGRAPHIC
The issue and use of this Standard

is authorized for use in MOD contracts
by MOD(PE) Sea Systems and
the Naval Support Command
ECROWN COPYRIGHT
Published by:
Director of Naval Architecture
Procurement Executive, Ministry of Defence
Sea Systems, Foxhill, Bath BA1 5AB
i
ii
NES 729
Part 1
SCOPE
1.
This part of NES 729 covers the minimum requirements for the radiographic examination
method used to detect internal discontinuities in welded joints and metallic materials
including casting, pipes and fabrication.
2.
The NES applies to all items for which specifications, standards, drawings, or refit/repair
instructions require radiographic examination, by x-ray or gamma-ray techniques.
3.
The NES also covers the Quality Assessment of Examining Authorities who perform
radiographic examination.
4.
The extent to which radiographic examination is required is not included herein but will be
found in the relevant Contract Documents.
5.
It does not contain acceptance criteria for defects.
6.
The NES does not apply to the examination of nuclear plant and machinery.
iii
NES 729
Part 1
iv
NES 729
Part 1
FOREWORD
Sponsorship
1.
This Naval Engineering Standard (NES) is sponsored by the Procurement Executive, Ministry
of Defence, Director Naval Architecture (Submarines) (DNA(SM)), Section NA 133.
2.
It is to be applied as required by any Procurement Executive, Ministry of Defence contract for

the non-destructive examination of metals and is applicable to Surface Ships and Submarines.
3.
This NES comprises:

Requirements for Non-destructive Examination Methods thus
Part 1
Radiographic
Part 2
Magnetic Particle
Part 3
Eddy Current
Part 4
Liquid Penetrant
Part 5
Ultrasonic
4.
If it is found to be technically unsuitable for any particular requirement the Sponsor is to be

informed in writing of the circumstances with a copy to Director Naval Architecture Surface
Ships (DNA(SS)), NA 145.
5.
Any user of this NES either within MOD or in industry may propose an amendment to it.
Proposals for amendments which are:
a.
not directly applicable to a particular contract are to be made to the Sponsor of the NES;
b.
directly applicable to a particular contract are to be dealt with using existing

departmental procedures or as specified in the contract.
6.
No alteration is to be made to this NES except by the issue of an authorized amendment.
7.
Unless otherwise stated, reference in this NES to approval, approved, authorized or similar
terms, means by the Procurement Executive, Ministry of Defence.
8.
Any significant amendments that may be made to this NES at a later date will be indicated
by a vertical sideline. Deletions will be indicated by 000 appearing at the end of the line
interval.
9.
This NES has been reissued to reflect the changes in nomenclature and technical
requirements in line with current policy.
NES 729
Part 1
Conditions of Release
General
10.
This Naval Engineering Standard (NES) has been prepared for the use of the Crown and of
its contractors in the execution of contracts for the Crown. The Crown hereby excludes all
liability (other than liability for death or personal injury) whatsoever and howsoever arising
(including but without limitation, negligence on the part of the Crown, its servants or agents)
for any loss or damage however caused where the NES is used for any other purpose.
11.
This document is Crown Copyright and the information herein may be subject to Crown or
third party rights. It is not to be released, reproduced or published without written permission
of the MOD.
12.
The Crown reserves the right to amend or modify the contents of this NES without consulting
or informing any holder.
MOD Tender or Contract Process

13.
This NES is the property of the Crown and unless otherwise authorized in writing by the MOD
must be returned on completion of the contract, or submission of the tender, in connection
with which it is issued.
14.
When this NES is used in connection with a MOD tender or contract, the user is to ensure that
he is in possession of the appropriate version of each document, including related documents,
relevant to each particular tender or contract. Enquiries in this connection may be made of
the local MOD(PE) Quality Assurance Representative or the Authority named in the tender
or contract.
15.
When NES are incorporated into MOD contracts, users are responsible for their correct
application and for complying with contracts and any other statutory requirements.
Compliance with an NES does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.
Related Documents
16.
In the tender and procurement processes the related documents listed in each section and
Annex A can be obtained as follows:
a.
British Standards
British Standards Institution,

389 Chiswick High Road,
London W4 4AL
b.
Defence Standards
Directorate of Standardization and Safety Policy,

Stan 1, Kentigern House, 65 Brown Street,
Glasgow G2 8EX
c.
Naval Engineering Standards
CSE3a, CSE Llangennech, Llanelli,

Dyfed SA14 8YP
d.
Other documents
Tender or Contract Sponsor to advise.
Note: Tender or Contract Sponsor can advise in cases of difficulty.

17.
All applications to Ministry Establishments for related documents are to quote the relevant
MOD Invitation to Tender or Contract Number and date, together with the sponsoring
Directorate and the Tender or Contract Sponsor.
18.
Prime Contractors are responsible for supplying their subcontractors with relevant
documentation, including specifications, standards and drawings.
vi
NES 729
Part 1
Health and Safety

Warning
19.
This NES may call for the use of processes, substances and/or procedures that may be injurious
to health if adequate precautions are not taken. It refers only to technical suitability and in
no way absolves either the supplier or the user from statutory obligations relating to health
and safety at any stage of manufacture or use. Where attention is drawn to hazards, those
quoted may not necessarily be exhaustive.
Safety
20.
Radiographic exposures are to be made under protected conditions in accordance with

statutory requirements.
21.
All equipment involving the use of main electrical supply is to conform to the relevant
statutory requirements and safety regulations.
22.
All examinations referred to in this NES are to be carried out with due regard to applicable
statutory requirements, safety regulations and Codes of Practice.
vii
NES 729
Part 1
viii
NES 729
Part 1
CONTENTS
Page No
TITLE PAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
iii
FOREWORD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sponsorship . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Conditions of Release . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
MOD Tender or Contract Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Related Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health and Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Warning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
v
v
vi
vi
vi
vi
vii
vii
vii
CONTENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ix
SECTION
1.
ACCEPTANCE STANDARDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.1
SECTION
2.
INSPECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.1
SECTION
3.
3.1
3.2
APPROVAL REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Personnel Qualification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Radiographic Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TABLE 3.1 MATERIAL GROUPING FOR
RADIOGRAPHIC PROCEDURES . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Radiographic Equipment Qualification . . . . . . . . . .
FIGURE 3.1 TYPICAL STANDARD
RADIOGRAPHIC REPORT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
FIGURE 3.2 MINIMUM FOCUS OR
SOURCE-TO-FILM DISTANCE v EFFECTIVE
SOURCE SIZE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
FIGURE 3.3 RECOMMENDED X-RAY
VOLTAGES AND RADIO-ISOTOPE SOURCES
FOR USE WITH VARIOUS STEELS AND
SIMILAR ALLOYS 2% SENSITIVITY LEVEL . .
FIGURE 3.4 RECOMMENDED X-RAY
VOLTAGES AND RADIO-ISOTOPE SOURCES
FOR USE WITH COPPER BASE AND
SIMILAR ALLOYS 2% SENSITIVITY LEVEL . .
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.3
3.1
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
SECTION
4.
SURFACE PREPARATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.1
SECTION
5.
5.1
5.2
RADIATION SOURCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Thickness Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Source Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.1
5.1
5.1
ix
NES 729
Part 1
SECTION
6.
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
SECTION
7.
PRODUCTION RADIOGRAPHY . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Direction of Radiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Image Quality Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Screens and Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Film . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Film Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
FIGURE 6.1 SELECTION OF IQI WIRE
NUMBER FOR PERCENTAGE SENSITIVITY:
WIRE TYPE BS 3971 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
FIGURE 6.2 SELECTION OF IQI WIRE NUMBER
FOR PERCENTAGE SENSITIVITY: WIRE
TYPEDIN 54109 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TABLE 6.1 SCREENS AND FILTERS . . . . . . . . . .
Cassettes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Film Density . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Multiple-Film Technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Filmless Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Focus/Source to Film Distance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TABLE 6.2 SOURCE-TO-FILM DISTANCE
FOR THE RADIOGRAPHY OF PIPE WELDS
USING GAMMA RAYS AND DOUBLE-WALL
DOUBLE-IMAGE TECHNIQUE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Diagnostic Film Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Radiograph Location Markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Film Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.4
6.4
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.7
STORAGE OF RADIOGRAPHS AND

RADIOGRAPHIC RECORDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.1
SECTION
8.
DARKROOM FACILITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.1
SECTION
9.
FILM VIEWING FACILITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9.1
SECTION
10.
INTERPRETATION OF RADIOGRAPHS . . . . . . .
FIGURE 10.1 METHOD OF MARKING WELDS
FOR RADIOGRAPHY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10.1
10.2
SECTION
11.
11.1
11.2
11.3
11.4
11.5
IMAGE QUALITY INDICATORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
IQI Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wire Type IQI DIN 54109 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wire Type IQI BS 3971 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
IQI Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11.1
11.1
11.1
11.1
11.1
11.2
SECTION
12.
IQI LOCATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TABLE 12.1 IQI LOCATION FOR
CIRCUMFERENTIAL WELDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12.1
RADIOGRAPHY OF PIPE WELDS . . . . . . . . . . . .

Single-Wall Technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Double-Wall Single-Image Technique . . . . . . . . . . .
Double-Wall Double-Image Technique . . . . . . . . . . .
13.1
13.1
13.1
13.1
SECTION
13.
13.1
13.2
13.3
12.2
NES 729
Part 1
SECTION
14.
WELDS WITH OVERLAY CLADDING . . . . . . . .
14.1
SECTION
15.
SIMULTANEOUS EXPOSURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15.1
SECTION
16.
RADIOGRAPHY OF SMALL PARTS . . . . . . . . . .
16.1
SECTION
17.
RADIOGRAPHY OF REPAIR WELDS . . . . . . . . .
17.1
SECTION
18.
18.1
18.2
RADIOGRAPHY OF CASTINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Technique Shot Films . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18.1
18.1
18.1
ANNEX
A.
RELATED DOCUMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A.1
ANNEX
B.
DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS . . . . . . . .
B.1
ANNEX
C.
PROCUREMENT CHECK LIST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
C.1
ALPHABETICAL INDEX
xi
NES 729
Part 1
xii
NES 729
Part 1
1.
ACCEPTANCE STANDARDS
a.
The standards for acceptance of defect indications detected by radiographic

examination are to be specified in the Contract; where not specified therein,
DG Ships/G/10000B or NES 745 Parts 1 and 2 is to apply as appropriate.
1.1
NES 729
Part 1
1.2
NES 729
Part 1
2.
INSPECTION
a.
It is not the intent of this part of NES 729 to exclude proven radiographic
inspection procedures which can be demonstrated to meet the quality
requirements. However prior MOD(PE) approval is to be obtained before such
procedures are used.
b.
Unless otherwise specified in the Contract, acceptance radiography is to be

performed after final heat treatment.
c.
The material thickness at final acceptance radiography is not to exceed the

finished thickness of the section under examination by more than 20% or 6mm
whichever is the greater.
d.
The extent of radiographic examination is to be included in the Contract

detailed in SCOPE 4. and is to include the number of areas and items to be
radiographed, the stage in fabrication when this is to be performed (if different
from that stated in Clause 2.b.), the quality level of inspection and the
acceptance standard to be applied.
2.1
NES 729
Part 1
2.2
NES 729
Part 1
3.
APPROVAL REQUIREMENTS
3.1
Personnel Qualification
3.2
a.
The Examining Authority is to ensure that all personnel associated with

radiographic examination have been trained and certificated to the levels
appropriate to their responsibilities. This certification is to relate to a National
or International accreditation scheme, eg Personnel Certification in
Non-Destructive Testing (PCN).
b.
A register of approved personnel shall be kept by the Examining Authority.
Radiographic Procedures
a.
MOD(PE) approval of radiographic procedures is to be obtained prior to

radiographic examination of production items. Radiographic and film
processing procedures are to form a part of the standard procedure approval.
b.
Separate procedures are to cover the requirements for the radiographic

examination of structural welding, castings, forgings and pipe welds.
c.
The relevant contract documents are to define the extent of the radiographic
examination and the appropriate acceptance standards to be applied.
d.
Inspections to radiographic procedures are to be carried out by approved

personnel qualified in accordance with Clause 3.1a.
e.
Materials are to be grouped in accordance with TABLE 3.1. For materials

having substantially different radiographic absorption characteristics from
those in Groups 1, 2 and 3 (see TABLE 3.1) procedure approval is to be related
to reference samples simulating production requirements.
TYPICAL METALS/ALLOYS
GROUP NO
1
2
Carbon: low alloy, high alloy steels, including stainless steels:

nickel chromium iron alloys; nickel aluminium bronze
Copper; copper nickel alloys; gun metal; nickel copper alloys
Light metals; eg aluminium, magnesium, titanium alloys
TABLE 3.1 MATERIAL GROUPING FOR RADIOGRAPHIC PROCEDURES

f.
Radiographic procedures are to reference all relevant documents, specifications

and acceptance standards. The procedures are to be recorded and maintained
by the Examining Authority for audit purposes.
g.
Radiographic procedures are to cover all pre-requisites and technical

requirements associated with the relevant application and are to contain
specific guidance information including the following:
(1)
type of production item, eg welds, castings etc;
(2)
material group;
(3)
material;
(4)
method of marking radiographic and production items;
(5)
x-ray equipment information:

(a)
focal spot size,
(b)
tube voltage (expressed as kV),
(c)
tube current (expressed as mA);
3.1
NES 729
Part 1
(6)
isotope information:
(a)
type of isotope;
(b)
source dimensions;
(7)
type of film cassettes and type of film;
(8)
type and thickness of intensifying screens;
(9)
type of IQI, location and required film sensitivity;
(10) object to film distance FSD or FFD;

(11) radiation direction and film disposition;
(12) film image density;
(13) film processing technique;
(14) film viewing facilities.
A suitable format for radiographic report is shown in FIGURE 3.1.
h.
The radiographic procedure is to be reapproved in accordance with

Clauses 3.2a.3.2i. when:
(1)
the MOD(PE) has reason to believe that the Examining Authority cannot
meet the required radiographic quality levels in production radiography
using the previously approved procedure;
(2)
an isotope of larger physical size, or X-ray tube of larger focal spot size,
than that used in the approved procedure is to be used, unless the
source-to-film distance (SFD) or focus-to-film distance (FFD) is
maintained within the limits of FIGURE 3.2;
(3)
there is a change in the type of isotope source used;
(4)
there is a change in the type of X-ray equipment used;
(5)
the X-ray equipment voltage is greater than that used during initial
qualification and greater than the maximum value permissible in
FIGURE 3.3 and FIGURE 3.4 for the material thickness under
examination;
(6)
there is a change in the type of film;
(7)
there is a reduction of the SFD or FFD below the minimum shown in

FIGURE 3.2 unless inaccessibility prevents compliance (in the latter case,
the Examining Authority is to verify that the greatest possible SFD/FFD
is used and that the radiographic record shows that accessibility limits the
SFD or FFD);
(8)
there is an increase in the thickness of intensifying screens beyond the

thickness qualified and beyond the maximum permitted by TABLE 6.1;
(9)
there is a change in the type of intensifying screen material used.
3.2
NES 729
Part 1
i.
All radiographic examinations are to be recorded in a radiographic report in

which the following information is to be recorded:
(1)
relevant radiographic procedure;
(2)
name(s) of qualified operators;
(3)
description of the component, location, material and thickness;
(4)
contractual details;
(5)
radiographic technical details;
(6)
film coverage;
(7)
date, place and time of examination.
NOTE:
3.3
A specimen radiographic report showing the minimum information to be

recorded is at FIGURE 3.1.
Radiographic Equipment Qualification

a.
Radiographic test equipment is to be capable of consistently producing

radiographs to the required quality in accordance with this NES and an
approved written procedure.
3.3
NES 729
Part 1
Procedure No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Issue No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Company . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
...................
...................
Radiographed by . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Procedure drafted by . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Approved by . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Date . . . . . . . . . .
Radiographic Report No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
COMPONENT DESCRIPTION
Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Drg No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Material Spec No . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
MOD Contract Order No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Casting/Forging/Weld/Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Thickness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TECHNIQUE DETAILS
1.
Radiation Source
X-ray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gamma-ray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Kilovoltage . . . . . . . . . . . .
Isotope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Anode current . . . . . . . . .
mA/Source strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Effective source-size . . . .
mm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mm
Exposure time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Equipment manufacturer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Model or type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.
Geometry
Source film distance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mm
Principal beam angulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . to normal
Area examinedsize . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mm . . . . . . . . . . mm
IQI-Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Required sensitivity . . . . . . . . %
Sensitivity achieved . . . . . . . . . %
3.
Photographic Details
Film: Make . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ScreensType . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Backscatter control . . . . . . . . . . .
Processing: Type . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Density required . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Density achieved . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.
Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
mm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mm
Thickness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Block medium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Temp . . . . . . . . . . .
Coverage
No of films . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Marking system etc, shown separately in attached sketch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.
Acceptance Standard Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.
Other information
7.
Results of examination
Shooting sketches to be added as necessary
FIGURE 3.1 TYPICAL STANDARD RADIOGRAPHIC REPORT
3.4
NES 729
Part 1
FIGURE 3.2 MINIMUM FOCUS OR SOURCE-TO-FILM DISTANCE v EFFECTIVE

SOURCE SIZE
3.5
NES 729
Part 1
FIGURE 3.3 RECOMMENDED X-RAY VOLTAGES AND RADIO-ISOTOPE SOURCES FOR

USE WITH VARIOUS STEELS AND SIMILAR ALLOYS.
2% SENSITIVITY LEVEL
3.6
NES 729
Part 1
FIGURE 3.4 RECOMMENDED X-RAY VOLTAGES AND RADIO-ISOTOPE SOURCES FOR

USE WITH COPPER BASE AND SIMILAR ALLOYS.
2% SENSITIVITY LEVEL
3.7
NES 729
Part 1
3.8
NES 729
Part 1
4.
SURFACE PREPARATION
a.
Accessible surfaces of castings and welds to be radiographed are to be dressed

as necessary to prevent the occurrence of indications on the radiographs
resulting from weld beads, ripples, slag, scale and other surface irregularities
which could interfere with the interpretation of the radiographs. Such dressing
is to be in accordance with limitations in NES 745 Parts 1 and 2 for casting
surfaces and DGS/G/10000B for weld surfaces.
4.1
NES 729
Part 1
4.2
NES 729
Part 1
5.
RADIATION SOURCES
a.
Gamma-Ray Isotopes
The following gamma-ray isotopes may be used.
Thulium
(Tm) 170
Iridium
(Ir)
Caesium
(Cs) 137
Cobalt
(Co)
192
60
Ytterbium (Yb) 169

The use of any other gamma radiation sources requires specific MOD(PE)
approval.
b.
X-Ray Sources
X-ray sources may be used providing the values of the kilovoltage against
material type and thickness complies with those recommended in FIGURE 3.3
and FIGURE 3.4.
5.1
Thickness Limitations
a.
5.2
Guidance regarding X-ray voltage and gamma-ray sources to be used with

various specimen thicknesses for optimum radiographic results (given in
FIGURE 3.3 and FIGURE 3.4) is not to be taken to imply that on these
thicknesses the flaw sensitivity with gamma-rays is equivalent to that with
X-rays. In general, any gamma-ray technique will be less sensitive than an X-ray
technique on material thicknesses of less than 50mm. On material thickness
50mm and greater the difference in sensitivity is less marked and is dependent
upon the actual gamma-ray technique used.
Source Dimensions
a.
A cylindrical isotope source whose length is greater than its diameter will have
a greater effective radiation sources dimension when oriented coaxially in the
centre of a pipe for a panoramic exposure than when the axis of the source is
positioned at right angles to the pipe. For a focal spot projected as a square image
the diagonal of the square is to be used for calculation.
5.1
NES 729
Part 1
5.2
NES 729
Part 1
6.
PRODUCTION RADIOGRAPHY
6.1
Direction of Radiation
a.
6.2
Whenever appropriate, the radiation beam is to be directed perpendicularly to

the external surface and/or axis of the section under examination. Beam angling
is, however, permissible where required to determine the type, location and/or
dimensions of a defect.
Image Quality Level

a.
Radiography is to be performed with a technique which will distinguish the

acceptable Image Quality Indicator (IQI), (see Section 10.). Radiography quality
level is to be determined by using one or more of the IQIs referred to in
FIGURE 6.1 and FIGURE 6.2. Unless otherwise specified, 2% IQI sensitivity is
to be used as a standard for evaluating radiography quality for materials up to
and including 50mm thick, and 1X above this thickness.
NOTE:
6.3
Screens and Filters

a.
6.4
Radiographic procedures which use either a gamma source or an X-ray source

of 120kV or greater are to include front and back screens in accordance with
TABLE 6.1 and the notes applicable. Screen surfaces are to be free of blemishes
which may produce spurious indications in the resultant radiograph.
Film
a.
6.5
For a particular thickness the IQI sensitivity provides a means by

which the quality of radiographic techniques may be compared.
Whenever gamma radiography is used radiographs are to be made on fine grain

or ultra-fine grain, high contrast, safety base film.
Film Quality
a.
Radiographs presented for interpretation are to be free from blemishes or film

defects which might mask, or be confused with, defects in the material being
examined. If doubt exists concerning the true nature of an indication on the
film, the radiograph is to be rejected. Typical blemishes are as follows:
(1)
fogging caused by light leaks in the processing room or cassettes or by

defective safelights or marks caused by improper processing or by use of
old film;
(2)
mechanical processing defects such as streaking, air bubbles or water

marks or chemical stains;
(3)
pressure or lead marks, scratches, gouges, finger marks, crimp marks or

static electricity marks;
(4)
loss of detail caused by poor film-to-screen contact in localized areas.
6.1
NES 729
Part 1
FIGURE 6.1 SELECTION OF IQI WIRE NUMBER FOR PERCENTAGE SENSITIVITY:

WIRE TYPE BS 3971
6.2
NES 729
Part 1
FIGURE 6.2 SELECTION OF IQI WIRE NUMBER FOR PERCENTAGE SENSITIVITY: WIRE
TYPEDIN 54109
6.3
NES 729
Part 1
SCREEN THICKNESS
SCREEN
MATERIAL
FRONT (MM)
BACK (MM)
X-rays below 120kV
Lead
none
0.1 minimum
X-rays 120 to 250kV
Lead
0.025 to 0.125
0.1 minimum
X-rays 250 to 400kV
Lead
0.05 to 0.16
0.1 minimum
Lead or
Copper
Lead,
Tantalum or
Tungsten
1 to 1.6
1 to 1.6
1 to 1.6
None
Lead
0.05 to 0.16
0.15 minimum
Lead, Steel or
Copper
Lead
0.5 to 2.0
0.25 to 1.0
0.05 to 0.16
0.1 minimum
Lead
0.02
0.02
RADIATION
X-rays 1 to 8 MeV
X-rays above 8 MeV
Gamma-rays Ir 192 and Cs 137

Gamma-rays Co 60
Gamma-rays Yb 169 and
Tm 170
Gamma-rays Yb 169
TABLE 6.1 SCREENS AND FILTERS

NOTES
6.6
6.7
1.
Intensifying Screens. Intimate contact between the screens and

the film is to be maintained during exposure. The use of fluorescent
screens requires specific approval of the MOD(PE).
2.
Back Filters. Lead filters are to be used behind the film holder to
prevent scattered radiation from the floor, walls, air or surrounding
objects from fogging the film. Each film holder is to have a lead letter
B, a minimum of 12mm high and a minimum of 1.5mm thick,
fastened to the back of the film holder within the area of film to be
read. An image of the lead letter, appearing on the film, indicates
that additional back filter thickness is required and is to be cause for
rejection of the radiograph.
3.
For Cobalt 60 the use of copper or steel screens produces the best
flaw sensitivity but a longer exposure time is required than with lead
screens (in the order of 2 to 1).
4.
Below 5mm material thickness, image quality is improved by the

omission of lead screens.
Cassettes
a.
Cassettes may be rigid or flexible types with the exception of Ytterbium 169
technique. They are to be light tight and able to maintain close film-to-screen
contact.
b.
For Ytterbium 169 radio-isotope sources only plastic cassettes/ film holders are
to be used. Vacuum loading techniques are preferred to ensure positive screen
to film contact.
Film Density
a.
The optical density of individual films is normally to be between 2.0 and 3.0 in
the area being examined. Densities in excess of 3.0 may be accepted for viewing
only if adequate high intensity viewing facilities are available.
6.4
NES 729
Part 1
6.8
Multiple-Film Technique
a.
6.9
Filmless Techniques
a.
6.10
When the thickness of the part varies considerably in the area under
examination, two or more films, of either equal or different speeds as employed
during procedure qualification, may be exposed simultaneously in the same film
holder and the resultant radiographs submitted for interpretation as single
films. This technique is to employ the use of a centre screen placed between the
films to be exposed in addition to the required front and back screens.
The use of filmless techniques is to be limited to in process inspection and is

to be subject to the prior approval of the MOD(PE).
Focus/Source to Film Distance

a.
The minimum focus or source-to-film distance (FFD or SFD) is to be in

accordance with FIGURE 3.2 which is applicable to all techniques except
double-wall double-image radiography of pipe welds using gamma-rays to
which TABLE 6.2 applies.
b.
The geometric image unsharpness (Ug) assumes greater importance as the

distance between defect and film increases and therefore this distance is to be
kept at a minimum for optimum assessment of defect. Further exposures may
also be required for this purpose. The use of longer SFD may improve definition.
The Ug value is not to exceed the inherent unsharpness of the film-screen
combination for the type of radiation used, as defined in BS 2600 Part 1.
c.
The FFD or SFD is to be compatible with the minimum sharpness value

obtainable and any practical limitations that prevent the latter being achieved
are to be indicated in the radiographic procedure as submitted for approval.
OUTSIDE
DIAM OF
PIPE
MM
SOURCE-TO-FILM DISTANCE AS A MULTIPLE OF THE OUTSIDE

DIAMETER OF PIPE
CYLINDRICAL SOURCE SIZE AND ORIENTATION USED
0.5mm 0.5mm
End on
1mm 1mm
1.3mm 1.3mm
Side on End on Side on End on
Side on
2mm 2mm
End on
Side on
9.13
12.217
10
3 to 4
3.85.5
57
6.69
6.28.6 8.211.5
20
34
3.85.5
57
6.69
6.28.6 8.211.5 912.5 12.217.5
30
34
3.85.3
57
6.69
6.28.6 8.211.6 912.5 12.217.5
40
34
3.85.3
56.8
6.69
6.28.6 8.211.6 912.5 12.217.5
50
34
3.85.2
56.8
6.69
6.28.6 8.211.7 912.5
12.217
60
34
3.85.2
56.8
6.69
6.28.6 8.211.7
912
12.217
70
34
3.85.1
56.7
6.69
6.28.6 8.211.7
912
12.215.5
80
34
3.85.1
56.7
6.69
6.28.6 8.211.7
912
12.215
90
34
3.85.1
56.7
6.69
6.28.6 8.211.7
911
12.215
Cut-off point for double-wall double-image technique
NOTE
The figures in the above table are based on geometric unsharpness values not
exceeding 0.25mm.
Wherever possible the longer source-to-film distance is used.
TABLE 6.2 SOURCE-TO-FILM DISTANCE FOR THE RADIOGRAPHY OF PIPE
WELDS USING GAMMA RAYS AND DOUBLE-WALL DOUBLE-IMAGE TECHNIQUE
6.5
NES 729
Part 1
d.
The following factors are also to be taken into account in SFD calculations:
(1)
the film is to be located as close to the item being examined as possible;
(2)
where a gap unavoidably exists between the film and the item the
maximum gap width is to be added to the specimen thickness for the
calculation of the SFD;
(3)
all calculations are to be based on the maximum effective source

dimensions. For a focal spot or source projected as a rectangle the effective
dimensions is the length of the diagonal of the rectangle, ie effective
dimension =
X 2 + Y 2 mm where X and Y are lengths of rectangle
sides;
6.11
(4)
the effective dimension for a focal spot projection consisting of divided

images is the diameter of the smallest circle circumscribing both images;
(5)
the effective size of the focal spot for each X-ray tube is to be established
using the pinhole method and checked at least once per year throughout
its working life;
(6)
for double-wall single-image radiography the material thickness to be

used for the calculation of the minimum SFD is the thickness of the wall
to be examined plus the thickness of the backing strip if featured;
(7)
for double-wall double-image radiography the material thickness to be

used for the calculation of the minimum SFD is the maximum dimensions
between the specimen surface and the film, ie the outside diameter of the
pipe irrespective of the pipe wall thickness;
(8)
for steel greater than 50mm in thickness reference is to be made to

BS 2600 (Part 2).
Diagnostic Film Length

a.
The diagnostic film length of the weld or part under examination is to be such
that the thickness of the material at the extremities of the exposed area
measured in the direction of the incident beam at that point, does not exceed
the actual thickness (T) at that point by more than the relevant value stated
below:
(1)
X-ray techniques with ultra-fine grain and fine grain high contrast
direct-type film
max incident thickness =
(2)
T + 6%
X-ray techniques with medium speed, direct-type film

max incident thickness = T + 10%
(3)
Gamma-ray techniques with ultra-fine grain and fine grain high contrast
direct-type film
max incident thickness = T + 10%
b.
The diagnostic film length for pipe welds, pipes and castings of small radius and
with thickness variation will generally determine the number of exposures
required for full coverage of the weld examined.
6.6
NES 729
Part 1
6.12
Radiograph Location Markers

a.
6.13
The images of the location markers used to correlate the part with the film are
to confirm complete coverage without interfering with the interpretation.
Marker positions are to be marked on the part and maintained on the part
throughout radiography. When radiographing a weld, the edge of the marker
image is to be approximately 3mm from the edge of the weld wherever possible.
Film Identification
a.
A system of positive identification of the film and the IQI type used is to be
provided.
(1)
(2)
The following information is to appear on each radiograph:

(a)
identification of the organization making the radiograph;
(b)
identification code letters related to Clause 6.13a.(1) where space

permits;
(c)
a unique identification number;
(d)
a suffix letter R to denote a repair radiograph where applicable,

followed by the number of the repair, eg R2, R3 etc.
The above information is also to appear in the records that accompany

each radiograph together with:
(a)
identification of the item, part, component or system, and where

applicable, the weld joint;
(b)
details of the radiographic technique used and date of exposure.
6.7
NES 729
Part 1
6.8
NES 729
Part 1
7.
STORAGE OF RADIOGRAPHS AND RADIOGRAPHIC RECORDS

a.
Radiographs and radiographic records are to be retained for seven years from
completion of a fixed term contract. Where work is performed under continuing
contract, or on other than a contractual basis, these are to be retained for seven
years from the date on which the work was performed. Technique details,
including radiographic inspection location sketches, evaluation and disposition
sheets are to be included in the records retained. At the end of the seven-year
period, the Organization is to ask MOD(PE) whether the records are to be
destroyed, forwarded to MOD(PE) or retained by the Organization for a further
period.
b.
When radiography is performed by a subcontractor, he is to provide the Prime

Contractor with all radiographs and radiographic records required for retention
in accordance with Clause 7.a.
7.1
NES 729
Part 1
7.2
NES 729
Part 1
8.
DARKROOM FACILITIES
a.
Darkroom facilities, including equipment and materials, are to be capable of

producing uniform, blemish-free radiographs and of controlling film processing
procedures in accordance with the recommendations of the manufacturers.
Records are to be maintained for the purpose of assuring control of the life and
quality of the photographic solutions and the effectiveness of the safelight
conditions.
8.1
NES 729
Part 1
8.2
NES 729
Part 1
9.
FILM VIEWING FACILITIES

a.
Radiographs are to be examined by diffused light in a darkened room or cubicle

that is suitable for this purpose.
b.
Viewing facilities and background lighting are to minimize reflection on the

radiographs.
c.
Equipment used for radiographic interpretation is to include the following

minimum requirements:
(1)
a controllable light source of sufficient maximum intensity to allow the

selection of optimum intensities for viewing the ranges of film densities
specified in Clause 6.7a. The light enclosure is to be so designed as to
provide a uniform level of illumination over the entire viewing surface.
The required light intensity for viewing film densities over 3.0 may be
provided by the use of a separate high intensity viewing port. Film
damaged owing to exposure to heat is to be rejected and repeat
radiography carried out;
(2)
the provision of a suitable fan or blower or other cooling device, and

limitation of the time of contact of the film with the viewing port in order
to avoid film damage caused by excess heat at the viewing port of high
intensity viewers;
(3)
masking facilities to suit the sizes of radiographs to be viewed;
(4)
densitometers to ensure compliance with the film density requirements

of Clause 6.7a.
9.1
NES 729
Part 1
9.2
NES 729
Part 1
10.
INTERPRETATION OF RADIOGRAPHS
a.
b.
To assist in the proper interpretation of radiographs, a sketch or drawing and

written technique or equivalent record, as per Clause 3.2i., is to be prepared to
show the arrangement used to make each radiograph. This information is to
accompany each relevant radiograph, or group of radiographs. Reference to a
standard arrangement is to be acceptable if details of the standard
arrangements are made available. The required information is to include, where
applicable:
(1)
number of films;
(2)
location of each film on the radiographed item. The film position is to be

recorded relative to the film centre marker and some fixed datum;
(3)
orientation of location markers. The preferred arrangement for

weldments is shown in FIGURE 10.1;
(4)
location of radiation source, including source-to-film distance and angle

of beam;
(5)
type of weld and weld history;
(6)
whether original weld or repair;
(7)
part and drawing number;
(8)
details of visible surface imperfections.
Interpretation of radiographs is to be carried out only by personnel with the

necessary qualifications and experience to do so (see Clause 3.1a.). Radiographs
are to be examined and interpreted by the Examining Authority to assure
compliance with the requirements of this NES. The terminology used in the
report of interpretation of weld defects is to be that recommended in BS 499
Part 1. The terminology for internal defects in castings is to be that
recommended in BS 2737.
10.1
NES 729
Part 1
NOTES
1.
The IQI is to be placed at one or both ends of each section to be radiographed.

The wires are to lie transversely across the weld with the thinest wire remote
from the centre of the radiation beam.
2.
Marker arrows that denote the length of weld under examination may also
be used to point to the appropriate IQI wire corresponding to the sensitivity
value required.
3.
Wherever possible the minimum overlap of radiographs is to be 35mm.

For pipe welds adequate coverage is to be demonstrated.
FIGURE 10.1 METHOD OF MARKING WELDS FOR RADIOGRAPHY
10.2
NES 729
Part 1
11.
IMAGE QUALITY INDICATORS
11.1
General
a.
11.2
Wire complying with BS 3971 or DIN 54109 IQI are to be used to assist in
determining the quality level of all radiographs (see FIGURE 6.1 and
FIGURE 6.2).
IQI Materials
a.
Selection of IQI material is to be made as follows:

(1)
11.3
Material Group
IQI Series
FE
CU
AL
(2)
for radiography of a material not covered by TABLE 3.1, an IQI may be

used which is either manufactured from the same material or from
another material whose radiographic absorption coefficient, at the lowest
energy level to be used, is within 15% of that of the material under
examination;
(3)
for welds made between dissimilar metals in a single group per

TABLE 3.1, the IQI for that group is to be used as in (1) above;
(4)
for welds made between dissimilar metals not of the same group per
TABLE 3.1, one IQI corresponding to the relevant group or of a lower
absorption coefficient as in (1) is placed on each side of the joint;
(5)
for welds with weld metal of a different group for the base material(s), an
additional IQI corresponding to the weld metal composition or of a lower
absorption coefficient as in (1) is to be used.
Wire Type IQI DIN 54109

a.
11.4
materials are grouped as shown in TABLE 3.1. The correct IQI series for
each material group under examination is given below and is to be used
wherever possible. If the correct IQI is not available, then an IQI of a lower
absorption coefficient, at the lowest energy level to be used, may be
substituted provided the same measured quality level is attained;
Each material group is covered by three IQI models which together contain a
series of 16 wires. Each IQI model contains seven wires numbered respectively
17, 612 and 1016. Wire diameters range from 1mm (wire No 1) to 0.1mm
(wire No 16).
Wire Type IQI BS 3971

a.
Each material group is covered by four IQI models which together contain a
series of 21 wires. Each IQI model contains seven wires numbered respectively
17, 410, 915 and 1521. An additional model is included in the BS range
which contains all 21 wires. Wire diameters range from 0.032mm (wire No 1)
to 3.2mm (wire No 21).
11.1
NES 729
Part 1
11.5
IQI Identification
a.
IQIs are identified by a combination of symbols which appear in the radiograph

eg
yp IQI:
Q
For DIN type
DIN62Fe or Cu or Al
1 ISO 7 or 6 ISO 12 or 10 ISO 16
For BS type IQI:
Fe or Cu or Al or Mg
17 or 410 or 915 or 1521 or 121
11.2
NES 729
Part 1
12.
IQI LOCATION
a.
One IQI is to represent an area within which radiographic densities do not vary
more than from +30% to 15% from the density measured adjacent to the IQI.
At least one IQI per radiograph is to be used except as specified in Clause 11.5g.
When the film density variation is more than above, two IQIs used as follows
will be satisfactory; if one IQI shows an acceptable sensitivity at the most dense
portion of the radiograph and the second IQI, placed in accordance with the
other requirements of this NES, shows an acceptable sensitivity at the least
dense portion of the radiograph, these two IQIs are to serve to qualify the
radiograph within these density limits.
b.
The IQI is to be located on the source side of the section being examined
wherever possible.
c.
For weld examination the IQI is to be placed at one or both ends of each length
to be radiographed. The wires are to lie transversely across the weld with the
thinnest wire remote from the centre beam.
d.
For double-wall, double-image exposures (eg on pipe welds) the IQI is, where
practicable, to be placed on the outside of the pipe across the weld nearest to the
source of radiation. The selected wire is to be placed over the centre line of the
weld.
e.
For double-wall, single-image exposures in which only the portion of the weld
next to the film is viewed, the radiographic technique is to be demonstrated on
a similar test section with the applicable IQI placed on the inside compared with
an IQI placed on the film side. The demonstrated radiographs are to be
identified and included with the production radiographs when these are
presented for interpretation.
f.
Where a gap necessarily exists between the item under examination and the
film, the IQI is to be placed on that part of the item furthest from the film.
g.
For circumferential pipe welds, the number and location of IQIs are to be in
accordance with TABLE 12.1.
h.
For longitudinal pipe welds, one IQI is to be placed at each extremity of each film
along the weld, and only the weld image that appears between the thinnest
visible wires of the IQIs is to be assessed.
12.1
NES 729
Part 1
RADIATION PASSES THROUGH ONE WALL ONLY

NUMBER OF
WALLS VIEWED
FOR ACCEPTANCE
PIPE
DIAMETER
NUMBER AND LOCATION OF IQIs
100mm up to but
not including
250mm
One IQI on the outside surface of the

pipe on the source side, along the
centre line of the pipe.
250mm and over
If the length to be inspected is less

than 125mm, one IQI. If over
125mm, two IQIs one at each
extremity of the area to be inspected
or one at the centre of the radiation
beam and one at an extremity of the
area to be inspected.
RADIATION PASSES THROUGH TWO WALLS

Under 100mm
1 or 2
One IQI on the outside surface of the

pipe on the source side along the
centre line of the pipe.
100mm up to but
not including
250mm
See Clause 2.d. The IQI is to lie along

the centre line of the pipe.
250mm and over
Two IQIs, one at each extremity of

the area to be inspected or one at the
centre of the radiation beam and one
at an extremity of the area to be
inspected.
TABLE 12.1 IQI LOCATION FOR CIRCUMFERENTIAL WELDS
12.2
NES 729
Part 1
13.
RADIOGRAPHY OF PIPE WELDS
13.1
Single-Wall Technique
a.
13.2
Double-Wall Single-Image Technique

a.
13.3
Exposures are to be made through a single-wall wherever practicable. The

radiation beam is to be directed at the centre of the weld and normal to the pipe
surface at that point. Additional beam directions may, however, be necessary to
detect weld fusion face defects. The SFD is to be based on the single-wall
thickness in accordance with FIGURE 3.2.
Exposures are made for the examination of the weld closest to the film. The
radiation beam is to be directed through the centre of the section being
examined and offset from the plane through the weld by the minimum distance
necessary to avoid superimposing images. The film is to be placed diametrically
opposite the radiation source in close contact with the weld. The SFD is to be
in accordance with Clause 6.10d. and FIGURE 3.2. The IQI sensitivity is to be
calculated relative to the single-wall thickness.
Double-Wall Double-Image Technique

a.
Exposures are made for the examination of both walls when double-wall
single-image exposures are not practicable. The centre line of the radiation
beam is to be directed through the centre of the pipe in the plane of the weld.
The source of radiation is to be offset only by the minimum amount necessary
to avoid superimposing images. The SFD is to be in accordance with
Clause 6.10d.(6) and TABLE 6.2. The IQI sensitivity is to be calculated relative
to the double-wall thickness. At least three exposures will be required to cover
a pipe butt joint in normal practice by this method.
b.
Offset is not to be employed in the radiography of consumable root inserts.
c.
Generally, for pipework radiography, the recommendations in BS 2910 are to

apply. Double-wall double-image exposures are to be restricted to pipes not
exceeding 90mm outside diameter unless otherwise specifically approved by
MOD(PE).
13.1
NES 729
Part 1
13.2
NES 729
Part 1
14.
WELDS WITH OVERLAY CLADDING

a.
Radiography is to be performed on the completed base metal weld prior to

cladding.
14.1
NES 729
Part 1
14.2
NES 729
Part 1
15.
SIMULTANEOUS EXPOSURES
a.
When a single film or series of films is exposed in a 360 degree radiation beam
on a single component, a minimum of one IQI is to be located in each quadrant.
If multiple components or parts are exposed simultaneously, at least one IQI is
to be required on each film plus, where relevant, additional IQIs as required by
Clause 11.5g.
15.1
NES 729
Part 1
15.2
NES 729
Part 1
16.
RADIOGRAPHY OF SMALL PARTS

a.
At the discretion of the MOD(PE) IQIs may not be required on each film when
radiographing small parts, or limited areas of larger parts, when location of the
IQI on the part would obscure part or all of the area of interest and where it
would not be practicable to place the IQI on a test section adjacent to the part.
However, an initial technique, shot, with the applicable IQI on the part, is to
demonstrate the specified IQI sensitivity. Subsequent exposure without an IQI
is to be made only if exposed in the same manner as the technique shot.
Whenever the arrangement is changed, additional technique shots are to be
made in proper sequence to ensure that the process is being properly controlled.
The technique shots are to accompany the subsequently exposed film when
presented for interpretation.
16.1
NES 729
Part 1
16.2
NES 729
Part 1
17.
RADIOGRAPHY OF REPAIR WELDS

a.
When weld repairs to welded joints and metallic materials including castings or
forgings have been made, weld repair details are to accompany the radiographs
when offered for review. The original radiographs of the previously defective
area are also to be made available for review with the final acceptance
radiographs.
17.1
NES 729
Part 1
17.2
NES 729
Part 1
18.
RADIOGRAPHY OF CASTINGS
a.
18.1
(1)
the classification of the casting and its unique identification;
(2)
Critical Test Regions and Test Regions in accordance with NES 745
Parts 1 and 2;
(3)
number of films and type;
(4)
location of each film on the casting;
(5)
location of markers;
(6)
location of radiation source including angle and source-to-film distances

relative to each film position;
(7)
voltage or isotope type and strength;
(8)
details of visible surface imperfections.
Techniques
a.
18.2
In addition to the information required in Clause 3.2i. and FIGURE 3.1, casting
radiographic reports are to include a suitable sketch or drawing which includes
the following information:
Radiography of Critical Test Regions is to be limited to single-wall techniques

unless this is demonstrated to be impracticable and a double-wall technique is
necessary. Test Regions may be examined by double-wall single-image and
double-wall double-image techniques. Defects shown by double-wall exposures
may require additional radiography to establish the severity of the defects
relative to single-wall thickness. For further guidance BS 4080 is to be
consulted.
Technique Shot Films

a.
The production of films on the first casting are to be used to demonstrate the
adequacy of the radiographic technique. The MOD(PE) or contractor as agreed
is to approve the procedure when satisfactory quality is obtained on all films and
the extent of coverage required by the applicable specification or drawings has
been obtained.
18.1
NES 729
Part 1
18.2
NES 729
Part 1
ANNEX A.
RELATED DOCUMENTS
A.1
The following documents and publications are referred to in this NES:

See Clause
BS 499
BS 2600
BS 2737
BS 2910
Welding terms and symbols
10.b.
Part 1: Glossary for welding, brazing and

thermal cutting
Radiographic examination of fusion welded 6.10b., 6.10d.
butt joints in steel
Part 1:
Methods for steel 2mm up to and
including 50mm thick
Part 2:
Methods for steel over 50mm up
to and including 200mm thick
Terminology of internal defects in castings 10.b.
as revealed by radiography
Methods for radiographic examination of
13.3c.
fusion welded circumferential butt joints in
steel pipes
BS 3683
Glossary of terms used in non-destructive

testing
Part 3:
Radiological flaw detection
B.1
BS 3971
Specification for image quality indicators

for industrial radiography (including
guidance on their use)
11.1a., 11.4a.
BS 4080
Methods for non-destructive testing of steel

castings
Image Quality Indicators of X-ray and
Gamma ray
Classification, Inspection Requirements
and Acceptance Standards for Castings
18.1a.
DIN 54109
NES 745
DG Ships/G/10000B
(NES 773*)
Part 1:
Copper and Nickel Alloy Castings
Part 2:
Steel Castings
Minimum Acceptance Standards for Welds

in HM Ships and Submarines
11.1a., 11.3a.
1.a., 4.a.,
18.a.
1.a., 4.a.
*In course of preparation. When published will supersede stated document.
A.1
ANNEX A.
NES 729
Part 1
ANNEX A.
A.2
NES 729
Part 1
ANNEX B.
DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS
B.1
Definitions contained in BS 499 Part 1 and BS 3683 Part 3 are to apply to the relevant
teems used in this NES. The following additional definitions are also to apply:
Maximum Effective Radiation
Source Dimension
The maximum source or focal dimension

projected on the centre of the radiographic
film.
Multiple Film Technique
A procedure in which two or more films of

the same or different speed with the
relevant intensifying screens are used in
the same film holder.
Material Thickness
The thickness of the material presented for

radiographic examination.
The Company, Organization, Establishment
or Naval Base that carries out the
radiographic examination within the scope
of this Part.
Examination Authority
B.1
ANNEX B.
NES 729
Part 1
ANNEX B.
B.2
NES 729
Part 1
ANNEX C.
PROCUREMENT CHECK LIST
Notes:
1.
This Check List is to ensure that certain aspects of this Naval Engineering
Standard are consulted when preparing a Statement of Technical
Requirements for a particular application.
Clauses where a preference for an option is to be used or where specific data is
to be added are included in the Check List.
List
Each item is to be marked either
2.
3.
= included
NA
= not applicable
CHECK
CHECK
No
1
Extent of radiographic examination
2
Standards for acceptance of defect indications
Heat treatment condition
CLAUSE No
! or NA
SCOPE 4.
B.1
0502
C.1
ANNEX C.
NES 729
Part 1
ANNEX C.
C.2
NES 729
Part 1
ALPHABETICAL INDEX
A
Acceptance standards, 1.1
Approval requirements
equipment, 3.3
personnel, 3.1
Audit, 3.1
C
Cassettes, 6.2
Castings, 4.1, 17.1
Conditions of issue, vi
Consumable root inserts, 12.1
Contents, ix
Contractual documents, 3.1
Critical test regions, 17.1
D
Darkroom facilities, 8.1
Definitions, B.1
Densitometers, 9.1
Diagnostic film length, 6.4
Direction of radiation, 6.1
Double-wall, double-image radiography, 6.3, 6.4, 11.2, 12.1
Double-wall, single-image radiography, 6.4, 11.2, 12.1
E
Effective source dimensions, 6.4
Equipment qualification, 3.3
Equipment used for radiographic interpretation, 9.1
Examination, extent of, iii, 2.1
Examining Authority, 3.1, B.1
Exposures, vii, 12.1, 14.1
INDEX.1
INDEX
NES 729
Part 1
F
Film
density, 6.2
identification, 6.5
quality, 6.1
type, 6.1
viewing, 9.1
Filmless techniques, 6.3
Films, technique shot, 17.1
Filters, 6.1, 6.2
Focus to film distance, 3.5, 6.3
Fogging, 6.1
G
Gamma-ray isotopes, 5.1
Gamma-rays, 3.6, 3.7, 6.1
Geometric image unsharpness (UG), 6.3
H
Health and safety, ii, vii
I
Image quality indicators (IQI), 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 11.1, 11.2
Image quality level, 6.1
Inspection, 2.1, 3.1
Interpretation, 10.1
IQI location, 11.2
Isotopes, 5.1
L
Location markers, 6.5
M
Marking welds, method, 10.2
Masking, 9.1
Material absorption, 3.1
Material grouping, qualification, 3.1
Material thickness, definition, B.1
Maximum effective radiation source dimension, B.1
Multiple-film techniques, 6.3, B.1
INDEX
INDEX.2
NES 729
Part 1
P
Personnel, qualification, 3.1
Pipe welds, 11.2, 12.1
Procedures, approval, 3.1
Procedure, standard radiographic, 3.4
Procurement check list, C.1
Q
Quality level, 6.1
R
Radiation, direction of, 6.1
Radiation sources, 5.1
Radiographic absorption, 3.1
Radiographic procedure, standard, 3.4
Radiographic records, 3.1
Radiographic sketch or drawing, 17.1
Radiographs, retention period, 7.1
Radiography of small parts, 15.1
Reapproval of radiographic procedure, 3.2
Register, 3.1
Related documents, A.1
Repair welds, 16.1
S
Safety, vii
Scope, iii
Screens, 6.1
Simultaneous exposures, 14.1
Single-wall, pipe welds, 12.1
Sketches, 10.1, 17.1
Small parts, 15.1
Source dimensions, 5.1
Source to film distance, 3.5, 6.3
Sources, gamma-ray, 5.1, 3.6, 3.7
Standards, acceptance, 1.1
Storage of radiographs and records, 7.1
Sub-contractor records, 7.1
Surface preparation, 4.1
INDEX.3
INDEX
NES 729
Part 1
T
Terminology, defects, 10.1
Test regions, 17.1
Thickness limitations, gamma-ray sources, 5.1
W
Welds
method of marking, 10.1, 10.2
pipe, 11.2, 12.1
repair, 16.1
with overlay cladding, 13.1
X
X-ray sources, 5.1
X-ray voltage, 3.6, 3.7, 5.1
INDEX
INDEX.4
Inside Rear Cover
Crown Copyright 2000

Copying Only as Agreed with DStan
Defence Standards are Published by and Obtainable from:

Defence Procurement Agency
An Executive Agency of The Ministry of Defence
Directorate of Standardization
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Tel 0141 224 2531/2
Fax 0141 224 2503
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File Reference
The DStan file reference relating to work on this standard is D/DStan/69/02/729.
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Revision of Defence Standards
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users of Defence Standards should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest issue or
amendment. Information on all Defence Standards is contained in Def Stan 00-00 Standards
for Defence Part 3 , Index of Standards for Defence Procurement Section 4 Index of Defence
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Ministry of Defence

Defence Standard 02-729 (NES 729)

Requirements For Non-Destructive

Incorporating NES 729 Category 2

Signature and Date

Naval Engineering Standard

REQUIREMENTS FOR NON-DESTRUCTIVE

This NES Supersedes

NAVAL ENGINEERING STANDARD 729

The issue and use of this Standard

It does not contain acceptance criteria for defects.

It is to be applied as required by any Procurement Executive, Ministry of Defence contract for

This NES comprises:

If it is found to be technically unsuitable for any particular requirement the Sponsor is to be

directly applicable to a particular contract are to be dealt with using existing

No alteration is to be made to this NES except by the issue of an authorized amendment.

MOD Tender or Contract Process

British Standards Institution,

Directorate of Standardization and Safety Policy,

Naval Engineering Standards

CSE3a, CSE Llangennech, Llanelli,

Tender or Contract Sponsor to advise.

Note: Tender or Contract Sponsor can advise in cases of difficulty.

Health and Safety

Radiographic exposures are to be made under protected conditions in accordance with

STORAGE OF RADIOGRAPHS AND

FILM VIEWING FACILITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

IMAGE QUALITY INDICATORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

RADIOGRAPHY OF PIPE WELDS . . . . . . . . . . . .

WELDS WITH OVERLAY CLADDING . . . . . . . .

RADIOGRAPHY OF SMALL PARTS . . . . . . . . . .

RADIOGRAPHY OF REPAIR WELDS . . . . . . . . .

DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS . . . . . . . .

PROCUREMENT CHECK LIST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

The standards for acceptance of defect indications detected by radiographic

Unless otherwise specified in the Contract, acceptance radiography is to be

The material thickness at final acceptance radiography is not to exceed the

The extent of radiographic examination is to be included in the Contract

The Examining Authority is to ensure that all personnel associated with

A register of approved personnel shall be kept by the Examining Authority.

MOD(PE) approval of radiographic procedures is to be obtained prior to

Separate procedures are to cover the requirements for the radiographic

Inspections to radiographic procedures are to be carried out by approved

Materials are to be grouped in accordance with TABLE 3.1. For materials

Carbon: low alloy, high alloy steels, including stainless steels:

Light metals; eg aluminium, magnesium, titanium alloys

TABLE 3.1 MATERIAL GROUPING FOR RADIOGRAPHIC PROCEDURES

Radiographic procedures are to reference all relevant documents, specifications

Radiographic procedures are to cover all pre-requisites and technical

type of production item, eg welds, castings etc;

method of marking radiographic and production items;

x-ray equipment information:

focal spot size,

tube voltage (expressed as kV),

tube current (expressed as mA);

type of film cassettes and type of film;

type and thickness of intensifying screens;

type of IQI, location and required film sensitivity;

(10) object to film distance FSD or FFD;

The radiographic procedure is to be reapproved in accordance with

there is a change in the type of isotope source used;

there is a change in the type of X-ray equipment used;

there is a change in the type of film;