The present perfect: use and placement of yet and already.

Use already in affirmative statments. Place already before the main verb or at
the end of the statement.
I've already read the book. OR I've read the book already.
Use yet in negative statement. Place yet at the end of the statement or
between have and the base form.
I haven't read the book yet. OR I haven't yet read the book.
Use yet or already in questions.
Have you read the book yet. OR
Have you already read the book?
Have you read the book already?
Be careful!
Don't use yet in affirmative statement. Don't use already in negative
statements.
DON'T SAY yes, I've read the book yet./ No I haven't already read the book.
Don't use ever with or already
Don't say: Have you ever read the book yet? Have you ever read the book
already?
The present perfect: ever, never, and before
Use ever in questions. Use never in negative statements and short answers. Do
not use ever in affirmative statments.
Have you ever made sushi?
Yes, I have. OR Yes, I've made sushi. NOT Yes, I've ever made sushi.
No, I never have. OR, No, I've never made sushi.
You can also use before in negative statements with never.
I've never been to Thailand before.
In very informal speech, ever is sometimes used to strongly emphasize never.
This meaning of ever is similar to in my whole life.
I've never ever been to Thailand.
The present perfect and the present perfect continuous: unfinished
actions.

Unfinished (or continuos) actions are those that began in the past, continue in
the present, and may possibly continue into the future. Here are three ways to
talk about unfinished actions:
1. The present perfect perfect with since: use since with a stated start time in
the past.
I've lived here since 2001. (2001 is the stated start time. I still live here, so the
action "continues")
2. The present perfect with for: use for to describe the period of time from its
start until the present.
I've lived here for five years. (Emphasis is on the five year period. I still live
here, so the action "continues")
3. The present perfect with for or since. ( Form the present perfect continuous
with the present perfect of be and a present participle)
I've been living here since 2001. OR I've been living here for five years. (In both
cases, the action "continues")
When describing continuing and unfinished actions with for and since, the
present perfect and the present perfect continuous are both correct. Some
people feel the present perfect continuous emphasizes the continuous
emphasizes the continuing time a bit more.
Ways to express preferences: review
Use like, prefer, or would rather with a direct object to indicate preferences.
The direct object can be a noun or noun phrase, a base form, or an infinitive,
depending on the structure you use.
Nouns or noun phrase
She'd like tea.
We'd like an early breakfast tomorrow
Sarah prefers coffee.
Would they prefer a horror film?
Base forms
They'd rather see a comedy
Would you rather have coffee or tea?
I'd rather not go oyt tonight
Infinitives
I'd like to go to the movies tonight
I prefer (OR I'd prefer) to see something less bloody.
She'd prefer not to show her children that film.
Expressing obligation with have to and must
Use have to and must plus a base form to express obligation when there is no
other choice of action available.

Students must take this exam

You have to take the 6:00 train if you want to arrive on time.
She has to make a reservation before July 15
Be careful
The negative form must not expresses prohibition, not obligation.
You must not smoke in you room = Don't smoke there.
The negative forms don't have to and doesn't have to express a lack of
obligation
You don't have to show your passport = It isn't necessry.
Note: Must is very formal and not very common in speaking. It is generally use
by a person in authority (e.g. a teacher or boss) to state policy or law. Have to
is much more common in both speaking and writing. The more informal have
got to is also common in spoken English.
Sorry. I've got to hurry. I'm going to be late.
There is no negative form of have got to in American English. Use don't have to
or doesn't have to.