. Mathematical Excalibur Olympiad Corner Below are the problems of the North Korean Team Selection Test for IMO 2013. Problem 1, The incircle of a non-isosceles triangle ABC with the center Jtouches the sides BC, CA, AB at Aj, By, C; respectively. The line AL meets the citcumeircle of ABC at Ap The line B\C; meets the line BC at As and the line AeA; meets the circum- circle of ABC at Ay (#A,). Define Bs, Cs similarly. Prove that the lines A4y, BB, CC, are concurrent. Problem 2. Let a), a,..., a; be numbers such that a,€ {0,1,2.3}, #1 to kand == (x, Xpr--ai)s be a base 4 expansion of = € {0, 1,2, ..., 441}. Define 4 as follows’ 0, 1}, where : Dana Prove that || is a power of 2. ([X] denotes the number of elements in 1. A(z |p PE Problem 3. Find all a,4,c€Z, ¢ > 0 such that (a’+2")) b!-Fe for all positive integers nn, where 2ab is non-square. Problem 4. Positive integers | to 9 are ‘written in each square of a 3x3 table. Let us define an operation as follows: Take an arbitrary row or column and replace these numbers a, 6, ¢ with either non-negative numbers a-x, b-x, etx or atx, bx, x, where x is a positive number and ean vary in each operation. 1) Does there exist a series of operations such that all 9 numbers tum out to be equal fiom the following initial anangement a), b)? 1[2]3 2[8[5 4 {slo 9[3[4 71819 6 |7}1 a) v) 2) Determine the maximum value which all 9 numbers tum out to be equal to after some steps. Problem S. The incircle © of a quadrilateral ABCD touches 4B, BC, CD. DA at E, F, G, H, respectively Choose an arbitrary point XY on the segment AC inside @. The segments XB, XD meet o at I, J respectively. Prove that FJ, JG, AC are concurrent Problem 6. Show that x*+x+a"=)" has at least one pair of positive integer solution (x,y) for each positive integer a