Mastering English
through Global Debate
UNIT 1
Pre-Reading
Introducing the Issue
A. Answers may vary
B. Possible answer: Being environmentally friendly
versus earning money
C. Possible answer: Isit more important to save the
environment or earn money?
D. Answers may vary
Creating Mind Maps
A. Answers may vary
B. Possible intersecting topics: resources, goals,
challenges
Discussing Facts and Opinions
A. Match statements with either Democrats or
Republicans
1. Economic prosperity . . . Republicans (put
the economy first and everything else will
fall in place)
2. It is our . . . Democrats (emphasis on
environment)
3. People who . . . Republicans (private land
owners, not governments, know best how to
protect their land)
4. The health of . . . Democrats (everything
depends on the environment)
5. We fight to . . . Democrats (protect the
environment)
6. We reject the . . . Democrats or Republicans (healthy economy doesnt equal bad
environment)
B. Answers may vary
2. Realists
a. The state of the economy is a more pressing threat than the environment.
b. Sustained economic growth raises people
out of poverty.
c. A strong economy allows governments to
spend money on the environment.
3. Skeptics
a. Opposed to the environmental movement
as a whole.
b. Deny existence of climate change and its
impact.
Checking Comprehension
A. Comprehension check
1. d
2. c
3. b
4. d (though not all environmentalists would
agree with a)
5. c
6. a
7. a or c
B. Possible answers:
1. . . . dams, power lines, roads, and oil and gas
pipelines.
2. . . . wedo not inherit the earth from our
ancestors, weborrow it from our children.
3. . . . the gas company Royal Dutch Shell,
which has operated in the Niger Delta for
decades. Frequent oil spills wreak havoc
on surrounding water systems, damaging
important fish breeding grounds and making surviving fish unsuitable for human
consumption.
4. . . . the effects of joblessness and poverty and
the resulting social ramifications are evident
now.
5. . . . ageneral belief that environmental protection is important, but the economy is the
major concern.
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Mastering Vocabulary
Expanding Vocabulary
A. Answers may vary
B. Fill in the blanks
1. oil spill
2. create jobs
3. mutually exclusive
4. nonrenewable resources
5. foreseeable future
6. employment opportunities
7. pose a problem
8. generate revenue
9. tangible benefits
C. COCA
1. (c)income
2. (a)impact
3. (c)resources
4. (c)reform
5. (b)costs
6. (d)danger
7. (d)challenges
8. (b)issues
9. (d)regulation
10. (a)energy
D. Possible answers:
1. Logging creates economic opportunities
and leads to an increase in farmers annual
income.
2. The Amazon provides unique challenges for
farmers desperate for space to plant soybeans in Brazil.
3. Cutting down trees in the Amazon has a
devastating impact on the environment.
4. Lax logging regulations need to be changed
because the Amazon is necessary to keep the
air clean.
5. Trees are preventing access to non-
renewable resources that could provide the
country with money to preserve the environment in the future.
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Forming Hypotheses
A. Possible answer:
The Chinese decision to focus on the environment is as important as the Soviet Unions launch
of Sputnik in 1957.
B. Possible answers:
1. If China decides to go green, the world will
buy its energy-efficient supplies from them.
2. When China decides to go green, they may
take over the sales of all environmentally
friendly merchandise.
3. If China attempts to achieve its goal, itcould
face challenges regarding funding.
4. When China goes green, other countries
may be persuaded to follow suit.
Listening
Answers may vary. See transcripts.
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UNIT 2
Pre-Reading
Introducing the Issue
A. Answers may vary
B. Possible answer: Establishing Representative
Government or Subjugating Other Countries
C. Possible answers:
1. Spreading democracy and breaching sovereignty seem to go hand in hand because,
inorder to impose a government on another
country, you would need to take away their
independence to a certain degree.
2. These processes seem to contradict one
another because not all countries want to
have a democratic system of government,
and yet by spreading it you are possibly taking away from their autonomy.
D. Answers may vary
Creating Mind Maps
A. Answers may vary
B. Possible intersecting topics: imports, exports,
resources
Discussing Facts and Opinions
A. Possible answers: justice, commerce, friendship
with all nations, entangling alliances, impose
will, peace, prosperity
B. Answers may vary
1. (Jefferson) The United States will be on good
terms with all countries but will not make
alliances that require them to act in a certain
way.
2. (Kennedy) The United States cannot fix the
problems of every other nation in the world
and therefore should not try to fix every
wrong of the other 94 percent of the world.
3. (Clinton) The United States should be
actively involved in righting the wrongs of
other countries in order to keep the United
States on the right track.
Mastering Vocabulary
Expanding Vocabulary
A. Answers may vary
B. Prepositions
1. on
2. to
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3. to
4. against
5. to or for
C. Fill in the blanks
1. fundamental right
2. independence
3. atrocities
4. international alliance
5. vital interests
6. territorial integrity
7. armed forces
8. regime change
9. civil war
10. intervention
D. COCA
1. adopt, pass, authorize
2. form, build, join
3. implement, require, target
4. commit, prevent, accuse
5. promote, restore, establish
6. commit, occurred, perpetrated
7. maintain, preserve, protect
8. declare, gain, achieve
9. end, fought, erupt
10. serve, ordered, occupied
E. Possible answers:
1. The senate passed the resolution to invade
Libya.
2. Everyone has to serve in the armed forces
for two years to protect our country.
3. It is not difficult to maintain the territorial
integrity of my country.
4. The people of my country support promoting democracy around the world.
5. My country declared independence only a
few years ago.
Exploring the Meaning
A. Possible answers:
Positive: human rights, toprevent genocide,
torespect territorial integrity
Context-Dependent: breach sovereignty,
regime change, to be biased against, moral, legal,
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Forming Hypotheses
A. Study quotation
B. Possible answers:
1. If the United Nations were disbanded now,
the twenty-first century would be significantly impacted.
2. If the United Nations were disbanded, there
would be no one to coordinate peacekeeping
missions.
3. If the United Nations were disbanded now,
then the United States could become the
force that assumes their prior role.
Listening
Answers may vary. See transcripts.
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C. Possible answers:
1. Wouldnt you agree that upholding morality,
defined as conformity to rules regarding
appropriate conduct and moral character,
could provide justification for intervention?
2. How can you stand by and allow a country
to commit atrocities and deny people their
basic fundamental rights, universally defined
as basic human entitlements?
D. Possible answers:
1. Side Adefinition: Upholding morality,
defined as conformity to rules regarding
appropriate conduct and moral character,
isreason enough to warrant intervention.
2. Side B definition: Morality cannot be so
narrowly defined because it is the responsibility of the citizens of each nation to define
it for themselves. What one nation might
condemn as a crime, another might not.
UNIT 3
Pre-Reading
Introducing the Issue
A. Answers may vary
B. Answers may vary
C. Answers may vary
D. Possible answers:
1. Based on Language Note 1, Ibelieve that
self-reliance is closer to my personal view
because I believe that if you work hard you
deserve more than those who are not willing
to work hard.
E. Possible answers:
1. Watch out for the space between the platform and the train.
2. Beware of the increasing difference between
the incomes of the wealthy and the poor.
F. Answers may vary
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Checking Comprehension
A. Multiple choice
1. c
2. a
3. a
4. c or d
5. a
6. b
7. b
Mastering Vocabulary
Expanding Vocabulary
A. Answers may vary
B. Matching
1. wealth redistribution
2. economic discrepancy
3. universal health care
4. safe working conditions
5. safety net
6. socially just
7. equal opportunities
8. public services
9. government subsidies
10. progressive income tax
C. One of these items doesnt fit
1. social strata
2. taxes
3. tax rates
4. hierarchy
5. living on the dole
D. COCA
1. promises, pay, picketing
2. engaged, sparked
3. continue, providing, rely
4. provide, protect
5. enjoy, maintain, lower
E. Possible answers:
1. The lower classes often campaign for fair
wages to no avail.
2. Disabled and elderly people rely on the government providing public services.
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4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
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Listening
Answers may vary. See transcripts.
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UNIT 4
Pre-Reading
Introducing the Issue
A. Answers may vary
B. Answers may vary
C. Possible answer: Based on Language Note 1,
Ibelieve that the title refers to the debate of
whether or not immigrants add to or take away
from the value of a country. Working immigrants
might add value to a country economically.
Inferences about
Americas core values
James
Madison
Advanced population,
agriculture, and arts
Settlement and
prosperity
LyndonB.
Johnson
Cultural diversity
GeorgeW.
Bush
Barack
Obama
Entrepreneurial spirit
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Mastering Vocabulary
Expanding Vocabulary
A. Answers may vary
B. Possible answers:
1. illegal, reform, policy
2. education, rights, American
3. characteristics, variables, information
4. democratic, education, party
5. cultural, ethnic, racial
6. passed, congress, federal
7. across, patrol, Mexican
8. American, language, dominant
9. process, cultural, American
10. equal, provide, employment
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C. Possible answers:
1. Arizona is justified in passing legislation
requiring that immigrants carry documents
to prove they are legal.
2. This new law will hopefully prevent so many
people from coming across the border
illegally.
D. Fill in the blank
1. illegal aliens
2. borders
3. enactment
4. permanent residency
5. opportunity
6. diversity
7. law
8. Public opinion
9. suspicion
10. price
E. Answers may vary
F. Study Language Note 2
G. Adapt versus Adopt
1. adapt
2. Adopting, adapted
3. adapt
4. adopt, adapt
5. Adapting
Exploring the Meaning
A. Possible answers:
1. Anna resisted assimilation because she
valued her Mexican heritage.
2. There are an increasing number of illegal
aliens in our country every year.
3. Jose decided to try his luck at obtaining a
green card though he knew it would not be
easy.
4. Border officials check documents of travelers in order to make sure that they are
allowed to enter.
5. Some people believe that immigrants will
benefit the workforce, but they refuse to
believe that immigration comes at a great
price.
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Listening
Answers may vary. See transcripts.
16
UNIT 5
Pre-Reading
Introducing the Issue
A. Answers may vary
B. Possible answer: Based on Language Note 1, security and freedom seem complimentary in that
freedom implies there is no unlawful enslavement
or abuse of citizens; therefore, that country is a
safe place to live. However, these terms might also
be considered contradictory in that sometimes
you may need to take away certain freedoms in
order to ensure the security and safety ofall.
C. Answers may vary
D. Answers may vary
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Mastering Vocabulary
Expanding Vocabulary
A. Answers may vary
B. COCA
1. (b)leave
2. (b)usher
3. (a)clean
4. (c)pretend
5. (d)handle
6. (a)spin
7. (c)engage
8. (d)do
9. (c)enter
10. (b)emulate
C. Fill in the blanks
1. spark
2. tighten
3. violate
4. conduct
5. defend
6. set
D. Possible answers:
1. Access to personal information may help
deter crimes.
2. Infringing on the right to privacy may lead
to further abuses of rights.
E. Matching
1. d
2. g
3. i
4. b
5. a
6. c
7. e
8. f
9. h
10. j
F. access versus assess
1. access
2. assess
3. access
4. assess
5. assess, access
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5.
6.
7.
8.
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Listening
Answers may vary. See transcripts.
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C. Possible answers:
1. Imagine our future if police continue to conduct random searches and monitor personal
correspondence.
2. If the practice of ignoring personal freedom
continues, there will be chaos and citizens
will cease to support and uphold government officials.
D. Possible answers:
1. Side A: Consider the grim picture of what
life would be like if we lived in a nation that
valued security above all else at the expense
of personal freedom.
2. Side B: One of the main responsibilities of
government is to protect people. Imagine
what our lives would be like if leaders did
not take this responsibility seriously.
UNIT 6
Pre-Reading
Introducing the Issue
A. Answers may vary
B. Answers may vary
C. Answers may vary
D. Answers may vary
E. Answers may vary
Creating Mind Maps
A. Answers may vary
B. Possible intersecting topics: success, networking,
power, salary
Discussing Facts and Opinions
A. Answers may vary
B. Possible answers:
1. The most important single ingredient in the
formula of success is knowing how to get
along with people.
2. The thermometer of success is merely
thejealousy of the malcontents.
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Mastering Vocabulary
Expanding Vocabulary
A. Answers may vary
B. COCA
1. earn, receive, obtain
2. based, rests, operating
3. provide, receive, reap
4. achieve, depends, enjoy
5. gain, maintain, lose
6. take, gain, give
7. includes, denied, gain
8. reduce, compared, decrease
9. made, monitor, track
10. added, place, appreciate
C. Possible answers:
1. In order to achieve success, itis important
to have an advanced degree to set you apart
from other applicants.
2. You will likely receive more financial benefits and get a head start if you enter the
workforce as quickly as possible, soyou can
earn money while others are still spending
money on useless degrees.
D. Fill in the blanks
1. high school diploma
2. based on the assumption
3. well-paid workers
4. academic qualification
5. prestigious schools or high-ranking
institutions
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7.
8.
9.
10.
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Listening
Answers may vary. See transcript.
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