DAFTAR ISI

Halaman
SAMPUL DALAM............................................................................................ i
PERSETUJUAN PEMBIMBING.................................................................... ii
PENETAPAN PANITIA PENGUJI................................................................. iii
PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN PENELITIAN.................................................. iv
ABSTRAK......................................................................................................... v
ABSTRACT....................................................................................................... vi
RINGKASAN.................................................................................................... vii
SUMMARY........................................................................................................ viii
KATA PENGANTAR........................................................................................ ix
DAFTAR ISI...................................................................................................... x
DAFTAR TABEL.............................................................................................. xiv
DAFTAR GAMBAR......................................................................................... xv
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN..................................................................................... xvi
BAB I PENDAHULUAN................................................................................. 1
1.1

Latar Belakang.................................................................................... 1

1.2

Rumusan Masalah............................................................................... 3

1.3

Tujuan Penelitian................................................................................ 4
1.3.1 Tujuan Umum........................................................................... 5
1.3.2 Tujuan Khusus........................................................................... 5

1.4

Manfaat Penelitian.............................................................................. 6
1.4.1 Manfaat Teoritis........................................................................ 6
1.4.2 Manfaat Praktis......................................................................... 6

BAB II

TINJAUAN PUSTAKA.................................................................... 8

2.1

Definisi Hipertensi.............................................................................. 8

2.2

Klasifikasi........................................................................................... 9
2.2.1 Klasifikasi Berdasarkan Penyebab............................................ 9
2.2.2 Klasifikasi Berdasarkan Derajat Penyakitnya........................... 11
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2.3

Patofisiologi........................................................................................ 12

2.4

Tanda dan Gejala Klinis..................................................................... 14

2.5

Diagnosis............................................................................................ 14

2.6

Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Hipertensi....................... 16

2.6.1 Keturunan (Genetik).................................................................. 16
2.6.2 Jenis Kelamin............................................................................ 17
2.6.3 Ras/Etnis................................................................................... 18
2.6.4 Usia........................................................................................... 19
2.6.5 Kegemukan (Obesitas).............................................................. 20
2.6.6 Kurang Berolah Raga atau Aktivitas......................................... 23
2.6.7 Merokok.................................................................................... 26
2.6.8 Konsumsi Alkohol Berlebih...................................................... 29
2.6.9 Tingkat Stress............................................................................ 30
2.6.10 Pola Makan.............................................................................. 32

2.7

Penatalaksanaan.................................................................................. 33
2.7.1 Tujuan Terapi............................................................................ 34
2.7.2 Terapi Non Farmakologis.......................................................... 34
2.7.3 Terapi Farmakologis.................................................................. 36

2.8

Komplikasi.......................................................................................... 38

2.8

Prognosis............................................................................................ 40

BAB III KERANGKA TEORI, KONSEP,

DAN HIPOTESIS PENELITIAN................................................... 41
3.1

Kerangka Teori................................................................................... 41

3.2

Konsep Penelitian............................................................................... 42

3.3

Hipotesis Penelitian............................................................................ 44

BAB IV METODE PENELITIAN................................................................. 45

4.1

Rancangan Penelitian......................................................................... 45

4.2

Tempat dan Waktu Penelitian............................................................. 45

4.2.1 Tempat....................................................................................... 45
4.2.2 Waktu........................................................................................ 45

4.3

Populasi dan Sampel........................................................................... 46

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4.3.1 Variabilitas Populasi.................................................................. 46

4.3.2 Kriteria Sampel......................................................................... 46
4.3.3 Besaran Sampel......................................................................... 47
4.3.4 Teknik Penentuan Sampel......................................................... 48
4.4

Variabel............................................................................................... 49
4.4.1 Identifikasi Variabel.................................................................. 49
4.4.2 Definisi Operasional Variabel................................................... 49

4.5

Bahan dan Instrumen Penelitian......................................................... 55

4.6

Protokol Penelitian............................................................................. 56
4.6.1 Persiapan Penelitian.................................................................. 56
4.6.2 Pelaksanaan Penelitian.............................................................. 57
4.6.3 Alur Penelitian.......................................................................... 57

4.7

Pengumpulan Data.............................................................................. 58
4.7.1 Data Primer............................................................................... 58
4.7.1 Data Sekunder........................................................................... 59

4.8

Pengelolaan Data................................................................................ 60
4.8.1 Editing Data.............................................................................. 60
4.8.2 Coding Data.............................................................................. 60
4.8.3 Data Structure dan Data File.................................................... 61
4.8.4 Entry Data................................................................................. 61
4.8.5 Cleaning.................................................................................... 62

4.9

Analisis Data....................................................................................... 62
4.9.1 Analisis Univariat...................................................................... 62
4.9.2 Analisis Bivariat........................................................................ 62

4.10 Kelemahan Penelitian......................................................................... 63

BAB V

HASIL PENELITIAN...................................................................... 64

5.1

Gambaran Umum Wilayah Kerja UPT Puskesmas Petang I.............. 64

5.1.1 Geografis................................................................................... 64
5.1.2 Sosiodemografis........................................................................ 65

5.2

Analisis Univariat............................................................................... 65
5.2.1 Karakteristik Responden........................................................... 65
5.2.2 Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan Hiperensi.................. 66
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5.3

Analisis Bivariat................................................................................. 69
5.3.1 Hubungan Antara

Jenis Kelamin

Dengan Kejadian

Hipertensi
69
...................................................................................................
71
5.3.2 Hubungan Antara Genetik Dengan Kejadian Hipertensi
...................................................................................................
72
5.3.3 Hubungan Antara Obesitas Kejadian Hipertensi....................... 53
5.3.4 Hubungan Antara Olah Raga Dengan Kejadian Hipertensi 74
...................................................................................................
75
5.3.5 Hubungan Antara Merokok Dengan Kejadian Hipertensi......... 57
5.3.6 Hubungan Antara

Konsumsi Alkohol Dengan Kejadian

Hipertensi
77
...................................................................................................
5.3.7 Hubungan Antara

Tingkat Stress

Dengan Kejadian

Hipertensi
78
...................................................................................................
BAB VI PEMBAHASAN................................................................................ 81
6.1

Keterbatasan Penelitian...................................................................... 81
6.1.1 Desain Penelitian....................................................................... 81
6.1.2 Ketepatan Diagnosis Penyakit................................................... 81
6.1.3 Recall Bias................................................................................ 82
6.1.4 Bias Pewawancara..................................................................... 82

6.2

Gambaran Kejadian Hipertensi Pada Lansia di Puskesmas Petang I. 83

6.3

Hubungan Antara Jenis Kelamin Dengan Hipertensi......................... 85

6.4

Hubungan Antara Genetik Dengan Hipertensi................................... 88

6.5

Hubungan Antara Obesitas Dengan Hipertensi.................................. 91

6.6

Hubungan Antara Olah Raga Dengan Hipertensi............................... 94

6.7

Hubungan Antara Merokok Dengan Hipertensi................................. 96

6.8

Hubungan Antara Konsumsi Alkohol Dengan Hipertensi.................. 99

6.9

Hubungan Antara Tingkat Stress Dengan Hipertensi......................... 101

BAB VII SIMPULAN DAN SARAN.............................................................. 105

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7.1

Simpulan............................................................................................. 105

6.2

Saran................................................................................................... 106

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................ 109

LAMPIRAN....................................................................................................... 114

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