6.

4 Utility
Utility is an integral part of the plant. Plant couldnt be operated if theres no utilities to
support its production process. In our plant, the utilities consists of water, electricity, and fuel.
Water is a utility needed both for the main process and to support the process. Electricity is the
utility needed by process equipment to do its function. Without electricity, there wont be any
processes. Fuel is needed for some equipment that consume it to do work.
6.4.1 Water Utility
In general, water needs in the plant can be divided into several categories according to its
application. Each application have its own requirement and properties, such as temperature and
quality. The use of water in the plant consist of:
-

Water for main process in the reactor

Water for cooling stream
Steam
Water for domestic use
To fulfill the water demand, we will divide its application in two categories, for domestic

and for non-domestic use. For domestic use, water will be provided by PDAM XXXXXX. For
non-domestic use, we will use the water from XXXX river. The water from river needs to be
pretreated before used to maintain the utility equipment in a good condition. Before water from
river goes into the tank, it must through screening to remove dirt with partition the conduct the
water treatment.
6.4.1.1 Water for Main Process
There are two use of water in our main process such as, to be a filler of the reactor jacket,
and a washing agent in washing machine two. The amount of water needed is shown in table
belom
Table 6.1 Water Needs for Main Process

No
1
2
3

Main process

Flowrate
(kg/h)

Volume rate
(m3/h)

Volume rate
(m3/day)

1.693862

40.65269

Reactor
Washing 2
Evaporator
Total

(Source: Private Data, 2015)

6.4.1.2 Cooling Water Utility

Water for cooling is used by heat exchanger to cool the hot stream in this plant. To calculate the
water needed, we can use the equation
Q=m .C p . T
Table 6.2 Cooling Water Streams

No

Stream
In

Stream
Out

Supply
Temperature
Ts (oC)

Target
Temperature
Tt (oC)

(Sour

H
(MW)

CP
(MW/oC)

ce:

1
2
3
4
5
6
Private Data, 2015)
Table 6.3 Water Needs for Cooling Water

Heat Exchanger

m (kg/h)

V (m3/h)

V (m3/day)

Total
(Source: Private Data, 2015)

6.4.1.3 Steam Utility

Steam in this plant is used for heating cold stream. Steam is made by boiling water. Water
feed for boiler is demineralized water that has been mixed with corrosion inhibitor to prevent
corrosion. We will generate saturated steam from the boiler. There are some requirement for
water that used for feed boiler:
-

Free from corrosion-causing substances, such as acids and dissolved gases.

Free from substances which cause the crust caused by high hardness, which is usually in the

form of salts of carbonate and silica.

Free of substances causing the foam as organic substances, inorganic and oil.
Metal content and minimal impurities.

Table 6.4 Steam Stream

No

Stream
In

Stream
Out

Supply
Temperature
Ts (oC)

Target
Temperature
Tt (oC)

H
(MW)

CP
(MW/oC)

1
2
3
(Source: Private Data, 2015)
Table 6.5 Water Needs for Steam

Heat Exchanger

m (kg/h)

V (m3/h)

V (m3/day)

Total
(Source: Private Data, 2015)

6.4.1.4 Water for Domestic Use

Clean water for domestic uses is used for all domestic purpose including consumption,
hygiene, and food preparation. Based on UNESCO and Permendagri No.23 Tahun 2006, water
requirement should be assured and service level of water is 60 liter per person per day for
consumption and hygiene routine. If theres 150 people work in the plant, water needs per day
can be shown in table below.
Table 6.6 Water Needs for Domestic Uses

No.

Activity

1
2
3
4

Drinking Water
Sanitation
Laboratorium
Watering garden dan plant sanitation
Total

Quantit
y

Unit

Total
Person

Total Water
Needed
(m3/day)

m3
m3
m3
m3

(Source: Private Data, 2015)

6.4.1.5 Maintenance
In order to prevent the equipment to be broken before its time, we need to carefully
maintain our main equipment. One of the way to do that is by cleaning the equipment using
water (normally by showering the equipment). For this plant, we assume that the amount of
water needed for maintenance is XXXX m3/month. If we convert it to day basis, we can get the
amount of XXXX m3/day.

6.4.1.6 Total Water Needed Per Day

We can obtain total water needed for this plant per day by sum up all water needs
mentioned above. We also will add safety factor as much as 20% to minimize the risk if a
problem happens. From table below, we can see that our water needs per day is around m3/day
Table 6.7 Total Water Needed

No
.
1
2
3
4
5

Application

Volume rate
(m3/day)

Main process
Cooling water
Steam
Domestic use
Maintenance
Total

Safety
factor
20%
20%
20%
20%
20%

Volume rate
(m3/day)