Historical Aspect

of
Blood Banking
Blood
> mysterious fascination
> traditional: living force of the body
> Ancient Egyptians – bathed in blood to resuscitate the
sick and rejuvenate the incapacitated
> Ancient Rome – (aristocrats) drank it for rejuvenation
and disease treatment
> Author / Playwrights – used as themes
> Modern Man – transfusion / transfuses it
1492 – 1st transfusion to POPE INNOCENT VII, but died

1615 – blood transfusion advocate by ADREAS LIBAVIUS

direct transfusion
1665 – direct blood transfusion in dogs by RICHARD LOWER from
vein to artery (silver cannulate)
1667 – JEAN DENIS physician to LOUS XIV transfused a small
amount of blood from young lamb to young man
1795 – DR. PHILIP SYNG, a physician of Philadelphia
1818 – JAMES BLUNDELL combat fetal hemorrhage “English
Obstetrician”

Problem : CLOTTING OF BLOOD

1869 – BRAXTON HICKS recommended sodium phosphate

1901 – KARL LANDSTEINER discovered the ABO blood groups and

explain serious reactions to incompatible transfusion
EDWARD LINDERMANN 1st to succeed vein to vein transfusion
UNGER designed syringe value apparatus

1914 – HUSTIN sodium citrate and glucose as a diluent and

anticoagulant solution for transfusion
1915 - RICHARD LEWISOHN determine the minimum amount of
anticoagulant and demonstration of non-toxicity on
small amount of Sodium Citrate
1916 – FRANCES PEYTON ROUS and JR TURNER introduce citrate
dextrose solution for blood preservation
note: established in Britain during WWI

RICHARD WEIL - demonstrate the feasibility of refrigerated

storage of anticoagulated blood
WWII – increase demand of blood and plasma
CHARLES R. DREW – develop improve technique for blood
storage and preservation
- develop large scale Blood Bank in WWII
Feb. 1941 - appointed as director of American Red
Cross Blood Bank at Presbyterian Hospital

1943 – J.F. LOUTIT and PATRICK L. MOLLISON of ENGLAND

introduced ACD (acid Citrate Dextrose)
1947 – blood banks were built
During the WAR
> Oswald Robertson Medical Reserve and Army officer estab. BB

> Univ. of Luoisville create BB

> Mid 1930's - Soviet Union set up 60 large blood centers

and more than 500 subsidiary ones “storing”
canned blood and shipping it to all corners of
the country.

> 1937 – Bernard Fantus, director of therapuetics at the

Cork Country Hosp. In Chicago – estab. 1st Hosp. BB in the US

> 1939 - Philip Levine and R.E. Stetson discovered Rh system

> 1940 - Willem Johon Kolff – organized the 1st BB in Europe

1957 – GIBSON introduced CPD (Citrate Phosphate Dextrose)

was less acidic than ACD
 1979 - CPDA -1 was introduced
- new solution was added : Adenine
----- keep blood for 42 days

1980 - Carl Walter and W. P. Murphy, introduced the plastic bag

collection
 Massive blood transfusion
Problem
Cardiac Overload

Solution COMPONENT THERAPY

“To the man with insight,

it is all clear;

to the well-informed,

it is all plain.”

Proverbs 8:9