Problem 8.

12
the following consolidation test data were
obtained from undisturb San Fransisco Bay
Mud. For this clay, LL= 88, pl=43,s= 2.7
Mg/m3 , and Wn = 105.7%. Initally, the
specimen height was 2.54 cm and its
volume was 75.14 cm3. Plot the data as
percent consolidation versus log pressure.
Evaluate the preconsolidation pressure
and the modified virgin compression
index.

Stress
(kPa)
0
5
10
20
40
80
160
320
640
160
40
5

SOLUTIO
N

_1
Stress (kPa)

_1vertical
= Strain
_/
/
precent consolidation

_2=/
1+ _
_=(_1+_2)/2

0
5
10
20
40
80
160
320
640
160
40
5

Dial
Reading
_v
(mm)
12.7 0.00%
12.352 1.37%
12.294 1.60%
12.131 2.24%
11.224 5.81%
9.053 14.36%
6.665 23.76%
4.272 33.18%
2.548 39.97%
2.951 38.38%
3.533 36.09%
4.35 32.87%

_1= _/_ =
((12.712.294))/25.4
= 0.0161 = 1.61
stress 10 kPa :
%
_2=/ 1+ _ =
((2.8552.793))/
(1+2.855)=0.016=1.6%
_=(1.61%+1.6 %)/2
= 1.6 %

3
2.8
2.6

Void2.4
Ratio (e)
2.2

Dial Reading
(mm)
12.7
12.352
12.294
12.131
11.224
9.053
6.665
4.272
2.548
2.951
3.533
4.35

e
2.855
2.802
2.793
2.769
2.631
2.301
1.939
1.576
1.314
1.375
1.464
1.589

_2 _

0.00%
1.37%
1.61%
2.23%
5.81%
14.37%
23.76%
33.18%
39.97%
38.39%
36.08%
32.84%

0.00%
1.37%
1.60%
2.24%
5.81%
14.36%
23.76%
33.18%
39.97%
38.39%
36.09%
32.86%

3
2.8
2.6

Void2.4
Ratio (e)
2.2
2
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1

10

pressure (kPa)

100

1000

200
100

1000

0%
5%

7.5%

10%
15%
20%

Vertical
25% Strain v
22%

30%
35%
40%
45%
0

10

pressure (kPa)

34

50

Value preconsolidation pressure

From the grafik, we plot preconsolidation pressure p is 34 kPa
_modified
=/(logvirgin
( _2/_1))
value
compression index
_=((227.5)%)/
(log( 200/50)) = 0.24

e
2.855
2.802
2.793
2.769
2.631
2.301
1.939
1.576
1.314
1.375
1.464
1.589

1000

1000

Problem 8.20
Plot the following void ratio versus pressure
data. and Evaluate the compression index
and recompression index. Determine the
preconsolidation stress.

Pressure
(kPa)

1.079
1.059
1.049
1.029
1.001
0.959
0.94
0.881
0.821
0.69
0.53
0.57
0.62
0.717

0
10
20
40
80
160
200
300
400
800
2000
500
160
20

1.1
1 1.09
0.9
0.8

Void ratio
(e)
0.75
0.7

0.65

0.6
0.54

0.5
0.4

10

p 100

215

1000

pressure (kPa)

Value preconsolidation pressure

From the grafik, we plot preconsolidation pressure p is 215 kPa
value compression index
_=/(log( _2/_1))

_=(1.090.65)/
(log( 1000/100)) = 0.44

value recompression index

_=/(log( _2/_1))

_=(0.750.54)/
(log( 1000/10)) = 0.105

10000

00

10000

Problem 9.14

Elapsed
Time
(minute)
0
0.25
1
2.25
4
6.25
9
12.25
16
20.25
25
30.25
36
42.25
60
100
200
400
1440
after taylor 1948

Table Converted Transducer Deformation Readings in 10 -4 in

1/8 to 1/4
0
9
14
19
23
26
30
32
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
44
47

1/4 to 1/2
47
63
75
82
92
101
108
114
119
123
126
128
130
133
134
137
141
144
149

Loading Increment (kg/cm2)

1/2 to 1
1 to 2
2 to 4
149
385
1343
179
422
1392
196
464
1435
214
506
1489
233
555
1539
251
604
1595
267
653
1646
281
701
1700
290
745
1750
297
799
1800
303
830
1844
310
874
1887
314
906
1921
938
1951
326
1006
2013
335
1103
2078
350
1203
2121
365
1258
2150
385
1343
2201

Solution

(a). Use a spreadsheet to plot the e versus log and/or the e versus log curve for th
Determine the preconsolidation stress and the appropriate compression index
step 1 determine initial void ratio (e o)
_=( )/( )=
/

=( )/( ) = / = (343.57 )/(2.65 /^3 ) =

(343.57 )/(2.65 10 ^6 /^3 ) = 1.2964 x

10 ^(4)
^3 =
7.87 ^3
=
=area
x height=93,31
cm^2 x 1.254 in =14.46 in^2 x 1.254 in

=18.133 in^3
==18.133 7.87=10.263 in^3

_= / = 10.263/7.87
= 1.304
step 2 determine strain
= _/ = (

)/( ) x100%

(* *

step 3 determine void ratio each loading increment

=/ 1+ _
so , = ( 1+ _)
=_
(

1+in
_)4
(* *calculation will be describe in the following table
step

(* *

step 4 Table analyse

based on problem, we know height of specimen is 1.254 in
1.254
1.238
eo =

when under 1/8

when under 1/2 (***
1.304

(*** : initial height minus deformation under1/2 kg/cm2 = 1.254 in - 149x10-4 in = 1.238 in

Loading Increment
(kg/cm2)
1/8
1/4
1/2
1
2
4
8
16

kPa
12.26
24.52
49.04
98.08
196.16
392.32
784.64
1569.28

Deformation Reading (in

10-4 inchi)

Strain () %

Void Ratio
(e)

0
47
149
385
1343
2201
2902
3534

0.00%
0.37%
1.19%
3.07%
10.71%
17.55%
23.14%
28.18%

1.304
1.295
1.277
1.233
1.057
0.900
0.771
0.655

step 5 determine curve e versus ' , plot preconsolidation curve and index compression

1.34

1.400
1.300
1.200

1.04
Void Ratio (e)

1.100
1.000
0.900
0.800
0.700
0.600
10

70 105

200

100

1000

Vertical Stress s' (kPa)

Value preconsolidation pressure

From the grafik, we plot preconsolidation pressure p is 105 kPa
Value compression index
_=/(log( _2/_1))
_=(1.341.04)/
(log( 200/70)) = 0.658
value modified virgin compression index
_=/ 1+ _ = 0.658/(1+1.304)
= 0.285

(b) Use a spreadsheet to plot dial reading versus (t)1/2 for each increment and determi
Plot cv versus log .
Dial reading (in)
Elapsed

Time
()
1/8 to 1/4
(minute)
0
0
1.254
0.25
0.5
1.2531
1
1
1.2526
2.25
1.5
1.2521
4
2
1.2517
6.25
2.5
1.2514
9
3
1.251
12.25
3.5
1.2508
16
4
1.2506
20.25
4.5
1.2505
25
5
1.2504
30.25
5.5
1.2503
36
6
1.2502
42.25
6.5
1.2501
60
7.745967
1.25
100
10
1.2499
200
14.14214
1.2498
400
20
1.2496
1440
37.94733
1.2493

1/4 to 1/2
1.2493
1.2477
1.2465
1.2458
1.2448
1.2439
1.2432
1.2426
1.2421
1.2417
1.2414
1.2412
1.241
1.2407
1.2406
1.2403
1.2399
1.2396
1.2391

Loading Increment (kg/cm2)

1/2 to 1
1 to 2
2 to 4
1.2391
1.2155
1.1197
1.2361
1.2118
1.1148
1.2344
1.2076
1.1105
1.2326
1.2034
1.1051
1.2307
1.1985
1.1001
1.2289
1.1936
1.0945
1.2273
1.1887
1.0894
1.2259
1.1839
1.084
1.225
1.1795
1.079
1.2243
1.1741
1.074
1.2237
1.171
1.0696
1.223
1.1666
1.0653
1.2226
1.1634
1.0619
1.222
1.1602
1.0589
1.2214
1.1534
1.0527
1.2205
1.1437
1.0462
1.219
1.1337
1.0419
1.2175
1.1282
1.039
1.2155
1.1197
1.0339

Time rate reading for loading increment 1/8 to 1/4 (kg/cm2)

1.255

t50

1.254
1.253
1.252

U 90

1.251

dial reading (in)

1.25

1.249
1.248
1.247
1.246

t900
1

10

( )

15

20

25

30

35

Calculation Cv

=_90=0.848
_^2 , we need average height of specimen
during load incremen
H=1.254
_in
_90(1 )=1min

_=(
_^2)/_90
_=(0.848 0.622 ^2
)/(1 )
_=0.328 ^2/

Time rate reading for loading increment 1/4 to 1/2 (kg/cm2)

1.252

t50

1.25

=_90=0.848
_^2 , we need average height of specimen during
load incremen
H=1.254 0.0047=1.249
_in
_90(3.9 )=15.21min

1.248
1.246
1.244

dial reading (in)

1.242

U 90

1.24
1.238
1.236
1.234

t90
5
3.9

10

( )

15

20

25

30

35

30

35

Time rate reading for loading increment 1/2 to 1 (kg/cm2)

1.245

t50

1.24
1.235
1.23
1.225

dial reading
(in)
1.22

U90

1.215
1.21
1.205
1.2

t90
4.1

10

15

20

25

( )

Time rate reading for loading increment 1 to 2 (kg/cm2)

1.24

t50

1.22
1.2
1.18
1.16

dial reading (in)

1.14
1.12
1.1

U90

1.22
1.2
1.18
1.16

dial reading (in)

1.14

U90

1.12
1.1
1.08
1.06

10
t90

8.5 ( )

15

20

25

30

35

30

35

30

35

Time rate reading for loading increment 2 to 4 (kg/cm2)

1.14

t50

1.12
1.1
1.08
1.06
dial reading
(in)
1.04

U 90

1.02
1
0.98

t90
10
( )
7.8

15

20

25

Time rate reading for loading increment 4 to 8 (kg/cm2)

1.26

t50

1.24
1.22
1.2
dial reading
(in)
1.18

U90

1.16
1.14

5
10
t90

( )
6

15

20

25

Time rate reading for loading increment 8 to 16 (kg/cm2)

1.26
1.24
1.22
1.2
dial reading
(in)

t50

1.26

t50

1.24
1.22
1.2
dial reading
(in)
1.18

U90

1.16
1.14

t90 5
4.9

10

15

( )

t90
min

Loading increment
kg/cm2

0.125
0.25
0.5
1
2
4
8

20

H
in

1
15.21
16.81
72.25
60.84
36
24.01

25

Hdr
in
1.254
1.2493
1.2391
1.2155
1.1197
1.254
1.2542

0.627
0.62465
0.61955
0.60775
0.55985
0.627
0.6271

30

35

Cv
in2/min
0.333373
0.021754
0.019363
0.004335
0.004369
0.00926
0.013889

0.4
0.35
0.3
0.25

Cv

0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0

Stress Pressure (kg/cm2)

)
4 to 8
0
53
101
154
204
259
309
357
399
440
470
498
525
575
604
629
654
701

8 to 16
-2
60
115
169
227
278
332
372
410
442
464
498
532
563
582
601
632

og curve for this test.

on index

dex compression

10000

ment and determine cv.

)
4 to 8
1.254
1.2487
1.2439
1.2386
1.2336
1.2281
1.2231
1.2183
1.2141
1.21
1.207
1.2042
1.2015
1.199
1.1965
1.1936
1.1911
1.1886
1.1839

35

8 to 16
1.2542
1.248
1.2425
1.2371
1.2313
1.2262
1.2208
1.2168
1.213
1.2098
1.2076
1.2059
1.2042
1.2025
1.2008
1.1977
1.1958
1.1939
1.1908

40

of specimen

imen during

35

40

35

40

35

40

35

40

35

40

35

40

Problem 9.15

Table P9.15 Consolidation Test Data

Temp. (oC)